Journals / Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 47 Sayı: 3

An Evolving and Rare Entity: SMARCB1(INI-1)-Deficient Sinonasal Carcinoma

SMARCB1 (INI-1) Eksikliği olan Sinonazal Karsinom

Nuket Özkavruk Eliyatkın(İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Patoloji Anabilim Dalı)0000-0002-7784-5699
Zehra Ecem Ertepe Özer(Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Pathology Department, Izmir, Turkey)0009-0001-5283-0327
Nezahat Erdoğan(Izmir Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Radyology Department, Izmir, Turkey)0000-0003-0939-5080
Erdem Eren(Izmir Ecconomy University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Point Izmir Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Izmir, Turkey)0000-0003-4475-3250
Zeynep Güç(Izmir Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Medical Oncology Department, Izmir, Turkey)0000-0001-8960-2208
Pages
497–503
Publication Date
2025-05-02
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

We aimed to emphasize the importance of histopathological and immunohistochemical findings and to raise awareness of the presence of this entity.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity are rare.
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Key Findings & Data:With the developments in the field of molecular biotechnology, significant revisions have been made in The 2022 5th edition of the WHO Classification of the Head and Neck.
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Conclusion & Impact:We aimed to emphasize the importance of histopathological and immunohistochemical findings and to raise awareness of the presence of this entity.
🔬Design:Olgu Sunumu
📍Scope:2022 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Sinonasal carcinoma · SMARCB1 · INI-1

Abstract

Malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity are rare. These tumors constitute very few of all head and neck tumors. With the developments in the field of molecular biotechnology, significant revisions have been made in The 2022 5th edition of the WHO Classification of the Head and Neck. Tumors with the definition of new entities. SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex-deficient carcinomas, which have been included as a separate entity under the general heading of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas, consist of two major subtypes caused by the loss of one of the SWI/SNF complex genes; SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma and SMARCA4-deficient sinonasal carcinoma. The most common subtype is SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma. These tumors have been misdiagnosed as neuroendocrine carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma and teratocarcinoma in previous years according to our current knowledge. Histopathologically, uniform cytologic features and appearance mimicking many tumors make it difficult to diagnose especially in small biopsies. Correctly naming this high-grade malignancy within the scope of molecular classification is important for treatment planning. Optimal treatment approaches are also limited. Although there is a consensus on radical resection/surgery followed by adjuvant treatment, the order of treatment may vary between institutions. Agents such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and EZH2 inhibitors are among the new treatment options. In this report, we present a case of SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma according to the new molecular classification with recurrence at the age of 20. We aimed to emphasize the importance of histopathological and immunohistochemical findings and to raise awareness of the presence of this entity.

Özet

Paranazal sinüsler ve nazal kavitenin malign tümörleri nadirdir. Tüm baş-boyun tümörlerinin çok azını oluşturur. Moleküler biyoteknoloji alanındaki gelişmeler ile Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Baş ve Boyun Tümörleri 2022 yılı 5.baskısında yeni antitelerin tanımlanması ile önemli değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Sinonazal indiferansiye karsinomlar genel başlığı altında ayrı bir antite olarak yerini alan SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) kompleksi eksikliği olan karsinomlar SWI/SNF kompleks genlerinin birinin kaybı ile oluşan iki majör subtipten oluşmaktadır; SMARCB1-eksikliği olan sinonazal karsinom ve SMARCA4-eksikliği olan sinonazal karsinom. En yaygın subtip SMARCB1- eksikliği olan sinonazal karsinomdur. Bu tümörler önceki yıllarda nöroendokrin karsinom, kötü diferansiye karsinom, sinonazal indiferansiye karsinom, teratokarsinom gibi bugünkü bilgilerimize göre yanlış tanılar almıştır. Histopatolojik olarak uniform sitolojik özellikler ve birçok tümörü taklit eden görünüm özellikle küçük biyopsilerde tanı koymayı güçleştirmektedir. Yüksek dereceli olan bu maligniteyi moleküler sınıflama kapsamında doğru olarak isimlendirmek tedavi planlaması açısından önemlidir. Optimal tedavi yaklaşımları da sınırlıdır. Radikal rezeksiyon/cerrahi ve sonrasında adjuvan tedavi konusunda fikirbirliği olsa da tedavinin sırası kurumlar arasında değişebilmektedir. İmmun kontrol noktası inhibitörleri ve EZH2 inhibitörü gibi ajanlar da yeni tedavi seçenekleri arasındadır. Bu sunumda 20 yaşında nüks ile seyreden yeni moleküler sınıflamaya göre “SMARCB1- eksikliği olan sinonazaal karsinom” olgusu ile histopatolojik ve immunohistokimyasal bulguların önemini vurgulamak ve bu antitenin varlığının farkındalığını artırmak istedik.

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Cite This Article

Eliyatkın, N. Ö., Özer, Z. E. E., Erdoğan, N., Eren, E., Güç, Z. (2025). An Evolving and Rare Entity: SMARCB1(INI-1)-Deficient Sinonasal Carcinoma. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 3, 497–503. https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1583994

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