Journals / Abant Tıp Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3

Age- and Sex-Dependent Changes in Hand Parameters Assessed by Hand Radiographs in Adolescents

Gülçin Ray(Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi)0000-0002-0417-1806
İbrahim Kürtül(Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi)0000-0002-9218-6468
Abdullah Ray(BOLU ABANT IZZET BAYSAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-8124-6402
Gamze Taşkın Şenol(BOLU ABANT IZZET BAYSAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-5587-1055
Pages
178–185
Publication Date
2025-12-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was concluded that linear variables related with the hand showed statistically significant difference between age and gender groups.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hand and gender-related development of the hand anatomy by using hand-related morphometric variables obtained from radiographic images of healthy adolescents.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Materials and Methods: A total of 120 females and 120 males between the ages of 7 and 18 who referred to Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University İzzet Baysal Training and Research Hospital in 2023 were included in this retrospective study.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was concluded that linear variables related with the hand showed statistically significant difference between age and gender groups.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2023 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Hand · Morphometry · Radiology

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hand and gender-related development of the hand anatomy by using hand-related morphometric variables obtained from radiographic images of healthy adolescents. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 females and 120 males between the ages of 7 and 18 who referred to Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University İzzet Baysal Training and Research Hospital in 2023 were included in this retrospective study. Participants were divided into 4 groups according to their ages: 7-9, 10-12, 13-15 and 16-18. After the images taken with DICOM format in PACS system were transferred to Radiant Dicom Viewer (RDV) program, 14 linear and 2 angular variables determined were measured. The variables are as follows: length of phalanx I (LPI), length of phalanx II (LPII), length of phalanx III (LPIII), length of phalanx IV (LPIV), length of phalanx V(LPV), length of metacarpal I (LMI), length of metacarpal II (LMII), length of metacarpal III (LMIII), length of metacarpal IV (LMIV), length of metacarpal V (LMV), hand length (HL), hand width (HW), carpal height (CH), maximum hand breadth (MHB), radial angle (RA), ulnar angle (UA). Results: As a result of the analyses, while the difference between genders was not statistically significant in angular variables, significant results were found in linear variables. In terms of genders, statistically significant difference was found between the individuals forming the third and fourth group in the variables LPI, LPII, LPIII, LPIV, LPV, LMII, LMIII, LMIV, HL, between the individuals forming the fourth group in LMI, LMV and RA variables and between the individuals forming the second, third and fourth groups in HW and MHB variables. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was concluded that linear variables related with the hand showed statistically significant difference between age and gender groups. It is thought that the data obtained from the adolescents will be a reference in the evaluation of developmental stages in paediatrics and also provide morphometric data about the population for anatomists, forensic specialists and forensic anthropologists.

🔖

Cite This Article

Ray, G., Kürtül, İ., Ray, A., Şenol, G. T. (2025). Age- and Sex-Dependent Changes in Hand Parameters Assessed by Hand Radiographs in Adolescents. Abant Tıp Dergisi, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 178–185. https://doi.org/10.47493/abantmedj.1698492

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (33)

