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Journals / Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

Toxicity of Propylene Oxide Alone and Combined with Low Pressure or Carbon Dioxide on the Life Stages of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera)

Propilen Oksitin Tek Başına ve Düşük Basınç veya Karbondioksit ile Birlikte Plodia interpunctella Hübner'in (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) Yaşam Evreleri Üzerindeki Toksisitesi

Yeter Küçüktopcu(Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü)0000-0002-2104-5764
Ali Arda Işıkber(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü)0000-0003-1213-3532
Pages
1–8
Publication Date
2026-01-07
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

According to the results of lethal concentration tests, it was determined that PO showed different toxicity against the life stages of P. interpunctella.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:The primary objective of this research was to explore the viability of employing propylene oxide (PO) as an alternative fumigant to methyl bromide for effectively and rapidly controlling Plodia interpunctella infestations.
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Key Findings & Data:To this end, laboratory bioassays were carried out to determine the toxicity levels—Lethal Concentration50 (LC50) and Lethal Concentration90 (LC90)—of PO under three conditions: normal pressure (PO alone), low pressure of 100 mm Hg (PO + vacuum), and in the presence of 92% CO2 (PO + CO2) against all developmental stages of P. interpunctella (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults) for short exposure time (4 hours).
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Conclusion & Impact:According to the results of lethal concentration tests, it was determined that PO showed different toxicity against the life stages of P. interpunctella.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Propilen oksit · Fumigant · Plodia interpunctella

Abstract

The primary objective of this research was to explore the viability of employing propylene oxide (PO) as an alternative fumigant to methyl bromide for effectively and rapidly controlling Plodia interpunctella infestations. To this end, laboratory bioassays were carried out to determine the toxicity levels—Lethal Concentration50 (LC50) and Lethal Concentration90 (LC90)—of PO under three conditions: normal pressure (PO alone), low pressure of 100 mm Hg (PO + vacuum), and in the presence of 92% CO2 (PO + CO2) against all developmental stages of P. interpunctella (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults) for short exposure time (4 hours). The results of the lethal concentration tests indicated that the most toxic treatment against all biological stages of P. interpunctella was the combination of PO and vacuum, followed by the PO + CO2 combination and PO alone treatment. Compared to the toxicity values with PO alone treated, there was a significant reduction in LC90 values ranging from 2.07 to 4.04 times for all biological stages of P. interpunctella when PO was treated under vacuum. In the case of the PO+CO2 combination, there was also a notable decrease in LC90 values ranging from 1.24 to 1.95 times. Toxicity data revealed a significantly higher reduction in LC90 values with the PO + vacuum compared to PO+CO2 treatment and suggests a synergistic effect of the combination of PO with 100 mm Hg vacuum and 92% CO2 on biological stages of P. interpunctella. According to the results of lethal concentration tests, it was determined that PO showed different toxicity against the life stages of P. interpunctella. As a result of the study, in general, P. interpunctella larvae and pupae were the most resistant to PO alone, PO + vacuum, and PO + CO2 treatments, while P. interpunctella adults and eggs were the most sensitive. When exposed to PO alone for 4 hours, the order of tolerance between life stages at LC90 was found to be pupa > larva > adult > egg. The results of the study revealed that PO could be a promising alternative fumigant for rapid control of insect contamination. However, further research and testing in real-storage conditions will be essential to validate the practical viability of implementing PO-based fumigation on a larger scale.

Özet

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, metil bromide alternatif olarak propilen oksit (PO)'in Plodia interpunctella'nın hızlı ve etkili kontrolü için potansiyel kullanımını araştırmaktır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma çerçevesinde PO'un üç farklı koşullar altındaki [normal atmosfer basınçta (yalnız PO), 100 mm Hg düşük basınç (PO + vakum) ve %92 CO2 atmosferinde (PO + CO2)] P. interpunctella'nın tüm biyolojik evreleri (yumurta, larva, pupa ve ergin) üzerindeki toksisite değerlerine [Lethal konsantrasyon50 (LC50) ve Lethal konsantrasyon90 (LC90)] belirlenmesine yönelik laboratuvar çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Lethal konsantrasyon testleri sonuçlarına göre, P. interpunctella'nın tüm biyolojik evrelerine yönelik en yüksek toksisite PO + vakum kombinasyonunda bulunurken, bunu sırasıyla PO + CO2 kombinasyonu ve yalnızca PO uygulaması izlemiştir. PO + vakum kombinasyonunda; PO'nun tek başına uygulanmasıyla karşılaştırıldığında, P. interpunctella'nın tüm yaşam evreleri için LC90 değerinde %2.07 ile %4.04 kat arasında değişen bir azalma olurken, PO + CO2 kombinasyonunda ise %1.24 ile %1.95 kat arasında değişen bir azalma olduğu saptanmıştır. LC90 değerindeki azalmanın PO + vakum uygulamasında PO+CO2 uygulamasına göre daha belirgin olduğu ve düşük basınç (100 mm Hg) ve yüksek karbondioksit içeriğinin (%92 CO2) PO'nun P. interpunctella'ya karşı toksisitesi üzerinde sinerjistik bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Lethal konsantrasyon testleri sonuçlarına göre, PO'nun P. interpunctella’nın yaşam evrelerine karşı farklı toksisite gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda, genel olarak P. interpunctella larva ve pupaları tek başına PO, PO + vakum ve PO + CO2 uygulamalarına karşı en dayanıklı dönemler olurken, en hassas dönemlerin ergin ve yumurtalarının olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dört saat boyunca tek başına PO'ya maruz bırakıldığında LC90'daki yaşam evreleri arasındaki tolerans sırasının pupa> larva > ergin> yumurta şeklinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, PO'nun böcek kontaminasyonunda hızlı kontrol için umut verici bir alternatif fumigant olabileceğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ancak, bu uygulamaların pratikte kullanılabilirliğini kesinleştirmek ve ticari ölçekte uygulanabilirliğini belirlemek için daha büyük ölçekli denemelere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Küçüktopcu, Y., Işıkber, A. A. (2026). Toxicity of Propylene Oxide Alone and Combined with Low Pressure or Carbon Dioxide on the Life Stages of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera). Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1385156

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