SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Spiritual Psychology and Counseling / 2026 / Volume: 9 Issue: 1

The Mediating Role of Spiritual Well-Being in the Relationship Between Love of Life and General Psychological Health

Muhammed Furkan Tunç(ISTANBUL SABAHATTIN ZAIM UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-6370-1507
Durmuş Ümmet(MARMARA UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-8318-9026
Pages
—
Publication Date
2024-02-01
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

ANOVA (One-Way Analysis of Variance) statistics measured the significance between the love of life, general psychological health and spiritual well-being.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The main purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of spiritual well-being in the relationship between love of life and the general psychological health of individuals between the ages of 18-65.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The study group of the research consists of 329 people living in various provinces of Turkey.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:ANOVA (One-Way Analysis of Variance) statistics measured the significance between the love of life, general psychological health and spiritual well-being.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:General psychological health · Love of life · Mediation analysis

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of spiritual well-being in the relationship between love of life and the general psychological health of individuals between the ages of 18-65. The research was designed by the Relational Screening Model. In the study, love of life was determined as the independent variable, general psychological health as the dependent variable and spiritual well-being as the mediating variable. Hayes' PROCESS Model was used to test the model's accuracy established between dependent, independent and mediating variables. The study group of the research consists of 329 people living in various provinces of Turkey. Data collection tools include the consent form created by the researcher, demographic form, Love of Life Scale (LLS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). The Pearson Product Moment method was used in the study to examine the relationship between the two variables. In order to measure the relationship between love of life, general psychological health and spiritual well-being variables and demographic variables separately, an independent sample t-test applied. ANOVA (One-Way Analysis of Variance) statistics measured the significance between the love of life, general psychological health and spiritual well-being.

🔖

Cite This Article

Tunç, M. F., Ümmet, D. (2024). The Mediating Role of Spiritual Well-Being in the Relationship Between Love of Life and General Psychological Health. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, Volume: 9 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.37898/spiritualpc.1344691

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (68)

