Furthermore, the results show that the association between green practices and employee advocacy and organisational citizenship behaviour is partially mediated by climate change awareness.
📌 3 Key Takeaways
🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study set out to investigate the relationships among green practices, hotel employees' advocacy, climate change awareness, and organizational citizenship behavior, with a particular focus on the mediating role of climate change awareness in the link between green practices, employee advocacy, and organizational citizenship behavior.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The findings prove that green practices of hotels increase employee’s awareness of climate change, organizational citizenship behavior and employee advocacy behaviour, and employees’ climate change awareness increases their organizational citizenship behavior and employee advocacy behaviour.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Furthermore, the results show that the association between green practices and employee advocacy and organisational citizenship behaviour is partially mediated by climate change awareness.
This study set out to investigate the relationships among green practices, hotel employees' advocacy, climate change awareness, and organizational citizenship behavior, with a particular focus on the mediating role of climate change awareness in the link between green practices, employee advocacy, and organizational citizenship behavior. A survey was used to collect data from staff members of İzmir, Türkiye's Green Star hotels. Hypotheses were tested using a three-stage regression analysis. The findings prove that green practices of hotels increase employee’s awareness of climate change, organizational citizenship behavior and employee advocacy behaviour, and employees’ climate change awareness increases their organizational citizenship behavior and employee advocacy behaviour. Furthermore, the results show that the association between green practices and employee advocacy and organisational citizenship behaviour is partially mediated by climate change awareness.
Akgündüz, Y., Alkan, C., Koba, Y. (2025). Impact of Green Practices on Employees’ Attitudes Towards Hotels in Türkiye: The Mediator Role of Climate Change Awareness. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), Volume: 13 Issue: 4. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.1543439
Aboramadan, M., & Karatepe, O. M. (2021). Green human resource management, perceived green organizational support and their effects on hotel employees’ behavioral outcomes. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(10), 3199-3222. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2020-1440
Açıkalın, Ş. N., Sarı, E., & Erçetin, Ş. Ş. (2024). Role of education in awareness on climate change. Current Perspectives in Social Sciences, 28(1), 56-63.
Afsar, B., & Umrani, W. A. (2020). Corporate social responsibility and pro-environmental behavior at workplace: The role of moral reflectiveness, coworker advocacy, and environmental commitment. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(1), 109-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/csr.1777
Ahmad, N., Ullah, Z., AlDhaen, E., Han, H., Ariza-Montes, A., & Vega-Muñoz, A. (2022). Fostering advocacy behavior of employees: a corporate social responsibility perspective from the hospitality sector. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 865021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.865021
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: a theory of planned behavior. In Kuhl, J., & Beckman J. (Eds.) Action Control: From Cognition to Behavior (11-39), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Akgunduz, Y., & Sanli, S. C. (2017). The effect of employee advocacy and perceived organizational support on job embeddedness and turnover intention in hotels. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 31, 118-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.12.002
Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14, 20–39. https://doi.org/10.2307/258189
Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(2), 147-154. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.515
Barroso Castro, C., Martín Armario, E., & Martín Ruiz, D. (2004). The influence of employee organizational citizenship behavior on customer loyalty. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 15(1), 27-53. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564230410523321
Blau, P. M. (1983). Exchange and power in social life. New York: John Wiley.
Boiral, O. (2009). Greening the corporation through organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of business ethics, 87, 221-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9881-2
Boiral, O., Talbot, D., & Paillé, P. (2015). Leading by example: a model of organizational citizenship behavior for the environment. Business Strategy and the Environment, 24(6), 532-550. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1835
Brown, R. (2000). Social identity theory: Past achievements, current problems and future challenges. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30(6), 745-778. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0992(200011/12)30:6 3.0.co;2-o
Chou, C. J. (2014). Hotels' environmental policies and employee personal environmental beliefs: Interactions and outcomes. Tourism management, 40, 436-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.08.001
Cvelbar, K.L., Grün, B., & Dolnicar, S. (2021). To clean or not to clean? Reducing daily routine hotel room cleaning by letting tourists answer this question for themselves. Journal of Travel Research, 60(1), 220-229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519879779
Darvishmotevali, M., & Altinay, L. (2022). Green HRM, environmental awareness and green behaviors: the moderating role of servant leadership. Tourism Management, 88, 104401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104401
Dewi, N. K. H. K., Nadra, N. M., Suarja, I. K., Triyuni, N. N., & Astawa, I. K. (2023). Implementation of green practice ın ımproving service quality at the front office department At Mercure Bali Legian. International Journal of Travel, Hospitality and Events, 2(2), 116-129.
