SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Acta Infologica / 2026 / Volume: 6 Issue: 1

An Empirical Study on Strategic Alignment of Enterprise Systems

Kurumsal Sistemlerin Stratejik Hizalanması Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma

Nazım Taşkın(Bogazici University)0000-0002-5327-9012
Jacques Verville0000-0003-2578-3905
Ji Yu(Massey University)0000-0001-8921-8898
Pages
—
Publication Date
2022-06-28
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The study results show alignment has a significant and positive impact on performance.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study examines the relationship between business strategy, ES strategy, strategic alignment of these strategies, flexibility and the business performance.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The study results show alignment has a significant and positive impact on performance.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The practitioner-oriented version of the instrument of this study and the methods can be used to continuously assess the organizations’ realized business strategy instead of planned strategies, especially when there is a shift in the business environment.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Enterprise Systems · Strategic Alignment · Strategic flexibility

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between business strategy, ES strategy, strategic alignment of these strategies, flexibility and the business performance. The study examines alignment as a matching approach. A questionnaire survey was conducted to gather data from North American participants from service and manufacturing industries. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) method that is a Structured Equation Modeling (SEM) based statistical tool was used for analyzing the data. The study results show alignment has a significant and positive impact on performance. The alignment mediates the relationship between strategic flexibility of ERP and business performance. In order for ES to contribute to business value or performance, ES strategies need to be aligned with business strategies. The main limitations of this study include sample size (N=92) and possibly the nature of the data as the study uses cross-sectional data rather than a longitudinal study. The study results can help managers and practitioners to prioritize their ES plans and investments. The practitioner-oriented version of the instrument of this study and the methods can be used to continuously assess the organizations’ realized business strategy instead of planned strategies, especially when there is a shift in the business environment.

Özet

Bu çalışma, iş stratejisi, ES stratejisi, bu stratejilerin stratejik uyumu, esneklik ve iş performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Çalışma, eşleştirme yaklaşımı olarak hizalamayı incelemektedir. Çalışmada hizmet ve imalat endüstrilerinden Kuzey Amerikalı katılımcılardan veri toplamak için bir anket çalışması kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Yapılandırılmış Eşitlik Modelleme (SEM) tabanlı bir istatistiksel araç olan Kısmi En Küçük Kareler (PLS) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları, uyumun performans üzerinde önemli ve olumlu bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Hizalama, ERP’nin stratejik esnekliği ile iş performansı arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık eder. ES’nin iş değerine veya performansına katkıda bulunması için ES stratejilerinin iş stratejileriyle uyumlu olması gerekir. Bu çalışmanın ana sınırlamaları, örneklem büyüklüğünü (N=92) ve çalışma boylamsal bir çalışma yerine kesitsel verileri kullandığından muhtemelen verilerin çeşidini içerir. Çalışma sonuçları, yöneticilerin ve uygulayıcıların ES planlarına ve yatırımlarına öncelik vermelerine yardımcı olabilir. Bu çalışmanın aracının uygulayıcı odaklı versiyonu ve yöntemler, özellikle iş ortamında bir değişiklik olduğunda, kuruluşların planlanan strateji yerine gerçekleştirdiği iş stratejisini sürekli olarak değerlendirmek için kullanılabilir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Taşkın, N., Verville, J., Yu, J. (2022). An Empirical Study on Strategic Alignment of Enterprise Systems. Acta Infologica, Volume: 6 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.26650/acin.1079619

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (120)

  1. Afandi, W. (2017). The Impact of Strategic IT-Business Alignment: Evidence from Saudi Private Small and Midsize Enterprises. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 8 (10), 48-63. google scholar
  2. Al-Mudimigh, A., Zairi, M., & Al-Mashari, M. (2001). ERP Software Implementation: An Integrative Framework. European Journal of Information Systems, 10, 216-226. google scholar
