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Journals / Selcuk Dental Journal / 2026 / Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Effect of Preheating on Microhardness, Degree of Conversion, and Depth of Cure of Various Bulk-Fill Composites

Ön Isıtmanın Bulk-Fill Kompozitlerin Mikrosertlik, Monomer Dönüşüm Derecesi ve Polimerizasyon Derinliği Üzerine Etkisi

Zeynep Hale Keleş(İSTANBUL ATLAS ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-3793-4512
Berna Tarım(NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-3869-0193
Pages
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Publication Date
2024-04-26
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Conclusion: The results showed that the effect of preheating on the degree of conversion and depth of cure varied according to the material.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Background: This study aims to evaluate the effect of preheating on microhardness, degree of conversion, and depth of cure of bulk-fill composites (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill, SonicFill2) and a conventional composite (Tetric EvoCeram).
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Key Findings & Data:Methods: Layers of Tetric EvoCeram (2 mm), Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill (4 mm), and SonicFill2 (5 mm) were placed in 4-mm diameter molds and polymerized at room temperature or heated to 55oC for 10 s with a total number of 60 samples.
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Conclusion & Impact:Conclusion: The results showed that the effect of preheating on the degree of conversion and depth of cure varied according to the material.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:60 samples
⚙️Variables:Preheating · bulk-fill composite · degree of conversion

Abstract

Background: This study aims to evaluate the effect of preheating on microhardness, degree of conversion, and depth of cure of bulk-fill composites (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill, SonicFill2) and a conventional composite (Tetric EvoCeram). Methods: Layers of Tetric EvoCeram (2 mm), Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill (4 mm), and SonicFill2 (5 mm) were placed in 4-mm diameter molds and polymerized at room temperature or heated to 55oC for 10 s with a total number of 60 samples. Then, the top surfaces of samples were polished. 30 samples’ Vickers microhardness was measured from the top and bottom surfaces. The other 30 samples were pulverized into a fine powder, and the composites’ degree of conversion was measured with attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Obtained data were analyzed statistically with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The degree of conversion of Tetric EvoCeram was higher than the minimum rate of clinically acceptable value, which is 55%, but the scores of Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill and SonicFill2 were below the threshold. Preheating increased the degree of conversion of Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill and SonicFill2. In addition, preheating did not affect depth of cure of SonicFill2 but decreased the rate of Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill. Conclusion: The results showed that the effect of preheating on the degree of conversion and depth of cure varied according to the material. Keywords: Preheating, bulk-fill composite, degree of conversion, depth of cure, microhardness.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı ön ısıtma işleminin bulk-fill kompozitlerin (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill, SonicFill2) mikrosertlik, monomer dönüşüm derecesi ve polimerizasyon derinliği üzerine etkisini geleneksel bir kompozitle (Tetric EvoCeram) karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir. Gereç ve yöntemler: Kompozitler oda sıcaklığında veya 55 oC’ye ısıtılarak 4 mm çapında kalıplara Tetric EvoCeram 2 mm, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill 4 mm ve SonicFill2 5 mm derinliğinde yerleştirilerek LED ışık kaynağıyla 10 sn polimerize edilmişlerdir (n=5). Üst yüzeyleri cilalanan toplam 60 örneğin yarısının üst ve alt yüzeylerinden Vickers sertlik değerleri ölçülmüştür. Örneklerin diğer yarısı toz haline getirilmiş ve attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroskopisi ile monomer dönüşüm dereceleri ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir (p<0.05). Bulgular: Tetric EvoCeram’ın monomer dönüşüm derecesi klinik olarak kabul edilen minumum değer olan %55’den yüksek olup, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill and SonicFill2 bu değerin altında kalmıştır. Ön ısıtma işlemi Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill and SonicFill2’nin monomer dönüşüm derecesini artırmıştır. SonicFill2’nin polimerizasyon derinliği ön ısıtmadan etkilenmezken, ön ısıtma Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill’in polimerizasyon derinliğinde azalmaya neden olmuştur. Sonuç: Ön ısıtmanın monomer dönüşüm derecesi ve polimerizasyon derinliğine etkisi materyale bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Ön ısıtma, bulk-fill kompozit, monomer dönüşüm derecesi, polimerizasyon derinliği, mikrosertlik.

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Cite This Article

Keleş, Z. H., Tarım, B. (2024). Effect of Preheating on Microhardness, Degree of Conversion, and Depth of Cure of Various Bulk-Fill Composites. Selcuk Dental Journal, Volume: 11 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1219236

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