Journals / Gazi University Journal of Science / 2026 / Volume: 39 Issue: 3

Investigation of Potential Antioxidant Properties of Some 1,2,4-Triazole Schiff Bases and Amine Derivatives by In Silico Methods

Işık Çakmak(KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-4758-4077
Nurhan Gümrükçüoğlu(Karadeniz Technical University)0000-0002-9669-6318
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-09-01
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The analyses revealed that several compounds exhibited binding affinity with the active site of PRDX5, suggesting their potential as effective antioxidant agents through PRDX5 interaction.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Schiff bases were compounds with a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant properties.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In this study, in silico studies were conducted using some 1,2,4-triazole Schiff bases and amine derivatives previously synthesized and analyzed for their in vitro antioxidant properties in terms of DPPH, ABTS, radical scavenging activities, and reducing power, with the aim of revealing their interaction patterns with target proteins.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The analyses revealed that several compounds exhibited binding affinity with the active site of PRDX5, suggesting their potential as effective antioxidant agents through PRDX5 interaction.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:ADME · Antioxidant · Molecular docking

Abstract

Schiff bases were compounds with a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant properties. In this study, in silico studies were conducted using some 1,2,4-triazole Schiff bases and amine derivatives previously synthesized and analyzed for their in vitro antioxidant properties in terms of DPPH, ABTS, radical scavenging activities, and reducing power, with the aim of revealing their interaction patterns with target proteins. The effects of these compounds on the human peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5) enzyme are not yet known. Therefore, using molecular docking, the potential interaction regions, binding energies, associated amino acid residues, and ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination) properties of these compounds with PRDX5 were investigated. The analyses revealed that several compounds exhibited binding affinity with the active site of PRDX5, suggesting their potential as effective antioxidant agents through PRDX5 interaction.

🔖

Cite This Article

Çakmak, I., Gümrükçüoğlu, N. (2026). Investigation of Potential Antioxidant Properties of Some 1,2,4-Triazole Schiff Bases and Amine Derivatives by In Silico Methods. Gazi University Journal of Science, Volume: 39 Issue: 3. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1703063

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (25)

