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Journals / Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3

Biological Evaluation (Activities of Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Enzyme Inhibitory) and Phenolic Profile of Ruscus colchicus Aqueous Extract

Ruscus colchicus Sulu Ekstraktının Biyolojik Değerlendirmesi (Antioksidan, Antibakteriyal, Sitotoksik ve Enzim İnhibitör Aktiviteleri) ve Fenolik Profili

Ayça Aktaş Karaçelik(GIRESUN UNIVERSITY, ESPİYE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, DEPARTMENT OF FOOD PROCESSING)0000-0001-5381-2924
Semra Alkan Türkuçar(Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi)0000-0002-7763-3880
Fatma Yıldız(ALANYA ALAADDİN KEYKUBAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU)0000-0002-9270-9062
Derya Efe(GİRESUN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ESPİYE MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU)0000-0003-4230-6780
Mustafa Karaköse(GIRESUN UNIVERSITY, ESPİYE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL)0000-0003-0534-3996
Pages
1115–1130
Publication Date
2026-09-01
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These results provide valuable information that AERc has biological and pharmacological potential in the industries of food and pharmaceutical.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Türkiye is among the unique and important countries in the world in terms of plant genetic resources and diversity.
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Key Findings & Data:It is aimed to investigate the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant 2,2'-azinobis-(3- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•⁺), (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH•) radical scavenging, and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP)), antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity and bovine carbonic anhydrase (bCA) enzyme inhibitory effect of aqueous extract from R. colchicus cladodes (AERc) following the phenolic profile of this extract by LC-MS-MS.
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Conclusion & Impact:These results provide valuable information that AERc has biological and pharmacological potential in the industries of food and pharmaceutical.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Ruscus colchicus · Biyolojik aktivite · Fenolik bileşikler

Abstract

Türkiye is among the unique and important countries in the world in terms of plant genetic resources and diversity. Zirmek (Ruscus colchicus) plant is a species from the Asparagaceae family. It is aimed to investigate the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant 2,2'-azinobis-(3- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•⁺), (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH•) radical scavenging, and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP)), antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity and bovine carbonic anhydrase (bCA) enzyme inhibitory effect of aqueous extract from R. colchicus cladodes (AERc) following the phenolic profile of this extract by LC-MS-MS. Additionally, the antibacterial potential of AERc was investigated against six pathogenic bacteria. Six phenolic compounds (protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, siringic acid, 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, luteolin-7-glucoside, and rutin) were identified and quantified. The phenolic content of AERc was found to be 42.86 ± 2.86 GAE, μg/mL. DPPH•, ABTS•⁺, and FRAP antioxidant activities were determined as IC50: 0.0935 ± 0.0016 mg/mL, IC50: 0.0410 ± 0.0057 mg/mL, and 120.21 ± 2.82 μM TEAC, respectively. MIC values of AERc were 62.5 µg/mL for all the tested bacteria, but only 31.25 µg/mL for Escherichia coli. AERc exhibited carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ of 0.239 mg/mL, as reported for the first time in the present study. AERc showed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells. These results provide valuable information that AERc has biological and pharmacological potential in the industries of food and pharmaceutical.

Özet

ÖZET: Türkiye, bitki genetik kaynakları ve çeşitliliği açısından dünyanın eşsiz ve önemli ülkeleri arasında yer almaktadır. Zirmek (Ruscus colchicus) bitkisi, Asparagaceae familyasından bir türdür. Bu çalışmada, R. colchicus kladodlarından elde edilen sulu ekstraktın (AERc) fenolik profilinin LC-MS-MS ile incelenmesi ve bu ekstraktın toplam fenolik içeriğinin (TPC), antioksidan (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH•), 2,2'-azinobis-(3- 3-etilbenzotiyazolin-6-sülfonik asit) (ABTS•⁺) radikal temizleme ve demir indirgeyici/antioksidan gücü (FRAP)), antibakteriyel ve sitotoksik aktivitesi ile sığır karbonik anhidraz (bCA) enzim inhibitör etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, AERc’ nin altı patojen bakteriye karşı antibakteriyel aktivitesi araştırılmıştır. Altı fenolik bileşik (protokatekuik asit, kafeik asit, siringik asit, 4-Hidroksibenzoik asit, luteolin-7-glukozit ve rutin) tanımlandı ve miktarları belirlendi. Ekstraktın fenolik içeriği 42.86 ± 2.86 GAE, μg/mL olarak bulundu. DPPH•, ABTS•⁺ ve FRAP antioksidan aktiviteleri sırasıyla IC50: 0.0935 ± 0.0016 mg/mL, IC50: 0.0410 ± 0.0057 mg/mL ve 120.21 ± 2.82 μM TEAC olarak belirlendi. AERc’nin MİK değerleri test edilen tüm bakteriler için 62.5 µg/mL iken, Escherichia coli için yalnızca 31.25 µg/mL idi. Bu çalışmada ilk kez raporlanan AERc’nin bCA inhibisyon potansiyeli 0.239 mg/mL IC50 değeridir. AERc’nin MCF-7 hücre canlılığı üzerinde doza ve zamana bağlı sitotoksik etkilere sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, AERc’ nin gıda ve ilaç endüstrilerinde biyolojik ve farmakolojik potansiyel olarak kullanılabileceği konusunda değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Karaçelik, A. A., Türkuçar, S. A., Yıldız, F., Efe, D., Karaköse, M. (2026). Biological Evaluation (Activities of Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Enzyme Inhibitory) and Phenolic Profile of Ruscus colchicus Aqueous Extract. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 1115–1130. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1847292

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