El-Aty, A., & Deraz, A. (2018). The influence of perceived organizational support and employee advocacy on organizational commitment in hotels. International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality, 12(1), 155-170. https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ijhth.2018.31505
Elshaer, I.A., Azazz, A.M.S., & Fayyad, S. (2022). Underdog environmental expectations and environmental organizational citizenship behavior in the hotel industry: Mediation of desire to prove others wrong and individual green values as a moderator. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159501
Ertuğral, S.M. (2002). İstihdam yapımızın incelenmesi ve İstanbul’daki 5 yıldızlı otellere yönelik bir çalışması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 52(2), 2-12.
Faraz, N. A., Ahmed, F., & Xiong, Z. (2024). How firms leverage corporate environmental strategy to nurture green behavior: Role of multi‐level environmentally responsible leadership. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(1), 243-259. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2565
Griethuijsen, R. A. L. F., Eijck, M. W., Haste, H., Brok, P. J., Skinner, N. C., Mansour, N., Savran Gencer, A., & Bou, J. S. (2014). Global patterns in students’ views of science and interest in science. Research in Science Education, 45(4), 581–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-014-9438-6
Gullifor, D. P., Petrenko, O. V., Chandler, J. A., Quade, M. J., & Rouba, Y. (2023). Employee reactions to perceived CSR: The influence of the ethical environment on OCB engagement and individual performance. Journal of Business Research, 161, 113835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113835
Gursoy, D., Sfodera, F., Piccioni, N., Nosi, C., Chi, C.G., & Chi, O.H. (2025). Consumers’ willingness to use the metaverse for information search: an investigation of the underlying mechanism and critical determinants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 124, 103957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2024.103957.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Hsiao, T., Chuang, C., & Huang, L. (2018). The contents, determinants, and strategic procedure for implementing suitable green activities in star hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 69, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.10.005
Huddy, L. (2001). From social to political identity: a critical examination of social identity theory. Political Psychology, 22(1), 127-156. https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895x.00230
Ismael, R. B., & Keskin, H. D. (2021). Yeşil pazarlama uygulamalarının otel müşterilerinin memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisini belirlemeye yönelik bir uygulama. Giresun Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 7(3), 515-536. https://doi.org/10.46849/guiibd.1013586
Jiang, Y., & Kim, Y. (2015). Developing multi-dimensional green value: Extending social exchange theory to explore customers’ purchase intention in green hotels–evidence from Korea. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(2), 308-334. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2013-0383
Karmoker, K., Kona, F. A., Oyshi, A. H., & Yasmin, K. S. (2021). Effects of green human resource management on employee green behavior: Moderating role of employee environmental knowledge. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Policy, 10(2), 64-80.