  1. Raju, S. K., Settu, A., Thiyagarajan, A., Rama, D., Sekar, P., and Kumar, S., “Biological applications of Schiff bases: An overview”, GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 21(3): 203–215, (2022). DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2022.21.3.0484
  2. Kaushik, S., Paliwal, S. K., Iyer, M. R., and Patil, V. M., “Promising Schiff bases in antiviral drug design and discovery”, Medicinal Chemistry Research, 32(6): 1063–1076, (2023). DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03068-0
  3. Maluleka, M. M., and Mphahlele, M. J., “Synthesis, crystal structure, cytotoxicity (MCF-7 and HeLa) and free radical scavenging activity of the hydrazones derived from 2-methylsulfonyl-5-nitrobenzaldehyde”, Results in Chemistry, 12: 101896, (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101896
  4. Nicolussi, A., D'inzeo, S., Capalbo, C., Giannini, G., and Coppa, A. The role of peroxiredoxins in cancer (Review). Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 6, 139-153, (2017). DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1129.
  5. Elko, E. A., Cunniff, B., Seward,D. J., Chia, S. B., Aboushousha, R., van de Wetering, C., van der Velden, J., Manuel, A., Shukla, A., Heintz, N. H., Anathy, V., van der Vliet, A., and Janssen-Heininger, Y. M.W. ‘‘Peroxiredoxins and beyond; redox systems regulating lung physiology and disease’’, Antioxid Redox Signal, 31(14):1070-1091, (2019) DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7752
  6. Eweas, A. F., Maghrabi, I. A., and Namarneh, A. I., “Advances in molecular modeling and docking as a tool for modern drug discovery”, Der Pharma Chemica, 6(6): 211–228, (2014).
  7. Muteeb, G., Rehman, M. T., Shahwan, M., and Aatif, M., “Origin of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance, and their impacts on drug development: A Narrative Review”, Pharmaceuticals, 16(11): 1615, (2023). DOI: 10.3390/ph16111615
  8. Karabacak Atay, Ç., Tilki, T., and Dede, B., “Investigation of potential antibacterial properties of some azo compounds by molecular docking method”, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, 14(1): 150–154, (2019). DOI: 10.29233/sdufeffd.544174
  9. Öztürk, H., Yorulmaz, N., Durgun, M., İrak, Z. T., and Sarpün, İ. H., “Determination of antibacterial properties of some sulfonamide compounds by molecular docking”, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, 16(2): 458–467, (2021). DOI: 10.29233/sdufeffd.996484
  10. Wu, K., Karapetyan, E., Schloss, J., Vadgama, J., and Wu, Y., “Advancements in small molecule drug design: A structural perspective”, Drug Discovery Today, 28(10): 103730, (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103730
  11. Gümrükçüoğlu, N., and Bilgin Sökmen, B., “Synthesis of new ligands containing azomethine group and investigation of antioxidant, antiurease activities”, Gazi University Journal of Science, 33(3): 662–671, (2020). DOI: 10.35378/gujs.615818
  12. Trott, O., and Olson, A. J., “AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading”, Journal of Computational Chemistry, 31(2): 455–461, (2010). DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21334
  13. Berman, H. M., Westbrook, J., Feng, Z., Gilliland, G., Bhat, T. N., Weissig, H., Shindyalov, I.N., and Bourne P. E., “The protein data bank”, Nucleic Acids Research, 28(1): 235–242, (2000). DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.1.235
  14. RCSB Protein data bank, “Chemical sketch tool”, ChemAxon, [Online], Available: https://www.rcsb.org/.
  15. Hanwell, M. D., Curtis, D. E., Lonie, D. C., Vandermeersch, T., Zurek, E. and Hutchison, G. R., “Avogadro: an advanced semantic chemical editor, visualization, and analysis platform”, Journal of Cheminformatics, 4(1): 17, (2012).
  16. Pettersen, E. F., Goddard, T. D., Huang, C. C., Couch, G. S., Greenblatt, D. M., Meng, E. C., and Ferrin, T. E., “UCSF Chimera—A visualization system for exploratory research and analysis”, Journal of Computational Chemistry, 25(13): 1605–1612, (2004). DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20084
  17. Morris, G. M., Huey, R., Lindstrom, W., Sanner, M. F., Belew, R. K., Goodsell, D. S., and Olson, A. J., “AutoDock4 and AutoDockTools4: Automated docking with selective receptor flexibility”, Journal of Computational Chemistry, 30(16): 2785–2791, (2009). DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21256
  18. O’Boyle, N. M., Banck, M., James, C. A., Morley, C., Vandermeersch, T. and Hutchison, G. R., “Open Babel: An open chemical toolbox”, Journal of Cheminformatics, 3(1): 33, (2011).
  19. BIOVIA, Dassault systèmes. Discovery studio visualizer [Software]. San Diego: Dassault Systèmes, 2020.
  20. Lai, Y., Chu, X., Di, L., Gao, W., Guo, Y., Liu, X., Lu, C., Mao, J., Shen, H., Tang, H., Xia C.Q., Zhang, L., and Ding, X. (2022). Recent advances in the translation of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics science for drug discovery and development. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 12(6), 2751-2777. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.009
  21. Daina, A., Michielin, O., and Zoete, V., “SwissADME: a free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules”, Scientific Reports, 7: 42717, (2017).
  22. Flores-Holguín, N., Frau, J., and Glossman-Mitnik, D., “In silico pharmacokinetics, ADMET study and conceptual DFT analysis of two plant cyclopeptides isolated from Rosaceae as a computational peptidology approach”, Frontiers in Chemistry, 9: 708364, (2021).
  23. Nhlapho, S., Nyathi, M. H. L., Ngwenya, B. L., Dube, T., Telukdarie, A., Munien, I.,Vermeulen, A., and Chude-Okonkwo, U. A. (2024). Druggability of pharmaceutical compounds using Lipinski rules with machine learning. Sciences of Pharmacy, 3(4), 177-192. DOI: 10.3390/ijms26052350
  24. Nicolussi, A., D'inzeo, S., Capalbo, C., Giannini, G., and Coppa, A. The role of peroxiredoxins in cancer (Review). Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 6, 139-153, (2017). DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1129.
  25. Elko, E. A., Cunniff, B., Seward,D. J., Chia, S. B., Aboushousha, R., van de Wetering, C., van der Velden, J., Manuel, A., Shukla, A., Heintz, N. H., Anathy, V., van der Vliet, A., and Janssen-Heininger, Y. M.W. ‘‘Peroxiredoxins and beyond; redox systems regulating lung physiology and disease’’, Antioxid Redox Signal, 31(14):1070-1091, (2019) DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7752