Journals / Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2

Determination of Quality Characteristics of Numerous Different Origin Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Seed Genotypes Grown with Good Agricultural Practices under Ankara Conditions

Ankara Koşullarında İyi Tarım Uygulamaları ile Yetiştirilen Çok Sayıda Farklı Kökenli Çörek Otu (Nigella sativa L.) Genotiplerinin Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Çiğdem Bozdemir(Ankara Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü)0000-0002-8719-6565
Serkan Uranbey(ANKARA UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE)0000-0002-0312-8099
Pages
346–364
Publication Date
2026-03-16
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results indicate that the USDA-Egyptian population (No. 26) exhibited an average fixed oil content of 34.8%-33.5% in 2019 and 2020, with the highest rate reaching 38.9%.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:In this study; during the spring vegetation period of 2019-2020, fixed and essential oil ratios, their components and, oil yield were determined in 31 black cumin genotypes at advanced yield level, developed by phenotypic recurrent selection method, under in Ankara ecological, fertilizer-free and pesticide-free growing conditions.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In the two-year evaluation, significant differences were seen between the lines.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The results indicate that the USDA-Egyptian population (No. 26) exhibited an average fixed oil content of 34.8%-33.5% in 2019 and 2020, with the highest rate reaching 38.9%.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2019-2020 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Çörek otu (Nigella sativa L.) · Uçucu yağ · Sabit yağ

Abstract

In this study; during the spring vegetation period of 2019-2020, fixed and essential oil ratios, their components and, oil yield were determined in 31 black cumin genotypes at advanced yield level, developed by phenotypic recurrent selection method, under in Ankara ecological, fertilizer-free and pesticide-free growing conditions. Fixed oil ratio is determined by the solvent extraction method in the soxhlet device; Its components were determined by gas chromatography. The amount of thymoquinone was determined according to the UV spectrum (PDA). In the two-year evaluation, significant differences were seen between the lines. The results indicate that the USDA-Egyptian population (No. 26) exhibited an average fixed oil content of 34.8%-33.5% in 2019 and 2020, with the highest rate reaching 38.9%. Additionally, the oil yield average from the Burdur genotype (No. 4) was 13.2 kg da-1 -12.3 kg da-1, and the highest oil yield recorded was 17.5 kg da-1. Analysis of fixed oil components over the years revealed linoleic acid as a major component at 52.4%, 56.3% and 54.3%, oleic acid at 23.2%, 24.8% and 24.0%, palmitic acid at 10.4%, 12.2% and 11.3%, and stearic acid at 4.3%, 3.2% and 3.7%, respectively. Essential oil results showed variations ranging from 0.01% to 0.08%, with thymoquinone (54.4%-83.1%), p-Cimen (1.0%-16.4%), cis-4-Methoxy thujane (1.8%-5.8%), and longifolene (0.5%-8.5%) identified as the primary components. These results obtained from the study and the high-quality characteristics (ratio and yield) of the naturally grown black cumin plant, reveal the positive impact of good agricultural practices. In addition, the lines that stand out as a result of the research can be used in hybridization studies and can be safely evaluated as a new, multipurpose potential product for pharmaceutical, industrial, and cosmetic uses.

Özet

Bu çalışmada; 2019-2020 yıllarının ilkbahar vejetasyon döneminde, Ankara ekolojik koşullarında, fenotipik tekrarlamalı seleksiyon metoduyla geliştirilen ileri verim kademesindeki 31 çörek otu genotipinin gübresiz ve ilaçsız yetiştirme koşullarında sabit ve uçucu yağ oranları, bunların bileşenleri ve yağ verimi belirlenmiştir. Sabit yağ oranı, soxhelet cihazında solvent ekstraksiyonu yöntemiyle; bileşenleri, gaz kromatografisiyle belirlenmiştir. Timokinon miktarı ise UV spektrumuna (PDA) göre tespit edilmiştir. İki yıllık değerlendirmede, hatlar arasında önemli farklılıklar görülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda, sabit yağın 2019 ve 2020 deneme yılları ortalaması sırasıyla %34.8-%33.5 ve ortalama en yüksek sabit yağ oranı %38.9 ile 26 numaralı USDA-Mısır popülasyonundan; yağ verimi ise yıllar itibariyle sırasıyla ortalama 13.2 kg da-1-12.3 kg da-1 ve ortalama en yüksek yağ verimi 17.5 kg da-1 ile 4 numaralı Burdur genotipinden elde edilmiştir. 2019-2020 ve birleşik yıl deneme ortalamasına göre sabit yağın majör bileşenlerinden linoleik asit yıllar itibariyle sırasıyla ortalama %52.4, %56.3 ve %54.3; oleik asit %23.2, %24.8, %24.0; palmitik asit %10.4, %12.2, %11.3; stearik asit %4.3, %3.2 ve %3.7 olarak belirlenmiştir. Tek yıllık uçucu yağ sonuçlarına göre uçucu yağ oranı %0.01-0.08 arasında değişmiş ve uçucu yağın ana bileşenleri timokinon (%54.4-83.1), p-Simen (%1.0-16.4), cis-4-Metoksi tuyan (% 1.8-5.8) ve longifolen (% 0.5-8.5) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bu sonuçlar ve doğal (organik) yetiştirilen çörek otu bitkisinin kalite özelliklerinin (oransal ve verim) yüksek olması, üretimde sürdürülebilirlik açısından iyi tarım uygulamaları/organik tarımın olumlu etkisini ortaya koymuştur. Araştırma sonucunda öne çıkan hatlar melezleme çalışmalarında kullanılabilmenin yanı sıra, farmasötik, endüstriyel ve kozmetik kullanımlar için yeni, çok amaçlı potansiyel bir ürün olarak güvenle değerlendirilebilecektir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Bozdemir, Ç., Uranbey, S. (2026). Determination of Quality Characteristics of Numerous Different Origin Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Seed Genotypes Grown with Good Agricultural Practices under Ankara Conditions. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 346–364. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1451126

