SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3

The Mediating Role of Hope with Mindfulness: Empathy

Bilinçli Farkındalık İle Umut Arasındaki Aracılık: Empati*

Beste Erdinç(NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0006-4795-1593
Yusuf Akyıl(T.C. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı İstanbul)0000-0002-9482-1429
Tuncay Oral(PAMUKKALE ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-5039-9812
Süleyman Akçıl(ZONGULDAK BÜLENT ECEVİT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-4461-5093
Pages
742–753
Publication Date
2025-12-22
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this regard, mindfulness-based programs are thought to be effective in bringing both improved empathy and more hopeful individuals into society.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:It is an important characteristic that individuals do not become hopeless in the face of adversity but instead strive with determination to achieve their goals and look forward to the future with hope.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The data was collected with the voluntary participation of 139 male and 694 female participants.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In this regard, mindfulness-based programs are thought to be effective in bringing both improved empathy and more hopeful individuals into society.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Bilinçli farkındalık · umut · empati

Abstract

It is an important characteristic that individuals do not become hopeless in the face of adversity but instead strive with determination to achieve their goals and look forward to the future with hope. Hopelessness can lead to negative outcomes in people's lives. It is also a positive psychological indicator that people can empathize with others. Individuals can become aware of the feelings and thoughts of others and understand events from their perspective. Individuals may miss many moments while going about their daily lives. In this case, the concept of mindfulness, which expresses people's focus on the present moment, comes to the forefront. In this context, the current study seeks to investigate the role of empathy in mediating the concepts of mindfulness and hope. The relationships between these variables have never been examined before, and they are addressed for the first time in the current study. The data was collected with the voluntary participation of 139 male and 694 female participants. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Toronto Empathy Scale, and Persevering Hope Scale were used as measurement tools during data collection. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to conduct mediation analysis. According to the findings, empathy plays a crucial role in mediating mindfulness and hope. In other words, mindfulness predicts hope indirectly via empathy. According to the study's findings, people who practice mindfulness may have higher levels of empathy and hope. In this regard, mindfulness-based programs are thought to be effective in bringing both improved empathy and more hopeful individuals into society.

Özet

Bireylerin zorluklar karşısında umutsuzluğa kapılmaması, bunun yerine hedeflerine ulaşmak için kararlılıkla çaba göstermesi ve geleceğe umutla bakması önemli bir özelliktir. Umutsuzluk, insanların hayatlarında olumsuz sonuçlara yol açabilir. İnsanların başkalarıyla empati kurabilmesi de olumlu bir psikolojik göstergedir. Bireyler başkalarının duygu ve düşüncelerinin farkına varabilir ve olayları onların bakış açısından anlayabilir. Bireyler günlük hayatlarına devam ederken birçok anı kaçırabilirler. Bu durumda kişilerin içinde bulundukları ana odaklanmalarını ifade eden bilinçli farkındalık kavramı ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda mevcut çalışma, bilinçli farkındalık ve umut kavramlarına empatinin aracılık etme rolünü araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler daha önce hiç incelenmemiştir ve bu çalışmada ilk kez ele alınmaktadır. Veriler 139 erkek ve 694 kadın katılımcının gönüllü katılımıyla toplanmıştır. Veri toplama sırasında ölçüm araçları olarak Dikkatli Farkındalık Ölçeği, Toronto Empati Ölçeği ve Azimli Umut Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Aracılık analizi için Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (YEM) kullanılmıştır. Bulgulara göre empati, bilinçli farkındalık ve umudun aracılığında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Başka bir deyişle, bilinçli farkındalık empati aracılığıyla dolaylı olarak umudu yordamaktadır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, bilinçli farkındalık pratiği yapan kişilerin empati ve umut düzeyleri daha yüksek olabilir. Bu bağlamda, bilinçli farkındalık temelli programların hem empatisi gelişmiş hem de daha umutlu bireylerin topluma kazandırılmasında etkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Erdinç, B., Akyıl, Y., Oral, T., Akçıl, S. (2025). The Mediating Role of Hope with Mindfulness: Empathy. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3, 742–753. https://doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.1526765

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (51)

