SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3

Characterization of Volatile Compounds in Flowers of the Oleaster Tree (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) from The Van Region, Türkiye

Van Bölgesi (Türkiye) İğde Ağacı (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) Çiçeklerindeki Uçucu Bileşiklerin Karakterizasyonu

Yakup Polat(Çukurova Üniversitesi)0000-0002-5831-8199
Şevket Alp(VAN YÜZÜNCÜ YIL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-9552-4848
Sıddık Keskin(VAN YÜZÜNCÜ YIL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-9355-6558
Nesibe Ebru Kafkas(ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-3412-5971
Pages
1059–1077
Publication Date
2026-05-22
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings also emphasize the ecological and cultural value of Oleaster, supporting its conservation and sustainable utilization in landscaping, traditional medicine, and aromatic product industries.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study investigates the volatile compounds in the flowers of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. from the Van province of Türkiye using Headspace Solid Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPME) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).
📊
Key Findings & Data:The objective was to identify and compare the volatile profiles of 12 different genotypes of this plant to assess differences in aroma.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The findings also emphasize the ecological and cultural value of Oleaster, supporting its conservation and sustainable utilization in landscaping, traditional medicine, and aromatic product industries.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:İğde ağacı · Kentsel yeşil alanlar · Koku peyzajı

Abstract

This study investigates the volatile compounds in the flowers of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. from the Van province of Türkiye using Headspace Solid Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPME) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The objective was to identify and compare the volatile profiles of 12 different genotypes of this plant to assess differences in aroma. The results revealed the presence of 67 volatile compounds, including 6 aliphatic aldehydes, 2 aromatic aldehydes, 9 aliphatic alcohols, 3 aromatic alcohols, 19 aliphatic esters, 5 aromatic esters, 8 ketones, and 15 terpenes. Esters, which are the main contributors to the sweet and fruity fragrance, ranged from 19.09% to 87.65% across the genotypes. Genotype 8 exhibited the highest ester content (87.65%), producing a strong sweet aroma, while genotype 9 had the lowest ester content (19.09%). Aldehydes, contributing to fresh and sharp notes, were most abundant in genotype 3 (59.54%) and least in genotype 7 (5.35%). Alcohols were highest in genotype 11 (11.6%) and lowest in genotype 7 (2.75%). Ketones, which add complexity and longevity to the fragrance, were highest in genotype 1 (8.18%), while genotype 10 had no detectable ketones. Terpenes were found in smaller amounts, with genotype 5 having the highest content (8.18%) and genotype 9 the lowest (2.12%). These chemical differences among the genotypes highlight the potential for selecting specific genotypes for ornamental and medicinal applications. This study provides a foundation for breeding programs and the development of fragrance and pharmaceutical products from Oleaster. Furthermore, the clear variation in key aroma-contributing compounds suggests that certain genotypes may be particularly suitable for use in urban green spaces where pleasant and persistent floral scents are desirable. The findings also emphasize the ecological and cultural value of Oleaster, supporting its conservation and sustainable utilization in landscaping, traditional medicine, and aromatic product industries.

Özet

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Van ilinde toplanan Elaeagnus angustifolia L. çiçeklerindeki uçucu bileşikleri Headspace Katı Faz Mikro Ekstraksiyonu (HS-SPME) ve Gaz Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektrometrisi (GC/MS) kullanarak incelemektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, bu bitkinin 12 farklı genotipine ait uçucu bileşik profillerini belirlemek ve aroma özellikler bakımından ortaya çıkan farklılıkları değerlendirmektir. Analizler sonucunda 67 uçucu bileşik tespit edilmiştir. Bu bileşikler; 6 alifatik aldehit, 2 aromatik aldehit, 9 alifatik alkol, 3 aromatik alkol, 19 alifatik ester, 5 aromatik ester, 8 keton ve 15 terpen olmak üzere çeşitli kimyasal gruplara ayrılmıştır. Tatlı ve meyvemsi kokunun başlıca belirleyicileri olan esterler genotipler arasında %19.09 ile %87.65 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek ester içeriği genotip 8’de (%87.65) bulunmuş olup bu genotip güçlü bir tatlı aroma sergilemiştir; en düşük ester içeriği ise genotip 9’da (%19.09) belirlenmiştir. Taze ve keskin koku notalarına katkı sağlayan aldehitler en yüksek genotip 3’te (%59.54), en düşük genotip 7’de (%5.35) saptanmıştır. Alkoller genotip 11’de (%11.6) ile en yüksek, genotip 7’de (%2.75) ile en düşük seviyede görülmüştür. Kokuya karmaşıklık ve kalıcılık kazandıran ketonlar genotip 1’de (%8.18) ile en yüksek düzeyde olup genotip 10’da keton tespit edilmemiştir. Terpenler ise daha düşük oranlarda bulunmuş; en yüksek genotip 5’te (%8.18), en düşük genotip 9’da (%2.12) olarak belirlenmiştir. Genotipler arasındaki bu kimyasal farklılıklar, süs bitkisi ve tıbbi kullanım açısından uygun genotiplerin seçilmesi için önemli bir potansiyel ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma, iğde türüne yönelik ıslah programları ile koku ve farmasötik ürün geliştirme çalışmalarına bilimsel bir temel sunmaktadır. Ayrıca, aroma oluşturan temel bileşiklerdeki belirgin varyasyon, bazı genotiplerin hoş ve kalıcı çiçek kokusunun arzu edildiği kentsel yeşil alanlarda kullanım için özellikle uygun olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bulgular, iğdenin ekolojik ve kültürel değerini vurgulamakta; peyzaj düzenlemeleri, geleneksel tıp ve aromatik ürün endüstrilerinde korunması ve sürdürülebilir kullanımına destek sağlamaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Polat, Y., Alp, Ş., Keskin, S., Kafkas, N. E. (2026). Characterization of Volatile Compounds in Flowers of the Oleaster Tree (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) from The Van Region, Türkiye. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 1059–1077. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1827384

