Journals / TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni / 2014 / Cilt: 13 - Sayı: 5

Fetal Programming of Obesity: Maternal Obesity and Excessive Weight Gain

Obezitenin Fetal Programlanması: Maternal Obezite ve Aşırı Ağırlık Kazanımı

Pages
427–434
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this review article, the effects of maternal body weight and weight gain on fetal development, newborn birth weight and risk of obesity were evaluated, and additionally potential mechanisms that can explain the effects of fetal over-nutrition on the risk of obesity were investigated.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The prevalence of obesity is an increasing health problem throughout the world.
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Key Findings & Data:Both maternal obesity and excessive weight gain increase the risks of excessive fetal weight gain and high birth weight.
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Conclusion & Impact:In this review article, the effects of maternal body weight and weight gain on fetal development, newborn birth weight and risk of obesity were evaluated, and additionally potential mechanisms that can explain the effects of fetal over-nutrition on the risk of obesity were investigated.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

The prevalence of obesity is an increasing health problem throughout the world. Maternal pre-pregnancy weight, maternal nutrition and maternal weight gain are among the factors that can cause childhood obesity. Both maternal obesity and excessive weight gain increase the risks of excessive fetal weight gain and high birth weight. Rapid weight gain during fetal period leads to changes in the newborn body composition. Specifically, the increase in body fat ratio in the early periods is associated with an increased risk of obesity in the later periods. It was reported that over-nutrition during fetal period could cause excessive food intake during postpartum period as a result of metabolic programming. By influencing the fetal metabolism and tissue development, maternal obesity and excessive weight gain change the amounts of nutrients and metabolites that pass to the fetus, thus causing excessive fetal weight gain which in turn increases the risk of obesity. Fetal over-nutrition and excessive weight gain cause permanent metabolic and physiologic changes in developing organs. While mechanisms that affect these organs are not fully understood, it is thought that the changes may occur as a result of the changes in fetal energy metabolism, appetite control, neuroendocrine functions, adipose tissue mass, epigenetic mechanisms and gene expression. In this review article, the effects of maternal body weight and weight gain on fetal development, newborn birth weight and risk of obesity were evaluated, and additionally potential mechanisms that can explain the effects of fetal over-nutrition on the risk of obesity were investigated.

Özet

Obezite tüm dünyada yaygınlığı giderek artan bir sağlık sorunudur. Gebelik öncesi maternal vücut ağırlığı, maternal beslenme ve maternal ağırlık kazanımı çocukluk çağı obezitesine neden olabilecek faktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Hem maternal obezite hem de aşırı ağırlık kazanımı, fetal aşırı ağırlık kazanımı ve yüksek doğum ağırlığı riskini artırmaktadır. Fetal dönemde hızlı ağırlık kazanımı yenidoğanın vücut bileşiminde değişikliklere neden olmaktadır. Erken dönemde özellikle vücut yağ oranındaki artış ilerleyen dönemlerde obezite riskinin artması ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Fetal dönemde aşırı beslenmenin metabolik programlanma sonucu doğum sonrası dönemde aşırı besin alımına neden olabileceği belirtilmektedir. Maternal obezite ve aşırı ağırlık kazanımı, fetal metabolizma ve doku gelişimini etkileyerek fetüse geçen besin ögeleri ve metabolitlerin miktarını değiştirmekte, fetal aşırı ağırlık kazanımına neden olmakta böylece obezite riskini artırmaktadır. Fetal aşırı beslenme ve ağırlık kazanımı gelişmekte olan organlarda kalıcı metabolik ve fizyolojik değişikliklere neden olmaktadır. Bu organları etkileyen mekanizmalar tam olarak anlaşılmasa da fetal enerji metabolizması, iştah kontrolü, nöroendokrin fonksiyonlar, adipoz doku kütlesi, epigenetik mekanizmalar ve gen ekspresyonunda oluşan değişiklikler sonucu ortaya çıkabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derleme yazıda maternal vücut ağırlığı ve ağırlık kazanımının fetal gelişim, yenidoğan doğum ağırlığı ve obezite riski üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiş, ayrıca fetal aşırı beslenmenin obezite riski üzerindeki etkisini açıklayan olası mekanizmalar araştırılmıştır.

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Cite This Article

KABARAN, S. (2014). Fetal Programming of Obesity: Maternal Obesity and Excessive Weight Gain. TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni, Cilt: 13 - Sayı: 5, 427–434. https://ajindex.com/articles/132624

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