Khalil, N., Che Abdullah, S. N., Haron, S. N., & Hamid, M. Y. (2024). A review of green practices and initiatives from stakeholder’s perspectives towards sustainable hotel operations and performance impact. Journal of Facilities Management, 22(4), 653-682. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFM-03-2022-0025
Khan, N. U., Cheng, J., Yasir, M., Saufi, R. A., Nawi, N. C., & Bazkiaei, H. A. (2022). Antecedents of employee green behavior in the hospitality industry. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 836109. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.836109
Khan, P. A., Johl, S. K., & Johl, S. K. (2021). Does adoption of ISO 56002‐2019 and green innovation reporting enhance the firm sustainable development goal performance? An emerging paradigm. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(7), 2922-2936. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2779
Kim, M.J., & Hall, C.M. (2019). Can climate change awareness predict pro-environmental practices in restaurants? Comparing high and low dining expenditure, Sustainability, 11. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236777
Kim, W. G., McGinley, S., Choi, H. M., & Agmapisarn, C. (2020). Hotels’ environmental leadership and employees’ organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87, 102375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102375
Kim, Y J., Kim, W G., Choi, H., & Phetvaroon, K. (2019). The effect of green human resource management on hotel employees’ eco-friendly behavior and environmental performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76, 83-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.04.007
Lee, K., & Gong, T. (2024). How customer incivility affects organization citizenship behavior: Roles of depersonalization, resilience, and caring climate. Journal of Services Marketing, 38(3), 252-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JSM-03-2023-0099
Lee, Y., & Kim, K. H. (2021). Enhancing employee advocacy on social media: the value of internal relationship management approach. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 26 (2), 311-327. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-05-2020-0088
Liu, Z., Guo, Y., Zhang, M., & Ma, G. (2024). Can green human resource management promote employee green advocacy? The mediating role of green passion and the moderating role of supervisory support for the environment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(1), 121-153. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2023.2214319
Luu, T.T. (2019). Building employees’ organizational citizenship behavior for the environment: the role of environmentally-specific servant leadership and a moderated mediation mechanism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(1), 406-426. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2017-0425
Ma, E., Wang, Y-C., Xu, S., & Wang, D. (2022). Clarifying the multi-order multidimensional structure of organizational citizenship behavior: A cross-cultural validation. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 50, 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.12.008
Ma, Y., Teng, Y., & Yan, B. (2024). Bring more than green? The impact of green human resource management on hospitality employees' organizational citizenship behaviors. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(3), 2537-2556. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2702
Mallen-Ntiador, T. N. E. (2017), Green Marketing Practices and Customer Satisfaction In Selected Hotels In Ghana, Master of Philosophy (Marketing Option) Degree. Marketing Türkiye (2024). Retrieved November 18, 2024, from https://www.marketingturkiye.com.tr/haberler/
Muthuraman, S., & Al-Haziazi, M. (2017). Examining the factors of organizational citizenship behavior with reference to corporate sectors in Sultanate of Oman. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7(1), 413-422.
Nisar, Q. A., Haider, S., Ali, F., Jamshed, S., Ryu, K., & Gill, S. S. (2021). Green human resource management practices and environmental performance in Malaysian green hotels: the role of green intellectual capital and pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Cleaner Production, 311, 127504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127504
Pang, S. F., McKercher, B., & Prideaux, B. (2013). Climate change and tourism: an overview. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18(1-2), 4-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2012.688509
Pardana, D., Abdullah, R., Mahmuda, D., Malik, E., Pratiwi, E. T., Dja’Wa, A., Abdullah, L. O. D., & Hamid, R. S. (2019). Attitude analysis in the theory of planned behavior: Green marketing against the intention to buy environmentally friendly products. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 343(1), 012128. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/343/1/012128
Patwary, A.K., Sharif, A., Aziz, R.C., Hassan, M.G.B., Najmi, A., & Rahman, M.K. (2023). Reducing environmental pollution by organisational citizenship behaviour in hospitality industry: the role of green employee involvement, performance management and dynamic capability. Environmental Sciences and Pollution Research, 30, 37105-37117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24710-1
Pham, N. T., Chiappetta Jabbour, C. J., Vo-Thanh, T., Huynh, T. L. D., & Santos, C. (2023). Greening hotels: Does motivating hotel employees promote in-role green performance? The role of culture. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 31(4), 951-970. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1863972
Pham, N. T., Tučková, Z., & Jabbour, C. J. C. (2019). Greening the hospitality industry: How do green human resource management practices influence organizational citizenship behavior in hotels? A mixed-methods study. Tourism management, 72, 386-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.12.008
Podsakoff, N. P., Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & Blume, B. D. (2009). Individual-and organizational-level consequences of organizational citizenship behaviors: a meta-analysis. Journal of applied Psychology, 94 (1), 122. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0013079