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (23)

  1. Alp, Ş. and Çığ, A. (2022) Investigation of Oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) as an Ornamental Plant in the Scope of Landscape Architecture Studies”, ISPEC 10th International Conference on Agriculture, Animal Science and Rural Development, 18-19 July, Sivas, Turkey.
  2. Anonymous (2025a) The Good Scents Company. Ethyl cinnamate. (Accesed Date: 25.05.2025) http://www.thegoodscents company.com/data/rw1032131.html
  3. Anonymous (2025b) National Center for Biotechnology Information. Ethyl cinnamate. PubChem. (Accesed Date: 25.05.2024) https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ethyl-cinnamate
  4. Anonymous (2025c) European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (2010). Report on the PPR Stakeholder Workshop on Protection Goals for Environmental Risk Assessment of Pesticides‐What and where to protect? EFSA Supporting Publications, 7(7): 1672.
  5. Aslan Öz, M. N. and Velioglu, M. (2024). Determination of Antioxidant and Antimycotic Properties of Essential Oils of Rosemary and Basilicum Collected from Balıkesir Region. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 21(3): 783-794. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1378455
  6. Bartha, D. and Csiszár, A. (2008). Russian olive. The most important invasive plants in Hungary. Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Botany, 85-93.
  7. Burdock, G. A. (2016). Fornaroli’s Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. CRC press.
  8. Esmaeili, A. and Niknam, S. (2013). Characterization of nanocapsules containing Elaeagnus angustifolia L. extract prepared using an emulsion–diffusion process. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 28(5): 309-315.
  9. Farzaei, M. H., Bahramsoltani, R., Abbasabadi, Z. and Rahimi, R. (2015). A comprehensive review on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 67(11): 1467-1480.
  10. Gökduman, M. E. and Yılmaz, D. (2025). Design of Lavender Harvesting Machine and Development of Prototype. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 22(4): 880-895. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1505712
  11. Göral, M. E. (2024) Determination of phenotyps of Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) growing on Van Yüzüncü Yıl University campus and evaluation of its use in landscape architecture. (MSc. Thesis) Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Natural and Applied Sciences Institute, Van, Türkiye.
  12. Hamidpour, R., Hamidpour, S., Hamidpour, M., Shahlari, M., Sohraby, M., Shahlari, N. and Hamidpour, R. (2017). Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.): From a variety of traditional medicinal applications to its novel roles as active antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and analgesic agent. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 7(1): 24-29.
  13. Incilay, G. (2014). Volatile composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of different parts from Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 17(6): 1187-1202.
  14. Kafkas, E., Kafkas, S., Koch-Dean, M., Schwab, W., Larkov, O., Lavid, N. and Lewinsohn, E. (2005). Comparison of methodologies for the identification of aroma compounds in strawberry. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 29(5): 383-390.
  15. Khan, S. U., Khan, A. U., Shah, A. U. H. A., Shah, S. M., Hussain, S., Ayaz, M. and Ayaz, S. (2016). Heavy metals content, phytochemical composition, antimicrobial and insecticidal evaluation of Elaeagnus angustifolia. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 32(1): 154-161.
  16. Lanciotti, R., Corbo, M. R., Gardini, F., Sinigaglia, M. and Guerzoni, M. E. (1999). Effect of hexanal on the shelf life of fresh apple slices. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47(11): 4769-4776.
  17. Liu, Z., Ding, D., Cui, H., Wang, C., Liu, J., Chen, L. and Geng, G. (2021). A Study on the Volatile Compounds in Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Flowers During Flowering Season by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Advanced Chemometrics. Journal of Food Quality, 2021(1): 7111120.
  18. Qiao, H. J., Yang, J. T., Yang, X., Zhao, L. B. and Li, T. H. (2011). GC-MS analysis of chemical composition of volatile oil from flowers of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Food Science, 32(16): 233-5.
  19. Saboonchian, F., Jamei, R. and Sarghein, S. H. (2014). Phenolic and flavonoid content of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (leaf and flower). Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 4(4): 231.
  20. Thürkow, F., Lorenz, C. G., Pause, M. and Birger, J. (2024). Advanced detection of invasive neophytes in agricultural landscapes: a multisensory and multiscale remote sensing approach. Remote Sensing, 16(3): 500.
  21. Toci, A. T., Crupi, P., Gambacorta, G., Dipalmo, T., Antonacci, D. and Coletta, A. (2012). Free and bound aroma compounds characterization by GC‐MS of Negroamaro wine as affected by soil management. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 47(9): 1104-1112.
  22. Torbati, M., Asnaashari, S. and Afshar, F. H. (2016). Essential oil from flowers and leaves of Elaeagnus angustifolia (Elaeagnaceae): Composition, radical scavenging and general toxicity activities. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 6(2): 163.
  23. World Health Organization. (1998). Regulatory Situation of Herbal Medicines: A Worldwide Review. Yiğit, V. B., Çınar, F., Evren, C., Uğur, M. B., and Özdemir, Y. (2015). Odor identification test for Turkish society. KBB Uygulamaları, 3(3): 91-96.