  1. Mohammed AMH. A normal data-base of posteroanterior radiographic measurements of the wrist in healthy Egyptians. Surg Radiol Anat. 2009;31(9):665–674.
  2. McIntyre MH. The use of digit ratios as markers for perinatal androgen action. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2006;16(4):1–9.
  3. Manning JT, Fink B. Sexual dimorphism in the ontogeny of second (2D) and fourth (4D) digit lengths, and digit ratio (2D:4D). Am J Hum Biol. 2018;30(4):1–7.
  4. Fink B, Manning JT, Williams JHG, et al. The 2nd to 4th digit ratio and developmental psychopathology in school-aged children. Pers Individ Differ. 2007;42(2):369–379.
  5. Kyriakidis I. Data regarding 2D:4D and other digit ratios in Greek population. Data Brief. 2021;34:1–7.
  6. Kumar S, Voracek M, Singh M. Sexual dimorphism in digit ratios derived from dorsal digit length among adults and children. Front Endocrinol. 2017;8(41):1–8.
  7. Bakırcı E, Anatomy H. Hand anatomy, gender differences, ROC curve values and regression formulas in young adults. İKÇÜSBFD. 2022;7(3):557–561.
  8. Ernsten L, Körner LM, Heil M. Investigating the reliability and sex differences of digit lengths, ratios, and hand measures in infants. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1–14.
  9. Açıkgöz AK, Binokay F, Bozkır MG. The surgical importance of morphometric measurements obtained from adult wrist radiographs. Harran Univ Tıp Fak Derg. 2022;19(2):313–319.
  10. Sawyer SM, Afi RA, Bearinger LH. Adolescence: a foundation for future health. Lancet. 2012;379:1630–1640.
  11. Mwaturura T, Cloutier FC, Daneshvar P. Analysis of radiographic relationship between distal radius, ulna, and lunate. J Wrist Surg. 2019;8(5):374–379.
  12. Thienpont E, Mulier T, Rega F. Radiographic analysis of anatomical risk factors for Kienböck’s disease. Acta Orthop Belg. 2004;70(5):406–409.
  13. Garcia-Elias M, Pitágoras T, Gilabert-Senar A. Relationship between joint laxity and radio-ulno-carpal joint morphology. J Hand Surg Am. 2003;28(2):158–162.
  14. Jafari D, Taheri H, Shariatzade H. Radiographic indices in one hundred fifty normal Iranian wrists. MJIRI. 2012;26(3):132–139.
  15. Yalçın A, Polat A. Evaluation of radiographic measurements of the wrist in the Turkish population. JOSAM. 2022;6(1):36–42.
  16. Sulzmann CE, Buckberry JL, Pastor RF. The utility of carpals for sex assessment: a preliminary study. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2008;135(3):252–262.
  17. Nattrass GR, King GJ, McMurtry RY, et al. An alternative method for determination of the carpal height ratio. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994;76(1):88–94.
  18. Darmawan MF, Yusuf SM, Rozi MA, et al. Hybrid PSO-ANN for sex estimation based on length of left hand bone. SCOReDv. 2015;478–483.
  19. Hens SM, Rastelli E, Belcastro G. Age estimation from the human os coxa: a test on a documented Italian collection. J Forensic Sci. 2008;53(5):1040–1043.
  20. Steyn M, Yasar MY, Iscan I. Osteometric variation in the humerus: sexual dimorphism in South Africans. Forensic Sci Int. 1999;106:77–85.
  21. Al-Hadlaq A, Al-Qarni M, Al-Kahtani M, et al. Comparative study between the hand-wrist method and cervical vertebral maturation method for evaluation skeletal maturity in cleft patients. PODJ. 2013;27(2):187–192.
  22. Darmawan MF, Abidin AFZ, Kasim S, et al. Random forest age estimation model based on length of left hand bone for Asian population. IJECE. 2020;10(1):549–558.
  23. Yusuf I, Mork H, Erdlenbruch B, et al. Nerve ultrasound reference values in children and adolescents: echogenicity and influence of anthropometric factors including hand volume. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis. 2023;15:1–11.
  24. Artioli TO, Alvares MA, Carvalho M, et al. Bone age determination in eutrophic, overweight and obese Brazilian children and adolescents: a comparison between computerized BoneXpert and Greulich-Pyle methods. Pediatr Radiol. 2019;49(9):1185–1191.
  25. Taner HA, Gözil R, İşeri E, et al. 2D:4D oranı ve parmak boyları açısından obsesif kompulsif bozukluk, yaygın gelişimsel bozukluk tanısı konulan çocuklar ve sağlıklı kontrollerin karşılaştırılması. GMJ. 2016;27:40–44.
  26. Şener EH. Evaluation of the sex-determining features of upper and lower extremity morphometric measurements in the newborn. MAKU J Health Sci Inst. 2023;11(2):253–266.
  27. Asadujjaman M, Ali Molla MB, et al. Stature estimation from hand anthropometric measurements in Bangladeshi population. J Forensic Leg Med. 2019;65:86–91.
  28. Uzun Ö, Öksüz CE, Zihni NB, et al. Sex estimation from index and ring finger lengths in Turkish population. J Clin Diagn Res. 2019;13(3):1–6.
  29. Polat S, Işık Eİ, Tutuş E, et al. The effect of hand morphometric measurements on the manual dexterity in students of Vocational School of Health Services. Çukurova Med J. 2023;48(3):879–887.
  30. Farhan SS, Al-Imam A, Al-Jewari WM. Stature estimation among Iraqis based on anthropometrics of the hands using multivariable regression. Asian J Med Sci. 2023;4:92–101.
  31. Krishan K, Kanchan T, Asha N, et al. Estimation of sex from index and ring finger in a North Indian population. J Forensic Leg Med. 2013;20(5):471–479.
  32. Kanchan T, Kumar GP, Menezes RG. Index and ring finger ratio: a new sex determinant in South Indian population. Forensic Sci Int. 2008;181(1–3):53.e1–53.e4.
  33. Zbojniewicz AM. MRI anatomy and injuries of the fingers. Pediatr Radiol. 2023;53(8):1562–1575.