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Journals / Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3

Concentration of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Surface Water and Sediment of the Nilufer Stream (2020-2021)

NİLÜFER ÇAYINDAKİ POLİKLORLU BİFENİLLERİN (PCB’LERİN) YÜZEYSEL SU VE SEDİMENTTEKİ KONSANTRASYONLARI (2020-2021)

Mehmet Ferhat Sari(İSTANBUL AREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-7114-7286
Fatma Esen(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi)0000-0002-1445-0868
Pages
865–882
Publication Date
2025-12-19
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results demonstrate that PCB pollution is closely related to environmental conditions and anthropogenic activities in Bursa and that toxicological monitoring is necessary, especially in urban-industrial areas.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:In this study, surface water and sediment samples were collected simultaneously from 7 different points in Bursa for one year to analyze PCB concentrations.
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Key Findings & Data:The sampling campaign, covering the period of October 2020 – September 2021, was carried out in monthly periods.
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Conclusion & Impact:The results demonstrate that PCB pollution is closely related to environmental conditions and anthropogenic activities in Bursa and that toxicological monitoring is necessary, especially in urban-industrial areas.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2020 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Bursa · Mekânsal dağılım · PCB

Abstract

In this study, surface water and sediment samples were collected simultaneously from 7 different points in Bursa for one year to analyze PCB concentrations. Surface water samples were collected in amber colored bottles, while sediment samples were collected using an Ekman grab, and the samples were transferred to dark glass bottles. The sampling campaign, covering the period of October 2020 – September 2021, was carried out in monthly periods. During this period, a total of 41 PCB ∑41PCB compounds were detected in the dissolved and particulate phases of surface water, as well as in the sediment. The mean values of the measured PCB concentrations were calculated as 53.8±54.7 ng/L, 92.8±59.3 ng/L, and 71.4±38.7 ng/g dry matter (DM), respectively. The highest PCB levels in the particulate phase were recorded in samples taken from industrial/agricultural areas (168.7±21.2 ng/L). The highest concentrations in the dissolved phase and sediment samples were determined as 163.8±27.0 ng/L and 145.7±15.3 ng/g DM in urban/agricultural areas, respectively. Total toxicity equivalence (TEQ) values calculated in sediment samples increased significantly, particularly in areas where urban and agricultural impacts coexist, demonstrating the dominance of indicator PCBs. Conversely, the sediment quality guideline coefficient (SQGC) values remained well below 1 at all sampling points, indicating that the sediments generally pose a low ecotoxicological risk. The results demonstrate that PCB pollution is closely related to environmental conditions and anthropogenic activities in Bursa and that toxicological monitoring is necessary, especially in urban-industrial areas.

Özet

Bu araştırmada, yüzey suyu ve sediment örnekleri, PCB konsantrasyonlarının analiz edilmesi amacıyla Bursa’daki 7 farklı noktalardan bir yıl boyunca eş zamanlı olarak toplanmıştır. Yüzey suyu örnekleri amber renkli cam şişelerle, sediment örnekleri ise Ekman kepçesi kullanılarak alınmış ve örnekler koyu renkli cam şişelere aktarılmıştır. Ekim 2020 – Eylül 2021 dönemini kapsayan örnekleme çalışması aylık periyotlarla yürütülmüştür. Bu süreçte, yüzey suyunun çözünmüş ve partikül fazlarında ve ayrıca sedimentte toplam 41 PCB (∑41PCB) bileşiği tespit edilmiştir. Ölçülen ∑41PCB konsantrasyonlarının ortalama değerleri sırasıyla 53,8±54,7 ng/L, 92,8±59,3 ng/L ve 71,4±38,7 ng/g kuru madde (KM) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Partikül fazdaki en yüksek PCB seviyeleri endüstriyel/tarımsal alanlardan alınan örneklerde (168,7±21,2 ng/L) kaydedilmiştir. Çözünmüş faz ile sediment örneklerindeki en yüksek konsantrasyonlar ise kentsel/tarımsal alanlarda sırasıyla 163,8±27,0 ng/L ve 145,7±15,3 ng/g KM olarak belirlenmiştir. Sediment örneklerinde hesaplanan toplam toksisite eşdeğerlilik (TEQ) değerleri, özellikle kentsel ve tarımsal etkilerin bir arada görüldüğü bölgelerde belirgin şekilde artış göstermiş ve indikatör PCB’lerin baskın olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Buna karşılık, sediment kalitesi kılavuz katsayısı (SKKK) değerlerinin tüm örnekleme noktalarında 1’in oldukça altında kalması, sedimentlerin genel olarak düşük ekotoksikolojik risk düzeyinde olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, PCB kirliliğinin Bursa’daki çevresel koşullar ve antropojenik faaliyetlerle yakından ilişkili olduğunu ve özellikle kentsel-endüstriyel bölgelerde toksikolojik açıdan izleme gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Sari, M. F., Esen, F. (2025). Concentration of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Surface Water and Sediment of the Nilufer Stream (2020-2021). Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3, 865–882. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1771057

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