Journals / Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports / 2026 / Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2

Severe Prilocaine-induced Methemoglobinemia after Perianal Infiltration in an Undiagnosed Anemic Adult

Ahmet Aksakal(Emergency Medicine Service, Muğla Training and Research Hospital)0000-0002-4424-9401
Yalcin Golcuk(MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-8530-8607
Ahmet Talha Öztürk(MUGLA SITKI KOCMAN UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF MEDICINE)0009-0008-0825-8387
Mustafa İnan(MUGLA SITKI KOCMAN UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF MEDICINE)0009-0002-0417-8044
Cem Abacı(MUGLA SITKI KOCMAN UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF MEDICINE)0009-0002-4078-0294
Pages
57–60
Publication Date
2026-06-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

This case highlights a high-risk triad of mucosal prilocaine use, weight-based overdose, and unrecognized anemia, underscoring the need for strict dosing vigilance, early consideration of dyshemoglobinemia, and timely antidotal therapy in the ED.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Methemoglobinemia is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening cause of tissue hypoxia in the emergency Department (ED), often presenting with a characteristic mismatch between low pulse oximetry readings and normal arterial oxygen tension.
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Key Findings & Data:Prilocaine is a well-recognized trigger due to its oxidizing metabolite o-toluidine, and risk is further amplified when high volumes are infiltrated into highly vascular mucosal sites.
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Conclusion & Impact:This case highlights a high-risk triad of mucosal prilocaine use, weight-based overdose, and unrecognized anemia, underscoring the need for strict dosing vigilance, early consideration of dyshemoglobinemia, and timely antidotal therapy in the ED.
🔬Design:Olgu Sunumu
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Methemoglobinemi · Prilokain / advers etkiler · Metilen Mavisi / tedavi amacıyla kullanım

Abstract

Methemoglobinemia is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening cause of tissue hypoxia in the emergency Department (ED), often presenting with a characteristic mismatch between low pulse oximetry readings and normal arterial oxygen tension. Prilocaine is a well-recognized trigger due to its oxidizing metabolite o-toluidine, and risk is further amplified when high volumes are infiltrated into highly vascular mucosal sites. We describe a 30-year-old woman who presented to the ED one hour after external hemorrhoidectomy under local anesthesia with sudden-onset weakness, dizziness, and marked central and peripheral cyanosis. She had received 800 mg of prilocaine (≈11.4 mg/kg) and 15 mg of bupivacaine via perianal infiltration. On arrival, she was hemodynamically stable but had SpO₂ 75% on room air, unresponsive to oxygen. Arterial blood gas revealed pH 7.41, PaO₂ 110 mmHg, and lactate 3.8 mmol/L; co-oximetry showed MetHb 38%. Laboratory tests demonstrated microcytic iron-deficiency anemia (Hb 7.3 g/dL). Intravenous methylene blue 100 mg (≈1.4 mg/kg) was administered over 5 minutes with rapid clinical improvement; MetHb fell to 15% at 6 hours and 6.5% at 24 hours without evidence of hemolysis. This case highlights a high-risk triad of mucosal prilocaine use, weight-based overdose, and unrecognized anemia, underscoring the need for strict dosing vigilance, early consideration of dyshemoglobinemia, and timely antidotal therapy in the ED.

Özet

Methemoglobinemi, acil serviste karşılaşılan ve doku hipoksisine yol açabilen nadir ancak potansiyel olarak yaşamı tehdit eden bir durumdur. Genellikle düşük pulse oksimetre değerleri ile normal arteriyel oksijen gerilimi arasındaki karakteristik uyumsuzlukla kendini gösterir. Prilokain, oksitleyici metaboliti o-toluidin nedeniyle iyi bilinen bir tetikleyicidir ve özellikle yüksek hacimlerin yoğun vaskülarize mukozal bölgelere infiltre edilmesi bu riski artırır. Bu yazıda, lokal anestezi altında dış hemoroidektomiden bir saat sonra ani başlayan güçsüzlük, baş dönmesi ve belirgin santral ve periferik siyanoz ile acil servise başvuran 30 yaşında bir kadın olgu sunulmaktadır. Hastaya perianal infiltrasyon yoluyla 800 mg prilokain (≈11,4 mg/kg) ve 15 mg bupivakain uygulanmıştı. Acile gelişinde hemodinamik olarak stabil olmasına rağmen oda havasında SpO₂ değeri %75 olup oksijene yanıt vermiyordu. Arter kan gazında pH 7,41, PaO₂ 110 mmHg ve laktat 3,8 mmol/L saptandı; ko-oksimetride MetHb seviyesi %38 idi. Laboratuvar incelemeleri mikrositik demir eksikliği anemisini (Hb 7,3 g/dL) gösterdi. Hastaya intravenöz 100 mg metilen mavisi (≈1,4 mg/kg) 5 dakikada uygulandı ve hızlı klinik düzelme sağlandı; MetHb seviyesi 6 saatte %15’e, 24 saatte %6,5’e geriledi ve hemoliz bulgusu izlenmedi. Bu olgu, mukozal prilokain kullanımı, kilo bazlı doz aşımı ve fark edilmemiş anemi üçlüsünün yüksek riskli kombinasyonunu ortaya koymakta; acil serviste doz titizliği, dishemoglobinemi olasılığının erken düşünülmesi ve zamanında antidot tedavisinin önemini vurgulamaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Aksakal, A., Golcuk, Y., Abacı, C. (2026). Severe Prilocaine-induced Methemoglobinemia after Perianal Infiltration in an Undiagnosed Anemic Adult. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 57–60. https://doi.org/10.33706/jemcr.1836513

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