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (55)

  1. Acıbuca, V. and Bostan Budak, D. (2018). Place and importance of medicinal and aromatic plants in the world and Türkiye. Çukurova Journal of Agricultural and Food Sciences, 33(1): 37-44. (In Turkish)
  2. Ahmed, R. M., Rashid, A. J. M., Mahmood, B. J. and Ahmad, K.R. (2024). Response of two black cumin species to foliar organic fertilization under semi-arid conditions. Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 22(1): 197-216.
  3. Akgül, A. (1993). Spice Science and Technology. Food Technology Association Publications, No: 15, 451 p., Ankara, Türkiye. (In Turkish)
  4. Akhtar, M. and Javed, I. (1991). Efficacy of Nigella sativa Linn. seeds against Moniezia infection in sheep. Indian Veterinary Journal 68: 726-729.
  5. Al-Jassir, M.S. (1992). Chemical composition and microflora of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds growing in Saudi Arabia. Food Chemistry, 45(4): 239-242.
  6. Al-Naqeeb, G., İsmail, M. and Al-Zubairi, A. (2009). Fatty acid profile, alpha-tocopherol content and total antioxidant activity of oil extracted from Nigella sativa seeds. International Journal of Pharmacology, 5(4): 244-250.
  7. Amin, S., Mir, SR., Kohli, K., Babar, A. and Mohd, A. (2010). A study of chemical composition of black cumin oil and its effect on penetration enhancement from transdermal formulations. National Product Research, 24 (12): 1151-1157.
  8. Anil Kumar, G. S., Umesha, K., Vishnuvardhana, S. M. and Shankarappa, T.H. (2021). Influence of elicitors in enhancing the fixed oil content and yield of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Pharma Innovation Journal, 10(1): 559-562.
  9. Anonymous (2023). Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat). www.tuik.gov.tr (Accessed Date: 27.12.2023) Arslan, N., Javani, M.and Taher, M. (2015). Good agricultural practices in cultivation of medicinal plants. Turkey Seed Growers Association (TÜRKTOB), 4(16): 32-38. (In Turkish)
  10. Bölükbaşı Aktaş, Ş. C., Erhan, M. K. and Ürüşan, H. (2009). The effects of suplementation of Nigella sativa oil on performance and egg fatty acid composition during the late laying period in hens. Journal of Tekirdağ Agricultural Faculty, 6(3): 283-297. (In Turkish)
  11. Boyraz, N. and Özcan, M. (1997). Antifungal effects of some Turkish spice extracts and essential oils on plant pathogen fungi. The Journal of Food, 22 (6): 457-462. (In Turkish)
  12. Bozdemir, Ç., Bahtiyarca Bağdat, R., Subaşı, İ., Akçi, N. and Çinkaya, N. (2022). Determination of yield and quality characteristics of various genotypes of black cumin (Nigella Sativa L.) cultivated through without fertilizers. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 5(3): 386-406.
  13. Budak, E., Yiğit, Ş., Aşkın, A. K., Akça, İ. and Saruhan, İ. (2022). Determination of the Insecticidal Effects of Some Essential Oils on Macrosiphum rosae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 19(1): 101-107.
  14. Bulca, S. (2014). The composition of black cumin and use of black cumin and other essential oils as antioxidant in food technology. Journal of Adnan Menderes University Agricultural Faculty, 11(2): 29-36. (In Turkish)
  15. Ceylan, A. (1997). Medicinal Plants (Essential Oil Plants) II. Ege University Faculty of Agriculture Publications, İzmir, Türkiye. (In Turkish)
  16. D’Antuono, I., Filippo Moretti, A. and Lovato Antonio, F. S. (2002). Seed yield, yield components, oil content and essential oil content and composition of Nigella sativa and Nigella damascena. Industrial Crops and Products, 15(1): 59-69.
  17. Durmaz, N. and Kara, N. (2023). The effect of some seed pretreatments on yield and quality traits in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Turkish Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(1): 9-14.
  18. Ekren, S. and Koç, A. (2024). The effect of different organomineral and inorganic composite fertilizers on yield and some yield components with quality parameters in black cumin. ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8(2): 346-361.
  19. El Deen, E. and Ahmed, T. (1997). Influence of plant distance and some phosphorus fertilization sources on black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) plants. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28(2): 39-56.