  1. Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2004). Love of life: A sub-component on the well-being construct: A cross-cultural study [Conference presentation]. International Cultural Psychiatry Conference, Melbourne, Australia.
  2. Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2007). Religiosity, happiness, health, and psychopathology in a probability sample of Muslim adolescents. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 10(6), 571-583. https://doi. org/10.1080/13674670601034547
  3. Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Lester, D. (2011). Love of life in Kuwaiti and American college students. Psychological Reports, 108(1), 94-94. https://doi.org/10.2466/07.17.PR0.108.1.94
  4. Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2013). Love of life and its association with personality dimensions in college students. The happiness compass: Theories, actions and perspectives for well-being, 53-65.
  5. Abdel-Khalek, A. M. & El Nayal, M. (2018). Love of life in nine developed and underdeveloped countries. BAU Journal-Health and Well-being, 1(3), 57.
  6. Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Singh, A. P. (2019). Love of life, happiness, and religiosity in Indian college students. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 22(8), 769-778. https://doi.org/10.1080/1 3674676.2019.1644303
  7. Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Zine El-Abiddine, F. (2019). Love of life in university students from Algeria. Journal of Psychological and Educational Sciences, 8(1), 141-154. https://doi.org/10. 1080/13674676.2019.1644303
  8. Aktürk, Ü., Erci, B., & Araz, M. (2017). Functional evaluation of treatment of chronic disease: Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Palliative & Supportive Care, 15(6), 684-692. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951517000013
  9. Al-Arja, N. (2018). Love of Life among Palestinian students in the West Bank and its relationship with selected variables. Psycho-Educational Research Reviews, 7(2), 30-38.
  10. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  11. Belek İ. (1999). Sosyal sınıf, eğitim, gelir ve mahalle: Hangisi sağlığın en önemli belirleyenidir? Antalya’da bir araştırma. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1-2): 49-74.
  12. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2013). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem Akademi.
  13. Cimete, G. (2002). Stress factors and coping strategies of parents with children treated by hemodialysis: A qualitative study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 17(4), 297-306. https://doi. org/10.1053/jpdn.2002.126712
  14. Cohen. S. & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310-357. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310
  15. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Steps in conducting a scholarly mixed methods study.
  16. Dadfar, M., Farid, A. A. A., Lester, D., Vahid, M. K. A., & Birashk, B. (2016). Effectiveness of death education program by methods of didactic, experiential, and 8A model on the reduction of death distress among nurses. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 5(7), 60-71.
  17. Dadfar, M., Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Lester, D. (2017). Psychometric characteristics of the Reasons for Death Fear Scale among Iranian nurses. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 4(4), 384-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2017.10.002
  18. Dadfar, M., Abdel‐Khalek, A. M., & Lester, D. (2020). Love of life and its association with well-being in Iranian psychiatric outpatients. Nursing Open, 7(6), 1861-1866. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.575
  19. Dadfar, M., Eslami, M., Mohaghegh, F., Lester, D., & Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2020). Love of life in Iranian clinical and non-clinical groups. The Mankind Quarterly, 61(1). https://doi.org/10.46469/ mq.2020.61.1.3
  20. Dadfar, M., Gunn III, J. F., Lester, D., & Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2021). Love of Life Model: Role of psychological well-being, depression, somatic health, and spiritual health. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 24(2), 142-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2020.1825360
  21. Diener, E., Suh, E., & Oishi, S. (1997). Recent findings on subjective well-being. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 25-41.
  22. Edmondson, A. C., & Lei, Z. (2014). Psychological safety: The history, renaissance, and future of an interpersonal construct. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav., 1(1), 23-43. https://doi. org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091305
  23. Fraenkel J. R. Wallen N. E. & Hyun H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Humanitie.
  24. Efron, B. (1987). Better bootstrap confidence intervals. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 82(397), 171-185. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1987.10478410
  25. Ekşi, H., Özkapu, D. E. ve Ümmet, D. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinde psikolojik kırılganlıkla öznel zindelik arasındaki ilişkide genel psikolojik sağlığın aracı rolü. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(5), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.526353
  26. El-Metwally, A., Javed, S., Razzak, H. A., Aldossari, K. K., Aldiab, A., Al-Ghamdi, S. H. et al. (2018). The factor structure of the general health questionnaire (GHQ12) in Saudi Arabia. BMC Health Services Research, 18, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3381-6
  27. Elkin, N. ve Barut, A. Y.(2017).Birailesağlığımerkezinebaşvuranbireyleringenelsağlıkanketine göre ruhsal durumlarının değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, (3), 221-238.
  28. Ellison, C. W. (1983). Spiritual well-being: Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 11(4), 330-338. https://doi.org/10.1177/009164718301100406 Fraenkel J. R. Wallen N. E. & Hyun H. (2015). How to design and evaluate research in education (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Humanitie.
  29. Frey, B. B., Daaleman, T. P., & Peyton, V. (2005). Measuring a dimension of spirituality for health research: Validity of the spirituality index of well-being. Research on Aging, 27(5), 556-577. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027505277847
  30. Gaskin-Wasson, A. L., Walker, K. L., Shin, L. J., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018). Spiritual well-being and psychological adjustment: mediated by interpersonal needs?. Journal of Religion and Health, 57, 1376-1391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0275-y George, L. K., Ellison, C. G., & Larson, D. B. (2002). Explaining the relationships between religious involvement and health. Psychological Inquiry, 13(3), 190-200. https://doi.org/10.1207/ S15327965PLI1303_04
  31. Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The Detection of Psychiatric Illness Goldberg, by Questionnaire. Oxford University Press.
  32. Goldberg, D. P. (1978). General Health Questionnaire-12. Australian Journal of Psychology.
  33. González-Sanguino, C., Ausín, B., Castellanos, M. Á., Saiz, J., López-Gómez, A., Ugidos, C., & Muñoz, M. (2020). Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 172-176. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.040
  34. Gottfried, E. D., & Christopher, S. C. (2017). Mental disorders among criminal offenders: A review of the literature. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 23(3), 336-346. https://doi. org/10.1177/1078345817716180
  35. Gravetter FJ, Forzano L-AB (2008). Research methods for the behavioural sciences. Wadsworth.
  36. Hair F. Jr, J., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & G. Kuppelwieser, V. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
