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Journals / Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 13

Determination of phytoconstituents of leaf extracts of jujube tree leaves pre-fruit and post-harvest

Meyve öncesi ve hasat sonrası dönemde hünnap ağacı yapraklarının fitokimyasal bileşenlerinin belirlenmesi

Musa Denizhan Ulusan(Süleyman DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-9040-5025
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-08-15
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These results highlight the importance of harvest timing in optimizing the functional and industrial utilization potential of jujube leaves.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Background and Aims Ziziphus jujuba Mill. leaves have long been utilized in traditional medicine; however, information regarding seasonal variations in their phytochemical profile remains limited.
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Key Findings & Data:Results A total of 18 volatile compounds were identified in pre-fruiting leaves, whereas 14 components were detected in post-harvest samples.
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Conclusion & Impact:These results highlight the importance of harvest timing in optimizing the functional and industrial utilization potential of jujube leaves.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Ziziphus zizyphus · hünnap · yaprak

Abstract

Background and Aims Ziziphus jujuba Mill. leaves have long been utilized in traditional medicine; however, information regarding seasonal variations in their phytochemical profile remains limited. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the phytochemical composition of jujube leaves collected during the pre-fruiting (spring) and post-harvest (autumn) periods in the Isparta region. Methods Volatile constituents were characterized using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by appropriate chromatographic analysis. Total antioxidant capacity was determined by the CUPRAC assay, while total phenolic content was quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Saponin concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically. Fatty acids were derivatized to their methyl esters and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Results A total of 18 volatile compounds were identified in pre-fruiting leaves, whereas 14 components were detected in post-harvest samples. Saponin content increased from 2.49 mg mL⁻¹ in the pre-fruiting period to 4.29 mg mL⁻¹ after harvest. Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content analyses further confirmed that jujube leaves possess a rich phytochemical composition, with marked seasonal fluctuations. Conclusion The findings demonstrate that jujube leaves constitute a significant source of bioactive compounds and that their phytochemical profile varies substantially between growth stages. These results highlight the importance of harvest timing in optimizing the functional and industrial utilization potential of jujube leaves.

Özet

Giriş ve Hedefler Hünnap (Ziziphus zizyphus) yaprakları yüzyıllardır geleneksel ve tıbbi amaçlarla kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, yaprakların fitokimyasal bileşiminin mevsimsel değişime bağlı olarak nasıl farklılaştığına ilişkin bilgiler sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Isparta yöresinde yetişen hünnap ağaçlarının ilkbahar (meyve öncesi) ve sonbahar (hasat sonrası) dönemlerinde toplanan yapraklarının fitokimyasal içeriklerini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir. Yöntemler Yapraklardaki uçucu bileşenler katı faz mikroekstraksiyon (SPME) yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Toplam antioksidan kapasite CUPRAC yöntemiyle, toplam fenolik madde miktarı ise Folin-Ciocalteu yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Saponin içeriği kantitatif olarak tayin edilmiş, yağ asitleri metil esterlerine dönüştürülerek GC-FID cihazı ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular Meyve öncesi dönemde 18, hasat sonrası dönemde ise 14 uçucu bileşen tespit edilmiştir. Saponin miktarı meyve öncesinde 2,49 mg/mL iken hasat sonrasında 4,29 mg/mL olarak belirlenmiştir. Antioksidan kapasite ve toplam fenolik içerik analizleri, hünnap yapraklarının zengin bir fitokimyasal profile sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuçlar Elde edilen bulgular, hünnap yapraklarının önemli düzeyde biyoaktif bileşen içerdiğini ve bu içeriğin mevsimsel değişimlere bağlı olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuçlar, hasat zamanının bitkisel hammaddenin fonksiyonel ve endüstriyel kullanım potansiyeli açısından kritik bir faktör olduğunu göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Ulusan, M. D. (2026). Determination of phytoconstituents of leaf extracts of jujube tree leaves pre-fruit and post-harvest. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, Sayı: 13. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1892420

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