  3. Al-Surmi, A., Cao, G., & Duan, Y. (2020). The impact of aligning business, IT, and marketing strategies on firm performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 84, 39-49. google scholar
  4. AlBar, A.M., & Hoque, M.R. (2019). Factors affecting cloud ERP adoption in Saudi Arabia: An empirical study. Information Development, 35(1), 150-164. google scholar
  5. Albu, C.-N., Albu, N., Dumitru, M., & Dumitru, V. F. (2015). The impact of the interaction between context variables and enterprise resource planning systems on organizational performance: A case study from a transition economy. Information Systems Management, 32(3), 252-264. google scholar
  6. Alghamdi, H. A. (2018). A service driven method for evaluating business and IT alignment University of Reading] google scholar
  7. Armstrong, J. S., & Overton, T. S. (1977). Estimating Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys. Journal of Marketing Research, 14, 396-402. google scholar
  8. Aroian, L. A. (1944/1947). The Probability Function of the Product of Two Normally Distributed Variables. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18, 265-271. google scholar
  9. Avison, D., Jones, J., Powell, P., & Wilson, D. (2004). Using and Validating the Strategic Alignment Model. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 13(3), 223-246. google scholar
  10. Bahli, B., & Büyükkurt, M.D. (2005). Group Performance in Information Systems Project Groups: An Empirical Study. Journal of Information Technology Education, 4, 97-113. google scholar
  11. Barclay, D. W., Higgins, C., & Thompson, R. (1995). The Partial Least Squares (PLS) Approach to Causal Modeling: Personal Computer Adoption and Use as an Illustration. Technology Studies, Special Issue, Research Methodology, 2(2), 285-309. google scholar
  12. Baron, R.M., & Kenny, D.A. (1986). The Moderator Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological-Research - Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 15(6), 1173-1182. google scholar
  13. Barua, A., Kriebel, C., & Mukhopadhyay, T. (1995). Information Technologies and Business Value: An Analytic and Empirical Investigation. Information Systems Research, 6(1), 3-24. google scholar
  14. Bazrafshan, H., & Mahmoudi, S. M. (2018). The Role of IT Flexibility in IT-Business Strategic Alignment. Toloue Mehr, 1(1), 103-124. google scholar
  15. Bergeron, F., Raymond, J., & Rivard, S. (2001). Fit in Strategic Information Technology Management Research: An Empirical Comparison of Perspectives. Omega, 29(2), 125-142. google scholar
  16. Bergeron, F., Raymond, J., & Rivard, S. (2004). Ideal Patterns of Strategic Alignment and Business Performance. Information & Management, 41(8), 1003-1020. google scholar
  17. Bingi, P., Sharma, M. K., & Godla, J. (1999). Critical Issues Affecting an ERP Implementation. Information Systems Management, 16(3), 7-14. google scholar
  18. Bitsini, N. (2015). Investigating ERP misalignment between ERP systems and implementing organizations in developing countries. Journal of Enterprise Resource Planning Studies, 2015, 1-12. google scholar
  19. Bose, J. (2001). Achieving Data Quality in a Statistical Agency: A Methodological Perspective. Paper presented at the Proceedings of Statistics Canada Symposium. google scholar
  20. Bowman, E.H., & Hurry, D. (1993). Strategy through the Option Lens: An Integrated View of Resource Investments and the Incremental-Choice Process. Academy of Management Review, 18(4), 760-782. google scholar
  21. Brewer, G.A. (2006). All measures of performance are subjective: More evidence on US federal agencies. Public Service Performance: Perspectives on Measurement and Management, 35-54. google scholar
  22. Brozovic, D. (2018). Strategic flexibility: A review of the literature. International Journal of Management Reviews, 20(1), 3-31. google scholar Carignani, A., & Seifert, F. (2000, July). Competitive Advantage, Online Brokerage and IT: Evidence from Italian and German Companies. Paper presented at the Proceedings of ECIS2000, Wien. google scholar
  23. Chan, Y.E. (1992). Business Strategy, Information Systems Strategy, and Strategic Fit: Measurement and Performance Impacts. The University of Western Ontario. google scholar
  24. Chan, Y.E. (2002). Why Haven’t We Mastered Alignment? The Importance of the Informal Organizational Structure. MIS Quarterly Executive, 1(2-June). google scholar
  25. Chan, Y.E., Huff, S.L., Barclay, D.W., & Copeland, D.G. (1997). Business Strategy Orientation, Information Systems Orientation and Strategic Alignment. Information Systems Research, 8(2), 125-150. google scholar
  26. Chan, Y.E., & Reich, B.H. (2007). IT Alignment: What Have We Learned? Journal of Information Technology, 1-19. 228 google scholar
