Journals / Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 48 Sayı: 6

Bacterial Profile and In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Adult Ear Discharge Cultures: A Retrospective ENT-Based Study

Erişkin Otitis Externada Mikrobiyolojik Profil ve Ampirik Topikal Florokinolon Tedavisine Yansımaları: Retrospektif Kültür Temelli Bir Çalışma

Semih Tokak(KTO KARATAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0003-2239-0014
Pages
1063–1071
Publication Date
2026-09-22
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These findings support culture-guided management in recurrent, refractory, or complicated cases, while ciprofloxacin resistance should be interpreted cautiously because systemic breakpoints may not directly predict topical treatment response..

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Ear discharge cultures are frequently obtained in routine ENT practice, particularly for suspected external ear canal infection or treatment-refractory otorrhea.
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Key Findings & Data:Adults aged ≥18 years who underwent ear swab culture sampling for ear discharge, suspected external ear canal infection, or suspected otorrhea between January 2020 and December 2025 were included.
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Conclusion & Impact:These findings support culture-guided management in recurrent, refractory, or complicated cases, while ciprofloxacin resistance should be interpreted cautiously because systemic breakpoints may not directly predict topical treatment response..
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2020 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Otitis eksterna · antimikrobiyal ilaç direnci · mikrobiyal duyarlılık testleri

Abstract

Ear discharge cultures are frequently obtained in routine ENT practice, particularly for suspected external ear canal infection or treatment-refractory otorrhea. This retrospective descriptive study aimed to describe bacterial isolate distribution and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in adult ear discharge cultures, with particular attention to fluoroquinolone susceptibility. Adults aged ≥18 years who underwent ear swab culture sampling for ear discharge, suspected external ear canal infection, or suspected otorrhea between January 2020 and December 2025 were included. Because detailed otoscopic findings, tympanic membrane status, and final clinical diagnoses were not uniformly available, the cohort was not restricted to strictly confirmed otitis externa. Repeated cultures and records with incomplete microbiological data were excluded. Bacterial identification and disk diffusion susceptibility testing were performed according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria. A total of 313 adults yielded 354 bacterial isolates. The most frequent isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (31.6%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.6%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci and other Gram-negative bacteria (each 13.0%). Among tested S. aureus isolates, oxacillin resistance indicating a methicillin-resistant S. aureus phenotype was detected in 43.2% (35/81), while all tested isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid. Among P. aeruginosa isolates, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance were 21.8% and 28.1%, respectively. These findings support culture-guided management in recurrent, refractory, or complicated cases, while ciprofloxacin resistance should be interpreted cautiously because systemic breakpoints may not directly predict topical treatment response..

Özet

Kulak akıntısı kültürleri, özellikle dış kulak yolu enfeksiyonu şüphesi veya tedaviye dirençli otore varlığında rutin KBB pratiğinde sık kullanılmaktadır. Bu retrospektif tanımlayıcı çalışmada, erişkin kulak akıntısı kültürlerinde bakteriyel izolat dağılımı ve in vitro antimikrobiyal duyarlılık paternlerinin, özellikle florokinolon duyarlılığı açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Ocak 2020 ile Aralık 2025 tarihleri arasında kulak akıntısı, dış kulak yolu enfeksiyonu şüphesi veya otore nedeniyle kulak sürüntü kültürü alınan 18 yaş ve üzeri erişkin hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Ayrıntılı otoskopik bulgulara, timpan membran durumuna ve nihai klinik tanılara tüm hastalarda standart olarak ulaşılamadığından kohort yalnızca kesin tanılı otitis eksterna olgularıyla sınırlandırılmadı. Tekrarlayan kültürler ve eksik mikrobiyolojik veriye sahip kayıtlar dışlandı. Bakteriyel tanımlama ve disk difüzyon duyarlılık testleri Avrupa Antimikrobiyal Duyarlılık Testi Komitesi (EUCAST) kriterlerine göre yapıldı. Toplam 313 erişkin hastadan 354 bakteriyel izolat elde edildi. En sık izolatlar Staphylococcus aureus (%31,6) ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa (%24,6) olup, bunları koagülaz-negatif stafilokoklar ve diğer Gram-negatif bakteriler izledi (her biri %13,0). Test edilen S. aureus izolatlarında metisiline dirençli S. aureus fenotipini gösteren oksasilin direnci %43,2 (35/81) oranında saptanırken, test edilen tüm izolatlar gentamisin, vankomisin, teikoplanin ve linezolide duyarlıydı. P. aeruginosa izolatlarında siprofloksasin ve levofloksasin direnci sırasıyla %21,8 ve %28,1 bulundu. Bulgular, tekrarlayan, tedaviye dirençli veya komplike olgularda kültüre dayalı yaklaşımı desteklemektedir; ancak siprofloksasin direnci, sistemik kırılma noktalarının topikal tedavi yanıtını doğrudan öngörmeyebileceği dikkate alınarak temkinli yorumlanmalıdır.

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Cite This Article

Karataş, H. A., Tokak, S. (2026). Bacterial Profile and In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Adult Ear Discharge Cultures: A Retrospective ENT-Based Study. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi, Cilt: 48 Sayı: 6, 1063–1071. https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1950742

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