  37. Hammond, C. (2004). Impacts of lifelong learning upon emotional resilience, psychological and mental health: Fieldwork evidence. Oxford Review of Education, 30(4), 551-568. https://doi.or g/10.1080/0305498042000303008
  38. Hayes, A. F., & Scharkow, M. (2013). The relative trustworthiness of inferential tests of the indirect effect in statistical mediation analysis: Does method really matter? Psychological Science, 24(10), 1918-1927. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613480187
  39. Helminiak, D. A. (2001). Treating spiritual issues in secular psychotherapy. Counseling and Values, 45(3), 163-189. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007X.2001.tb00196.x
  40. Hill, J. (2000). A rationale for the integration of spirituality into community psychology. Journal of Community Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(200003)28:2 3.0.CO;2-X
  41. Hu, N., Pan, S., Sun, J., Wang, Z., & Mao, H. (2020). Mental health treatment online during the COVID-19 outbreak. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 270, 783- 784. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-020-01129-8
  42. Kelleci M., Aştı N. ve Küçük L. (2003). Bir sağlık ocağına başvuran kadınların genel sağlık anketine göre ruhsal durumları. C.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 7(2):11-4.
  43. Keyes, C. L. (2002). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 207-222. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090197
  44. Kılıç C. (1996). Genel sağlık anketi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 7(1): 3-9.
  45. Kılıç, C, Rezaki, M, Rezaki, B, Kaplan, I, Ozgen, G.Sagduyu, A.vd. (1997). General Health Questionnaire (GHQ- 12 & GHQ- 28): The scales’ psychometric properties and factor structure in a Turkish care sample. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 32, 327- 331. https:// doi.org/10.1007/BF00805437
  46. Lee, E. T., Welty, T. K., Fabsitz, R., Cowan, L. D., Le, N. A., Oopik, A. J. et al. (1990). The strong heart study: A study of cardiovascular disease in American Indians: Design and methods. American Journal of Epidemiology, 132(6), 1141-1155. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115757
  47. Lépine, J. P., & Briley, M. (2011). The increasing burden of depression. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 7(1), 3-7. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S19617
  48. Milgram, N. A., & Atzil, M. (1988). Parenting stress in raising autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 18(3), 415-424. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02212196
  49. Miller, B. J., Paschall, C. B., & Svendsen, D. P. (2006). Mortality and medical comorbidity among patients with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 57(10), 1482-1487. https://doi. org/10.1176/ps.2006.57.10.1482
  50. Miller, L. J. (Ed.). (2013). The Oxford handbook of psychology and spirituality. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199729920.001.0001
  51. Moberg, D. O. (1984). Subjective measures of spiritual well-being. Review of Religious Research, 351-364. https://doi.org/10.2307/3511368
  52. Okyay P, Atasoylu G, Önde M, Dereboy Ç. ve Beşer E. (2012). Kadınlarda yaşam kalitesi anksiyete ve depresyon belirtilerinin varlığında nasıl etkileniyor? Kesitsel bir alan çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23(3), 178-188.
  53. Özdemir, H. ve Rezaki, M. (2007). General Health Questionnaire-12 for the detection of depression. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 18(1), 13-21.
  54. Özkan, B., Arguvanlı, S., Erten, Z. K. ve Ümit, S. E. (2013). 14 yaş ve üzeri bireylerin anksiyete ve genel sağlık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. ERÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 1-9.
  55. Peterman, A. H., Fitchett, G., Brady, M. J., Hernandez, L., & Cella, D. (2002). Measuring spiritual well-being in people with cancer: The functional assessment of chronic illness therapy— Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp). Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(1), 49-58. https:// doi.org/10.1207/S15324796ABM2401_06
  56. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Assessing mediation in communication research. London: The Sage sourcebook of advanced data analysis methods for communication research. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452272054.n2
  57. Rajan, S., McKee, M., Rangarajan, S., Bangdiwala, S., Rosengren, A., Gupta, R., Kutty, V. R., Wielgosz, A., Lear, S., AlHabib, K. F., Co, H. U., Lopez-Jaramillo, P., Avezum, A., Seron, P., Oguz, A., Kruger, I. M., Diaz, R., Nafiza, M. N., Chifamba, J., Yeates, K., Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study Investigators. (2020). Association of symptoms of depression with cardiovascular disease and mortality in low-, middle-, and high-ıncome countries. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(10), 1052–1063. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1351
  58. Rohde, G. E., Young, T., Winstanley, J., Arraras, J. I., Black, K., Boyle, F., Bredart, A., Costantini, A., Guo, J., Irarrazaval, M. E., Kobayashi, K., Kruizinga, R., Navarro, M., Omidvari, S., Serpentini, S., Spry, N., van Laarhoven, H., Yang, G., & Vivat, B. (2019). Associations between sex, age and spiritual well-being scores on the EORTC QLQ‐SWB32 for patients receiving palliative care for cancer: A further analysis of data from an international validation study. European Journal of Cancer Care, 28(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.13145
  59. Rias, Y. A., Rosyad, Y. S., Chipojola, R., Wiratama, B. S., Safitri, C. I., Weng, S. F., Yang, C. Y., & Tsai, H. T. (2020). Effects of spirituality, knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward anxiety regarding COVID-19 among the general population in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(12), 3798. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123798
  60. Sillick, W. J., & Cathcart, S. (2014). The relationship between religious orientation and happiness: The mediating role of purpose in life. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 17(5), 494-507. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2013.852165
  61. Spilka, B., Hood Jr, R. W., Hunsberger, B., & Gorsuch, R. (2003). The Psychology of Religion. Sullins, D. P. (2006). Gender and religion: Deconstructing universality, constructing complexity. American Journal of Sociology, 112(3), 838-880. https://doi.org/10.1086/507852
  62. Teixeira, C. F., & Pinto, I. C. D. M. (2023). Analysis of health surveillance models and strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 28, 1274-1274. https://doi. org/10.1590/1413-81232023285.01412023en
  63. Teo, Y. (2013). Support for deserving families: Inventing the anti-welfare familialist state in Singapore. Social Politics, 20(3), 387-406. https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxt004
  64. Turan, Y., Dadfar, M., Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Cikrikci, Ö. (2022). Love of life in Turkish students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mankind Quarterly, 62(3), 534-554. https://doi.org/10.46469/ mq.2022.62.3.8
  65. Varcolis, E. M. (1998). Foundations of psychiatric mental health nursing. Philadelphia.
  66. Walsh, Z., Gonzalez, R., Crosby, K., Thiessen, M. S., Carroll, C., & Bonn-Miller, M. O. (2017). Medical cannabis and mental health: A guided systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 51, 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.002
  67. World mental health report: Transforming mental health for all. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  68. Ziapour, A., Khatony, A., Jafari, F., & Kianipour, N. (2017). Prediction of the dimensions of the spiritual well-being of students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran: The roles of demographic variables. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 11(7). https:// doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/25114.10314