  27. Chaveesuk, S., & Hongsuwan, S. (2017). A structural equation model of ERP implementation success in Thailand. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 6(3), 194. google scholar
  28. Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Nevo, S., Benitez, J., & Kou, G. (2017). Improving strategic flexibility with information technologies: insights for firm performance in an emerging economy. Journal of Information Technology, 32(1), 10-25. google scholar
  29. Chin, W.W., Marcolin, B.L., & Newsted, P.R. (2003). A Partial Least Squares Latent Variable Modeling Approach for Measuring Interaction Effects: Results from a Monte Carlo Simulation Study and an Electronic-mail Emotion/adoption Study. Information Systems Research, 14(2), 189-217. google scholar
  30. Chin, W.W., & Newsted, P.R. (1999). Structural Equation Modeling Analysis with Small Samples Using Partial Least Squares. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Statistical Strategies for Small Sample Research (pp. 307-341): Thousand Oaks. google scholar
  31. Chung, S.H., Byrd, T.A., Lewis, B.R., & Ford, F.N. (2005). An Empirical Study of the Relationships between IT Infrastructure Flexibility, Mass Customization, and Business Performance. The DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 36(3). google scholar
  32. Chung, S.H., Rainer Jr., R.K., & Lewis, B.R. (2003). The Impact of Information Technology Infrastructure Flexibility on Strategic Alignment and Applications Implementations. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 11(11), 191-206. google scholar
  33. Coltman, T., Tallon, P., Sharma, R., & Queiroz, M. (2015). Strategic IT alignment: twenty-five years on. Journal of Information Technology, 30(2), 91-100. google scholar
  34. Cragg, P., King, M., & Hussin, H. (2002). IT Alignment and Firm Performance in Small Manufacturing Firms. Journal ofStrategic Information Systems, 11(2), 109-132. google scholar
  35. Davenport, T.H. (1998). Putting the Enterprise into the Enterprise System. Harvard Business Review, July/ August, 121-131. google scholar
  36. Davenport, T.H. (2000). The Future of Enterprise System-Enabled Organizations. Information Systems Frontiers; special issue of on The Future of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Frontiers, 2(2), 163-180. google scholar
  37. Demi, S., & Haddara, M. (2018). Do cloud ERP systems retire? An ERP lifecycle perspective. Procedia Computer Science, 138, 587-594. google scholar
  38. Dillman, D.A. (2007). Mail and Internet Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (2nd Ed.). New York: John Wiles and Sons Inc. google scholar
  39. Drazin, R., & Van de Ven, A.H. (1985). Alternative Forms of Fit in Contingency Theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 30(4), 514-539. google scholar
  40. Drummond, P., Araujo, F., & Borges, R. (2017). Meeting halfway: Assessing the differences between the perceptions of ERP implementers and end-users. Business Process Management Journal, 23(5), 936-956. google scholar
  41. Duncan, N.B. (1995). Capturing Flexibility of Information Technology Infrastructure: A Study of Resource Characteristics and their Measure. Journal ofManagement Information Systems, 12(2), 37-57. google scholar
  42. Epik, H. & Gökşen, Y. (2020). Küçük otellerde kurumsal strateji belirleme için bir karar destek sistemi: Pilot çalışma. Acta Infologica, 4(1), 11-19. https:// doi.org/10.26650/acin.648401 google scholar
  43. Esteves, J.M., & Pastor, J.A. (1999). An ERP Life-cycle-based Research Agenda. Paper presented at the First International workshop in Enterprise Management and Resource Planning: Methods, Tools and Architectures - EMRPS’99, Venice, Italy. google scholar
  44. Fink, A. (2008). How to Conduct Surveys: A Step by Step Guide (4th ed.): SAGE. google scholar
  45. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal ofMarketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. google scholar
  46. Gable, G.G., Chan, T., & Tan, W.G. (2001). Large Packaged Application Software Maintenance: A Research Framework. Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice, 13(6), 351-371. google scholar
  47. Gerow, J.E., Grover, V., Thatcher, J., & Roth, P.L. (2014). Looking toward the future of IT-business strategic alignment through the past. MIS Quarterly, 38(4), 1159-1186. google scholar
  48. Gerow, J.E., Thatcher, J.B., & Grover, V. (2015). Six types of IT-business strategic alignment: an investigation of the constructs and their measurement. European Journal ofInformation Systems, 24(5), 465-491. google scholar
  49. Ghasemaghaei, M., Hassanein, K., & Turel, O. (2017). Increasing firm agility through the use of data analytics: The role of fit. Decision Support Systems, 101, 95-105. google scholar
