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Journals / The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat / 2026 / Volume: 35 Issue: 1

Radioprotective Effect of Apigenin on the Submandibular Gland of Irradiated Rats

Bekir Büyükçelik(Isparta City Hospital, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery)0000-0002-3620-2443
Mustafa Tüz(Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery)0000-0002-7680-7105
Özlem Özmen(Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology)0000-0002-1835-1082
Yusuf Çağdaş Kumbul(Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery)0000-0002-0713-2933
Mehmet Emre Sivrice(Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery)0000-0002-2396-6794
Hasan Yasan(Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery)0000-0002-5470-6784
Erdoğan Okur(Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery)0000-0003-4384-840X
Vural Akın(Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery)0000-0002-0050-4837
Pages
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Publication Date
2025-03-28
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It has been shown that apigeninDMSO solution decreases TNFα levels, immunohistochemically.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: We aimed to investigate the radioprotective effects of apigenin on the submandibular gland of rats in this study.
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Key Findings & Data:Material and Methods: Four experimental groups were composed of 10 rats in each group.
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Conclusion & Impact:It has been shown that apigeninDMSO solution decreases TNFα levels, immunohistochemically.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Apigenin · Radiotherapy · Submandibular Gland

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to investigate the radioprotective effects of apigenin on the submandibular gland of rats in this study. Material and Methods: Four experimental groups were composed of 10 rats in each group. Rats in Group 1 were administered radiotherapy solely and administered no drug. Apigenin dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at a dose of 25 mg/kg 48 h before radiotherapy administration to Group 2. In Group 3, only 1.66 ml/kg of DMSO was given intraperitoneally. Group 4 did not receive radiotherapy, and apigenin dissolved in DMSO was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 25 mg/kg. Intraperitoneal drug admin istrations were performed simultaneously in all groups, and all rats were sacrificed 48 h after radiotherapy administration. Existence of necrosis, acinar damage, ductal damage, vacuolisation, and TNFα expression were scored as 0,1,2,3. Results: As a result of the statistical analyses, it was observed that Group 2 was significantly protected compared to Group 1 in terms of necrosis, acinar damage and vacuolisation (p values: 0.004, 0.003, 0.001, respectively). Similarly, TNFα expression was also significantly decreased (p<0.001). In comparisons between Groups 1 and 3, there was no significant difference in terms of necrosis and acinar damage (p values: 0.328, 0.325, respectively), while the difference between the two groups was significant in terms of vacuolisation and TNFα expression (p values: 0.005, 0.02, respectively). Conclusion: Apigenin was found to be an effective radioprotectant agent in terms of preventing necrosis, acinar damage and vacuolisation, histopathologically. It has been shown that apigeninDMSO solution decreases TNFα levels, immunohistochemically.

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Cite This Article

Büyükçelik, B., Tüz, M., Özmen, Ö., Kumbul, Y. Ç., Sivrice, M. E., Yasan, H., Okur, E., Akın, V. (2025). Radioprotective Effect of Apigenin on the Submandibular Gland of Irradiated Rats. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat, Volume: 35 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.26650/Tr-ENT.2025.1588521

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