Journals / Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports / 2026 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

Severe Pancytopenia Induced by Methotrexate in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient

Romatoid Artrit Hastasında Metotreksat Kaynaklı Şiddetli Pansitopeni

Müge Özgüler(SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ELAZIĞ FETHİ SEKİN ŞEHİR SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ)0000-0002-2689-7931
Alper Koç(SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ELAZIĞ FETHİ SEKİN ŞEHİR SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ)0000-0003-0844-2658
Hakan Ayyıldız(SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ELAZIĞ FETHİ SEKİN ŞEHİR SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ)0000-0002-3133-9862
Pages
44–47
Publication Date
2025-03-28
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Laboratory results indicated severe pancytopenia (WBC: 1.1 × 10⁹/L, RBC: 2.75 x 1012/L, PLT: 9 × 10⁹/L).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting approximately 1% of the global population, with a higher prevalence in women.
📊
Key Findings & Data:A 74-year-old female patient with RA presented with fever, oral ulcers, weakness, and difficulty swallowing.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Laboratory results indicated severe pancytopenia (WBC: 1.1 × 10⁹/L, RBC: 2.75 x 1012/L, PLT: 9 × 10⁹/L).
🔬Design:Olgu Sunumu
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Metotreksat toksisitesi · pansitopeni · romatoid artrit

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting approximately 1% of the global population, with a higher prevalence in women. Methotrexate (MTX), a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), is commonly used in RA treatment. However, improper or unsupervised use can lead to severe hematological toxicities, including pancytopenia. A 74-year-old female patient with RA presented with fever, oral ulcers, weakness, and difficulty swallowing. Physical examination revealed ecchymotic skin lesions and candidal plaques in the oral cavity. Laboratory results indicated severe pancytopenia (WBC: 1.1 × 10⁹/L, RBC: 2.75 x 1012/L, PLT: 9 × 10⁹/L). Methotrexate intoxication was suspected. The patient received supportive treatment, including folate supplementation, Filgrastim for neutropenia, platelet apheresis, and erythrocyte transfusion. Scattergram analysis revealed marked alterations in neutrophil and eosinophil populations. Following treatment, hematological parameters normalized, but neutrophil volume changes persisted, suggesting a prolonged bone marrow effect of MTX. This case highlights the importance of routine complete blood count monitoring, including scattergram analysis, in RA patients receiving DMARD therapy. Laboratories should consider adjusting CBC measurement protocols in cases of suspected drug-induced pancytopenia to enhance diagnostic accuracy and early detection of hematological toxicity.

Özet

Romatoid artrit (RA), dünya nüfusunun yaklaşık %1'ini etkileyen ve kadınlarda daha sık görülen sistemik bir otoimmün hastalıktır. Metotreksat (MTX), hastalığı modifiye edici antirheumatik bir ilaç (DMARD) olarak RA tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılır. Ancak, yanlış veya denetimsiz kullanımı ciddi hematolojik toksisiteler, özellikle pansitopeni ile sonuçlanabilir. Yetmiş dört yaşında romatoid artritli kadın hasta; ateş, oral ülserler, halsizlik ve yutma güçlüğü şikayetleriyle başvurdu. Fizik muayenesinde ekimotik deri lezyonları ve oral kavitede kandidal plaklar tespit edildi. Laboratuvar testlerinde ağır pansitopeni saptandı (WBC: 1.1 × 10⁹/L, RBC: 2.75 × 10¹²/L, PLT: 9 × 10⁹/L). Metotreksat intoksikasyonu şüphesi üzerine hastaya folat takviyesi, nötropeni için filgrastim, trombosit aferezi ve eritrosit transfüzyonu içeren destekleyici tedavi uygulandı. Scattergram analizi, nötrofil ve eozinofil popülasyonlarında belirgin değişiklikler gösterdi. Tedavi sonrası hematolojik parametreler normale döndü, ancak nötrofil hacim değişiklikleri devam ederek MTX’in kemik iliği üzerindeki uzun süreli etkisini düşündürdü. Bu vaka, DMARD tedavisi alan RA hastalarında rutin tam kan sayımı izleminin, özellikle scattergram analizinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Laboratuvarlar, ilaç kaynaklı pansitopeni şüphesi olan olgularda tam kan sayımı ölçüm protokollerini ayarlayarak hematolojik toksisitenin erken tanı ve tespitini artırmayı göz önünde bulundurmalıdır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Özgüler, M., Koç, A., Ayyıldız, H. (2025). Severe Pancytopenia Induced by Methotrexate in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 44–47. https://doi.org/10.33706/jemcr.1634492

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (11)

  1. Ding Q, Hu W, Wang R, Yang Q, Zhu M, Li M, et al. Signalingpathways in rheumatoidarthritis: implicationsfortargetedtherapy. SignalTransductTargetTher. 2023;8(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01331-9.
  2. Up To Date. Methotrexate drug information. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/methotrexate-drug-information?search=metotreksat&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~148&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F194514. Accessed [11.11.2024].
  3. Emmanuel D, Parija SC, Jain A, Misra DP, Kar R, Negi VS. Persistent eosinophilia in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective observational study. Rheumatol Int. 2019 Feb;39(2):245-253.
  4. Savolainen HA, Leirisalo-Repo M. Eosinophilia as a side-effect of methotrexate in patients with chronic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2001;20:432-4.
  5. Aristizabal-Alzate A, Nieto-Rios JF, Ocampo-Kohn C, Serna-Higuita LM, Bello-Marquez DC, Zuluaga-Valencia GA. Successful multiple-exchange peritoneal dialysis in a patient with severe hematological toxicity by methotrexate: case report and literature review. J BrasNefrol. 2019;41(3):427-432.
  6. Lim AY, Gaffney K, Scott DG. Methotrexate-induced pancytopenia: serious and under-reported? Our experience of 25 cases in 5 years. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005;44:1051-5.
  7. Cancelliere N, Barranco P, Vidaurrázaga C, Benito DM, Quirce S. Subacute prurigo and eosinophilia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving infliximab and etanercept. J Investig Allergol ClinImmunol. 2011;21:248-9.
  8. Poliak N, Orange JS, Pawel BR, Weiss PF. Eosinophilic fasciitis mimicking angioedema and treatment response to infliximab in a pediatric patient. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011;106:444-5.
  9. Morrisroe K, Wong M. Drug-induced hypereosinophilia relatedt o tocilizumab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54:2113-4.
  10. Demirel A, Kirnap M. Romatoid artrit tedavisinde geleneksel ve güncel yaklaşımlar (Traditional and up-to-date treatment in rheumatoid arthritis). J Health Sci. 2010;19(1):74-84. 11. Fraenkel L, Bathon JM, England BR, StClair EW, Arayssi T, Carandang K, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 Jul;73(7):924-939. doi: 10.1002/acr.24596.
  11. Demirel A, Kirnap M. Romatoid artrit tedavisinde geleneksel ve güncel yaklaşımlar (Traditional and up-to-date treatment in rheumatoid arthritis). J Health Sci. 2010;19(1):74-84.