  50. Gibson, C.F., Holland, C.P., & Light, B. (1999). Enterprise Resource Planning: A Business Approach to Systems Development. Paper presented at the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, California. google scholar
  51. Goodhue, D.L., & Thompson, R.L. (1995). Task-technology fit and individual performance. MIS Quarterly, 213-236. google scholar
  52. Goodman, L.A. (1960). On the Exact Variance of Products. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 55, 708-713. google scholar
  53. Gopal, A., Bostrom, R.P., & Chin, W.W. (1992). Applying Adaptive Structuration Theory to Investigate the Process of Group Support Systems Use. Journal of Management Information Systems, 9(3), 45-69. google scholar
  54. Gupta, S., Kumar, S., Singh, S.K., Foropon, C., & Chandra, C. (2018). Role of cloud ERP on the performance of an organization: Contingent resource-based view perspective. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 29(2), 659-675. google scholar
  55. Gupta, S., Qian, X., Bhushan, B., & Luo, Z. (2019). Role of cloud ERP and big data on firm performance: a dynamic capability view theory perspective. Management Decision, 57(8), 1857-1882. google scholar
  56. Hair, J. F., Black, B., Babin, B., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis (6 Ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. google scholar Hirscheim, R., & Sabherwal, R. (2001). Detours in the Path toward Strategic Information Systems Alignment. California Management Review, 44(1 -Fall), 87-108. google scholar
  57. Holland, C. P., & Light, B. (1999). A Critical Success Factors Model for ERP Implementation. IEEE Software, May/ June, 30-36. google scholar
  58. Hou, C.-K. (2020). The effects of IT infrastructure integration and flexibility on supply chain capabilities and organizational performance: An empirical study of the electronics industry in Taiwan. Information Development, 36(4), 576-602. google scholar
  59. Huth, H. (2008). Organizing Cross-functional New Product Development Projects: The Phase-specific Effects of Organizational Antecedents.
  60. Ilmudeen, A. (2021). The impact of managing IT on business-IT alignment and firm performance: an empirical study. Foresight, 23(6), 679-697. google scholar
  61. Ilmudeen, A., & Bao, Y. (2020). IT strategy and business strategy mediate the effect of managing IT on firm performance: empirical analysis. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. google scholar
  62. Ilmudeen, A., Bao, Y., & Alharbi, I.M. (2019). How does business-IT strategic alignment dimension impact on organizational performance measures: Conjecture and empirical analysis. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. 3(2),457-476. google scholar
  63. Johansson, B., Sudzina, F., & Pucihar, A. (2014). Alignment of business and information strategies and its impact on business performance. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 15(5), 886-898. google scholar
  64. Johnson, A.M. and Lederer, A.L. (2010). CEO/CIO mutual understanding, strategic alignment, and the contribution of IS to the organization. Information & Management, 47 (2010), 138-149. google scholar
  65. Jorfi, S., Nor, K.M., & Najjar, L. (2017). An empirical study of the role of IT flexibility and IT capability in IT-business strategic alignment. Journal of Systems and Information Technology. 19(1/2), 2-21. google scholar
  66. Kang, S., Park, J.H., & Yang, H.D. (2008). ERP Alignment for Positive Business Performance: Evidence from Korea’s Market. The Journal of Computer Information Systems, 48(4), 25-38. google scholar
  67. Kappelman, L., McLean, E., Luftman, J., & Johnson, V. (2013). Key Issues of IT Organizations and Their Leadership: The 2013 SIM IT Trends Study. MIS Quarterly Executive, 12(4). google scholar
  68. Kirmizi, M., & Kocaoglu, B. (2020). The key for success in enterprise information systems projects: development of a novel ERP readiness assessment method and a case study. Enterprise Information Systems, 14(1), 1-37. google scholar
  69. Kock, N. (2010). WarpPLS 1.0 User Manual.Unpublished manuscript, Laredo, Texas. google scholar
  70. Komorita, S.S., & Graham, W.K. (1965). Number of scale points and the reliability of scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 25, 987-995. google scholar
  71. Kumar, R.L., & Stylianou, A.C. (2014). A process model for analyzing and managing flexibility in information systems. European Journal of Information Systems, 23(2), 151-184. google scholar
  72. Lambert, D.M., & Harrington, T.C. (1990). Measuring Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys. Journal of Business Logistics, 11(5-25). google scholar
  73. Lederer, A.L., & Mendelow, A.L. (1989). The Coordination of Information Systems Plans with Business Plans. Journal of Management Information Systems, 6(2-Fall), 5-19. google scholar