  20. Farhan, N., Salih, N. and Salimon, J. (2021). Physiochemical properties of Saudi Nigella sativa L. (‘Black cumin’) seed oil. Ocl, 28: 11.
  21. Geren, H., Bayram, E. and Ceylan, A. (1997). Effect of Different Sowing Times and Phosphorus Fertiliser Application on Yield and Quality of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.). 2nd Field Crops Congress of Türkiye, 22-25 September, P. 376-380, Samsun, Türkiye.
  22. Ghamarnia, H. and Jalili, Z. (2013). Water stress effects on different black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) components in a semi-arid region. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production. 4(4): 753-762.
  23. Gharby, S., Harhar, H., Guillaume, D., Roudani, A., Boulbaroud, S., Ibrahimi, M., Ahmad, M., Sultana, S., Hadda, T., Chafchaouni-Moussaoui I. and Charrouf, Z. (2015). Chemical investigation of Nigella sativa L. seed oilproduced In Morocco. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 14(2): 172-177.
  24. Ghiyasi, M., Amirnia, R. and Fazelimanesh, M. (2017). Improving yield and quality of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) organic fertiliser extract foliar application approach. Oxidation Communications, 40(3): 1254-1264.
  25. Gholinezhad, E. and Abdolrahimi, B. (2014). The investigation of oil yield of three varieties of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) in different plant densities. International Journal of advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 2(4): 919-930.
  26. Gordon, M. H. (2001). The Development of Oxidative Rancidity in Foods. In: Antioxidants in Food: Practical Applications, Ed(s): Pokorný, J., Yanishlieva, N. and Gordon, M., Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, U. K.
  27. Gülhan, M. F. and Taner, S. (2020). Determination of yield, chemical content and antioxidant capacity of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) at different planting times in Aksaray ecological condition. Ejons International Journal on Mathematics, Engineerıng and Natural Sciences, 4(15): 475-488. (In Turkish)
  28. Hosseini, S. S., Rezadoost, H., Nadjafi, F. and Asareh, M. H. (2019). Comparative essential oil composition and fatty acid profiling of some Iranian black cumin landraces. Industrial Crops and Products, 140: 111628.
  29. Kabir, Y., Akasaka-Hashimoto, Y., Kubota, K. and Komai, M. (2020). Volatile compounds of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds cultivated in Bangladesh and India. Heliyon, 6(10): e05343.
  30. Kalaycı, M. Z. (2016). Conventional or Complementary Medicines or Products Authorisation (Positive Plant List): Ministry of Agriculture or Ministry of Health? Semposium on The Regulation of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Products (TÜBA-The Turkish Academy of Sciences), 9 December, 100-114, Ankara, Türkiye. (In Turkish)
  31. Kamçı, G. (2019). Determination of the effect of sowing time and irrigation on yield and quality characteristics in black cumin (Nigella sativa l.). (MSc. Thesis). Dicle University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Field Crops, Diyarbakır, Türkiye.
  32. Karer, Ş. and Beyzi, E. (2022). Effects of sowing rate and humic acid applications on some important yield and quality parameters of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Journal of Erciyes Agriculture and Animal Science, 5(2): 84-90.
  33. Karık, Ü. and Tunçtürk, M. (2019). Production, trade and future perspective of medicinal and aromatic plants in Türkiye. Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 29: 154-163.
  34. Kıralan, M. (2006). Effects of nettle (Urtica dioica L.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), coriander (Coiıandrum Sativum L.) and black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds extracts on oxidative stability of sunflower oil. (MSc. Thesis). Ankara University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Food Engineering, Ankara, Türkiye.
  35. Kıralan, M., Özkan, G., Bayrak, A. and Ramadan, M. F. (2014). Physicochemical properties and stability of (Nigella sativa) seed oil as affected by different extraction metods. Industrial Crops and Products, 57: 52-58.
  36. Lutterodt, H., Luther, M., Slavin, M., Yin, J. J., Parry, J., Gao J. M. and Yu, L. (2010). Fatty asitprofile, thymoquinone content, oxidative stability, and antioxidant properties cold pressed black cumin seed oils. LWT-Food Sciences Technology, 43(9): 1409-1413.