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Raineri, N., & Paillé, P. (2016). Linking corporate policy and supervisory support with environmental citizenship behaviors: the role of employee environmental beliefs and commitment. Journal of Business Ethics, 137, 129-148. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s10551-015-2548-x
Raza, A., Farrukh, M., Iqbal, M. K., Farhan, M., & Wu, Y. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and employees' voluntary pro‐environmental behavior: the role of organizational pride and employee engagement. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(3), 1104-1116. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2109
Scott, D., Gössling, S., & Hall, C. M. (2012). International tourism and climate change. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 3(3), 213-232. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.165
Shah, P., Singh Dubey, R., Rai, S., Renwick, D. W., & Misra, S. (2024). Green human resource management: a comprehensive investigation using bibliometric analysis. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(1), 31-53. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2589
Song, P., & Phang, C. W. (2015). Promoting continuance through shaping members' social identity in knowledge-based versus support/advocacy virtual communities. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 63(1), 16-26. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2015.2488698
Suharti, L., & Sugiarto, A. (2020). A qualitative study of green HRM practices and their benefits in the organization: an Indonesian company experience. Business: Theory and Practice, 21(1), 200-211. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2020.11386
Tabrizi, R. S., Karatepe, O. M., Rezapouraghdam, H., Rescalvo-Martin, E., & Enea, C., (2023). Green human resource management, job embeddedness and their effects on restaurant employees’ green voice behaviors. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(10), 3453–3480. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-06-2022-0750
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin, & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-37). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Tanrısever, C., Pamukçu, H., & Baydeniz, E. (2024). Climate change in tourism: Understanding the impacts and opportunities for sustainability. In Tanrisever, C., Pamukçu, H. and Sharma, A. (Eds.) Future Tourism Trends Volume 1: Tourism in the Changing World (33-45). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-244-520241003
Thelen, P. D. (2020). Internal communicators’ understanding of the definition and importance of employee advocacy. Public Relations Review, 46(4), 101946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.101946
Thomas, T. (2020). Employee advocacy as a marketing strategy to power brand promotion: an employee perspective. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 2, 167-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.2-12
Tsarenko, Y., Leo, C., & Tse, H.H.M. (2018). When and why do social resources influence employee advocacy? The role of personal investment and perceived recognition. Journal of Business Research, 82, 260-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.09.001
Unsworth, K. L., Davis, M. C., Russell, S. V., & Bretter, C. (2021). Employee green behaviour: How organizations can help the environment. Current Opinion in Psychology, 42, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.12.006
Waqas, M., Honggang, X., Ahmad, N., Khan, S. A. R., & Iqbal, M. (2021). Big data analytics as a roadmap towards green innovation, competitive advantage and environmental performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 323, 128998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128998
Wu, L-Z., Sun, Z., Ye, Y., Kwan, H.K., & Wang, M. (2021). The impact of exploitative leadership on frontline hospitality employees’ service performance: A social exchange perspective. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 96, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102954
Wu, M. H., Thongma, W., Leelapattana, W., & Huang, M. L. (2016). Impact of hotel employee’s green awareness, knowledge, and skill on hotel’s overall performance. In Chen J.S. (Ed.) Advances in Hospitality and Leisure (58-81). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-354220160000012004
Yeh, Y. P. (2014). Exploring the impacts of employee advocacy on job satisfaction and organizational commitment: Case of Taiwanese airlines. Journal of Air Transport Management, 36, 94-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2014.01.002
Yong, J. Y., Yusliza, M. Y., Jabbour, C. J. C., & Ahmad, N. H. (2020). Exploratory cases on the interplay between green human resource management and advanced green manufacturing in light of the ability-motivation-opportunity theory. Journal of Management Development, 39(1), 31-49. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-12-2018-0355
Yusoff, Y. M., Nejati, M., Kee, D. M. H., & Amran, A. (2020). Linking green human resource management practices to environmental performance in hotel industry. Global Business Review, 2(3), 663-680. https://doi.org/10.1177/09721509187792
Zacher, H., Rudolph, C. W., & Katz, I. M. (2023). Employee green behavior as the core of environmentally sustainable organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10(1), 465-494. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-050421
Zhao, S., Teng, L., & Ji, J. (2024). Impact of environmental regulations on eco-innovation: the moderating role of top managers’ environmental awareness and commitment. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 67(10), 2229-2256. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2023.2184331
Zibarras, L. D., & Coan, P. (2015). HRM practices used to promote pro-environmental behavior: a UK survey. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(16), 2121-2142. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.972429