  74. Li, Q., Wang, C., Wu, J., Li, J., & Wang, Z. Y. (2011). Towards the business-information technology alignment in cloud computing environment: an approach based on collaboration points and agents. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 24(11), 1038-1057. google scholar
  75. Loukis, E., Sapounas, I., & Aivalis, K. (2010). Enterprise Systems Strategic Alignment and Business Value. google scholar
  76. Luftman, J., Papp, R., & Brier, T. (1999). Enablers and Inhibitors of Business-IT Alignment. Communications of the AIS, 1(11). 238. google scholar
  77. Luftman, J.N. (Ed.). (1996). Competing in the Information Age: Strategic Alignment in Practice. New York: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  78. Majhi, S.G., Anand, A., Mukherjee, A., & Rana, N.P. (2021). The Optimal Configuration of IT-Enabled Dynamic Capabilities in a firm’s Capabilities Portfolio: a Strategic Alignment Perspective. Information Systems Frontiers, 1-16. google scholar
  79. Malik, M.O., & Khan, N. (2021). Analysis of ERP implementation to develop a strategy for its success in developing countries. Production Planning & Control, 32(12), 1020-1035. google scholar
  80. Matalamaki, M.J., & Joensuu-Salo, S. (2021). Digitalization and strategic flexibility-a recipe for business growth. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. google scholar
  81. Mikalef, P., Pateli, A., & van de Wetering, R. (2021). IT architecture flexibility and IT governance decentralisation as drivers of IT-enabled dynamic capabilities and competitive performance: The moderating effect of the external environment. European Journal of Information Systems, 30(5), 512-540. google scholar
  82. Miles, R.E., & Snow, C.C. (1978). Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process. New York: McGraw-Hill. google scholar
  83. Morgan, R.E., & Strong, C.A. (2003). Business performance and dimensions of strategic orientation. Journal of Business Research, 56(3), 163-176. google scholar
  84. Motalab, M.B., & Shohag, S.A.M. (2011). Cloud computing and the business consequences of ERP use. International Journal of Computer Applications, 28(8), 31-37. google scholar
  85. Muscatello, J.R., Small, M.H., & Chen, I.J. (2003). Implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems in Small and Midsize Manufacturing Firms. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 23(8), 850. google scholar
  86. Nunnaly, J. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York, NY: McGraw Hill. google scholar
  87. Oh, W., & Pinsonneault, A. (2007). On the assessment of the strategic value of information technologies: conceptual and analytical approaches. MIS Quarterly, 239-265. google scholar
  88. Ozbek, A., Yildiz, A., & Alan, M. A. (2021). Türk tekstil işletmelerinin endüstri 4.0’a adaptasyonunun incelenmesi. Acta Infologica, 5(2), 255-265. https:// doi.org/10.26650/acin.910774 google scholar
  89. Panayiotou, N.A., Gayialis, S.P., Evangelopoulos, N.P., & Katimertzoglou, P.K. (2015), A business process modeling-enabled requirements engineering framework for ERP implementation. Business Process Management Journal, 21(3), 628-664. google scholar
  90. Panorama, C.S. (2016). 2016 ERP Report. Retrieved from http://go.panorama-consulting.com/rs/panoramaconsulting/images/2016/ERPReport.pdf google scholar
  91. Pasaribu, R.B. (2016). Flexibility of Adempiere Free Open Source ERP. Proceeding, The 1st Sebelas Maret Conference on Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Community Development (SMARTCEIC)(2016). google scholar
  92. Pollack, T.A. (2010). Strategic Information Systems Planning. Paper presented at the Proceedings of ASCUE. google scholar
  93. Porter, M.E. (1980). Competitive Strategy. New York: The Free Press. google scholar
  94. Porter, M.E. (1987). From Competitive Advantage to Corporate Strategy. In Readings in Strategic Management (pp. 234-255). Palgrave, London. google scholar
  95. Prieto, V.C., & de Carvalho, M.M. (2018). Can internal strategic alignment influence performance? An empirical research applying structural equation modelling. AcademiaRevistaLatinoamericana de Adminıstracion, 31(3), 585-604. google scholar
  96. Rao, S.S. (2000). Enterprise Resource Planning: Business Needs and Technologies. Journal: Industrial Management & Data Systems, 100(2), 81-88. google scholar
  97. Reich, B.H., & Benbasat, I. (1996). Measuring the Linkage between Business and Information Technology Objectives. MIS Quarterly, 20(1), 55-81. google scholar
  98. Reich, B.H., & Benbasat, I. (2000). Factors that Influence the Social Dimensions of Alignment Between Business and Information Technology Objectives. MIS Quarterly, 24(1), 81-113. google scholar