  37. Maghoub, S. A., Ramadan, M. F. and El-Zahar, K. M. (2013). Cold pressed Nigella sativa, oil inhibits the growth of foodborne pathogens and improves the quality of of domiati cheese. Journal of Food Safety, 33(4): 470-480.
  38. Mathe, A. and Turgut, K. (2023). Introduction to Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Türkiye. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Türkiye (pp.1-30), Zürich: Springer, London, Berlin, Germany.
  39. Matthaus, B. and Özcan, M. M. (2011). Fatty acids, tocopherol and sterol contents of some Nigella species seed oil. Czech Journal of Food Science, 29(2): 145-150.
  40. Muhammad, A. G., Ahmad R. M. and Muhammad, K. E. (2017). Response of growth, yield and oil content of two black seed species to nitrogen fertilizer in sulaimani district euphrates. Journal of Agriculture Science, 9(4): 18-52.
  41. Nickavar, B., Mojab, F., Javidni, K. and Amoli, M. A. R. (2003). Chemical composition of the fixed and volatile oils of Nigella sativa L. from Iran. Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C: Journal of Biosciences, 58(9-10): 629-631.
  42. Özdemirel, F. and Kaçar, O. (2021). Determination of agricultural characteristics and fixed oil ratios of different originated black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) genotypes grown in Bursa ecological conditions. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University, 35(1): 13-31. (In Turkish)
  43. Palabıyık, G. and Aytaç, Z. (2018). Chemical composition of the fixed and essential oils of Nigella sativa L. from Türkiye. Current Perspectives on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 1(1): 19-27.
  44. Ramadan M. F. and Mörsel, J. T. (2002). Characterization of phospholipid composition of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed oil. Nahrung, 46(4): 240-244.
  45. Ramadan, M. F. (2007). Nutritional value, functional properties and nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) oilseeds: An overview. International Journal of Food Sciences and Technology, 42(10): 1208-1218.
  46. Rchid, H., Nmila, R., Bessiere, J. M., Sauvaire, Y. and Chokairi, M. (2004). Volatile components of Nigella damascena L. and Nigella sativa L. seeds. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 16(6): 585-587.
  47. Rooney, S. and Ryan, M. F. (2005). Effects of alpha-hederin and thymoquinone, constituents of Nigella sativa, on human cancer cell lines. Anticancer Research, 25(3B): 2199-2204.
  48. Sağlık, A. (2020). The effect of different organic fertilizer applications on yield and quality in black cumin (Nigella sativa l.) plant growed in Çukurova conditions. (MSc. Thesis). Çukurova University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Field Crops, Adana, Türkiye.
  49. Salem, M. L. (2005). Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigella sativa L. seed. International Immunopharmacology, 5(13-14): 1749-1770.
  50. Shah, S. H. (2007). Influence of combined application of nitrogen and kinetin on nutrient uptake and productivity of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(2): 403-406.
  51. Thilakarathna, R. C. N., Madhusankha, G. D. M. P. and Navaratne, S. B. (2018). Determination of composition of fatty acid profile of Ethiopian and Indian black cumin oil (Nigella sativa). International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 3(3): 1-3.
  52. Toma, C. C., Simu, G. M., Hanganu, D., Olah, N., Vata, F. M. G., Hammami, C. and Hammami, M. (2013). Chemical composition of the tunisian Nigella sativa. note II. profile on fatty oil. Farmacia, 61(3): 454-458.
  53. Türker, L. and Bayrak, A. (1997). Investigation of fixed and essential oil composition of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Standard, 36(430): 128-137. (In Turkish)
  54. Yiğitbaşı, H. H. (2019). The investigation on yield and some quality characteristics of black cumin (Nigella spp.) species. (MSc. Thesis). Selçuk University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Field Crops, Konya, Türkiye.
  55. Yılmaz, G., Bıyık, N. and Dökülen, Ş. (2020). The determination of performances of selected some black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) populations on Niksar conditions. Türkiye 13th National, I. International Field Crops Congress, 1-5 December, P. 186-193, Isparta, Türkiye. (In Turkish)