  99. Sabherwal, R., & Chan, Y.E. (2001). Alignment between Business and IS Strategies: A Study of Prospectors, Analyzers, and Defenders. Information Systems Research, 12(1), 11-34. Copyright (2001), the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences, 7240 Parkway Drive, Suite 300, Hanover, Maryland 21076 USA. google scholar
  100. Sabherwal, R., Sabherwal, S., Havakhor, T., & Steelman, Z. (2019). How does strategic alignment affect firm performance? The roles of information technology investment and environmental uncertainty. MIS Quarterly, 43(2), 453-474. google scholar
  101. Sadrzadehrafiei, S., Chofreh, A.G., Hosseini, N.K., & Sulaiman, R. (2013). The benefits of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system implementation in dry food packaging industry. Procedia Technology, 11, 220-226. google scholar
  102. Segev, E. (1989). A Systematic Comparative Analysis and Synthesis of Two Business-Level Strategic Typologies. Strategic Management Journal, 10(5), 487-505. google scholar
  103. Shukla, S., Agarwal, S., & Shukla, A. (2012). Trends in cloud-ERP for SMB’s: A review. International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, 1(1), 7-11. google scholar
  104. Singh, S., Darwish, T.K., & Potocnik, K. (2016). Measuring organizational performance: A case for subjective measures. British Journal ofManagement, 27(1), 214-224. google scholar
  105. Siswanto, J., & Utomo, A.P. (2008). ERP System Selection Model for Low Cost NGN Phone Company. International Journal of Electronic Business Management, 6(3), 153-160. google scholar
  106. Sobel, M.E. (1982). Asymptotic Intervals for Indirect Effects in Structural Equations Models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological Methodology (pp. 290-312). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. google scholar
  107. Stefanou, C. (2001). A Framework for the Ex-Ante Evaluation of ERP Software. European Journal of Information Systems, 10(4), 204. google scholar Tallon, P.P., & Pinsonneault, A. (2011). Competing Perspectives on the Link between Strategic Information Technology Alignment and Organizational Agility: Insights from a Mediation Model. MIS Quarterly, 35(2), 463-486. google scholar
  108. Taskin, N., Verville, J., & Keskin, T. (2014). Strategic alignment of enterprise systems and business strategies under systems and bivariate approaches. In 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 4034-4043). google scholar
  109. Tian, J., Wang, K., Chen, Y., & Johansson, B. (2009). From IT Deployment Capabilities to Competitive Advantage: An Exploratory Study in China. Information Systems Frontiers. 12(3), 239-255. google scholar
  110. Umble, E.J., Haft, R.R., & Umble, M.M. (2003). Enterprise Resource Planning: Implementation Procedures and Critical Success Factors. European Journal of Operational Research, 146(2), 241-257. google scholar
  111. Uysal, M. P., & Cetinkaya, E. (2021). Information technology governance practices, challenges and effects on enterprise performance. Acta Infologica, 5(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.26650/acin.832561 google scholar
  112. Venkatraman, N. (1989). Strategic Orientation of Business Enterprises: The Construct, Dimensionality, and Measurement. Management Science, 35(8), 942-963. google scholar
  113. Venkatraman, N. (1985). Strategic Orientation of Business Enterprises: The Construct and its Measurement (Management) University of Pittsburgh]. google scholar
  114. Vij, S., & Bedi, H.S. (2016). Are subjective business performance measures justified? International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 66(5), 603-621. google scholar
  115. Ward, J., & Peppard, J. (2002). Strategic Planning for Information Systems (3rd Edition ed.): John Wiley and Sons Ltd. google scholar
  116. Weill, P., & Broadbent, M. (1998). Leveraging the New Infrastructure: How Market Leaders Capitalize on Information Technology. Boston: Harvard University Press. google scholar
  117. Weill, P., & Olson, M. (1989). Managing Investment in Information Technology - Mini Case Examples and Implications. MIS Quarterly, 13(1), 3-17. google scholar
  118. Wiedemann, A., Wiesche, M., Gewald, H., & Krcmar, H. (2020). Understanding how DevOps aligns development and operations: a tripartite model of intra-IT alignment. European Journal of Information Systems, 29(5), 458-473. google scholar
  119. Wu, S. P.-J., Straub, D.W., & Liang, T.-P. (2015). How information technology governance mechanisms and strategic alignment influence organizational performance. MIS Quarterly, 39(2), 497-518. google scholar
  120. Yuliansyah, Y., & Jermias, J. (2018). Strategic performance measurement system, organizational learning and service strategic alignment: Impact on performance. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 34(4), 564-592. google scholar