  1. Akaike, H. (1987). Factor analysis and AIC. Psychometrika, 52(3), 317-332.
  2. Amutio, A., Martínez-Taboada, C., Hermosilla, D., & Delgado, L. C. (2015). Enhancing relaxation states and positive emotions in physicians through a mindfulness training program: a one-year study. Psychology, health & medicine, 20(6), 720-731. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2014.986143
  3. Barbosa, P., Raymond, G., Zlotnick, C., Wilk, J., Toomey III, R., & Mitchell III, J. (2013). Mindfulness-based stress reduction training is associated with greater empathy and reduced anxiety for graduate healthcare students. Education for health, 26(1), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.4103/1357-6283.112794
  4. Barnett, G., & Mann, R. E. (2013). Empathy deficits and sexual offending: A model of obstacles to empathy. Aggression and violent behavior, 18(2), 228-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.11.010
  5. Beitel, M., Ferrer, E., & Cecero, J. J. (2005). Psychological mindedness and awareness of self and others. Journal of clinical psychology, 61(6), 739-750. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20095
  6. Birnie, K., Speca, M., & Carlson, L. E. (2010). Exploring self‐compassion and empathy in the context of mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR). Stress and Health, 26(5), 359-371. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1305
  7. Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical psychology: Science and practice, 11(3), 230. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/bph077
  8. Bragado-Jimenez, M. D., & Taylor, P. J. (2012). Empathy, schizophrenia and violence: a systematic review. Schizophrenia Research, 141(1), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.07.019
  9. Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 84(4), 822. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
  10. Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological inquiry, 18(4), 211-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/10478400701598298
  11. Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993) Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sage Focus Editions, 154, 136-136. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005
  12. Canbulat, T., Küçükkaragöz, H., Erdoğan, F., & Yeşiloğlu, A. (2015). Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarında empatik eğilim düzeyi ve geleceğe dönük beklenti. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 4(2), 651-665. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.v4i2.5000145067
  13. Chen, H., Liu, C., Cao, X., Hong, B., Huang, D. H., Liu, C. Y., & Chiou, W. K. (2021). Effects of loving-kindness meditation on doctors’ mindfulness, empathy, and communication skills. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(8), 4033. ttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084033
  14. Clement, D. N., Wingate, L. R., Cole, A. B., O’keefe, V. M., Hollingsworth, D. W., Davidson, C. L., & Hirsch, J. K. (2020). The common factors of grit, hope, and optimism differentially influence suicide resilience. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(24), 9588. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249588
  15. Davis, L. W., Strasburger, A. M., & Brown, L. F. (2007). Mindfulness. An Intervention for anxiety in schizophrenia. J Psychosoc Nurs, 45, 23-29.
  16. de la Fuente-Anuncibay, R., González-Barbadillo, Á., Ortega-Sánchez, D., & Pizarro-Ruiz, J. P. (2020). Mindfulness and empathy: Mediating factors and gender differences in a Spanish sample. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 545970. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01915
  17. de Tommaso, M., Ricci, K., Conca, G., Vecchio, E., Delussi, M., & Invitto, S. (2019). Empathy for pain in fibromyalgia patients: An EEG study. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 146, 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.09.007
  18. Ekşi, H. ve Başol T. (2023). Azimli umut ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Bildiri sunumu]. 6. Uluslararası Palandöken Bilimsel Çalışmalar Kongresi, Erzurum, Türkiye. https://www.isarconference.org/_files/ugd/6dc816_d58c86b893da48c6b31e1796fc55d179.pdf
  19. Finney, S. J., & DiStefano, C. (2006). Non-normal and categorical data in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling: A Second Course, 269-314.
  20. Germer, C. (2009). The mindful path to self-compassion: Freeing yourself from destructive thoughts and emotions. Guilford Press.
  21. Gür, G. C., & Yilmaz, E. (2020). The effects of mindfulness-based empathy training on empathy and aged discrimination in nursing students: A randomised controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 39, 101140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101140
  22. Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour research and therapy, 44(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006
  23. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080 /10705519909540118.
  24. Hu, Y., Ye, B., & Im, H. (2021). Hope and post-stress growth during COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of perceived stress and the moderating role of empathy. Personality and Individual Differences, 178, 110831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110831a
  25. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science And Practice, 10(2), 144-156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/bpg016
  26. Kamble, K., Nayak, M., Dhaded, S., Sajjan, S., Itti, J. G., & Patil, K. (2024). Hope and depression levels in orphan children at Bagalkot orphanages: A cross-sectional study. SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences, 10(2): 5043-5049. https://doi.org/10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2024.10.2.7
  27. Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press
  28. Lei, F., & Lei, L. (2022). How does the optimism of students learning a foreign language affect their creative self-efficacy? The mediating effects of hope and empathy. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 831593. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831593
  29. Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural equation modeling, 9(2), 151-173. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1
  30. Lo, C. C., Chen, I. C., Ho, W. S., & Cheng, Y. C. (2023). A sequential mediation model of perceived social support, mindfulness, perceived hope, and mental health literacy: an empirical study on Taiwanese university students. Acta psychologica, 240, 104016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104016
  31. Lu, J., Potts, C. A., & Allen, R. S. (2021). Homeless people’s trait mindfulness and their resilience–a mediation test on the role of inner peace and hope. Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness, 30(2), 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/10530789.2020.1774847
  32. Ma, J., Wang, X., Qiu, Q., Zhan, H., & Wu, W. (2020). Changes in empathy in patients with chronic low back pain: A structural–functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 14, 326. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00326
  33. Munoz, R. T., Hoppes, S., Hellman, C. M., Brunk, K. L., Bragg, J. E., & Cummins, C. (2018). The effects of mindfulness meditation on hope and stress. Research on Social Work Practice, 28(6), 696-707. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731516674319
  34. Nasser-Abu Alhija, F., & Wisenbaker, J. (2006). A Monte Carlo study investigating the impact of item parceling strategies on parameter estimates and their standard errors in CFA. Structural Equation Modeling, 13(2), 204-228. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1302_3
  35. Oliveira-Silva, P., & Gonçalves, O. F. (2011). Responding empathically: A question of heart, not a question of skin. Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback, 36, 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-011-9161-2
  36. Özyeşil, Z., Arslan, C., Kesici, Ş., & Deniz, M. E. (2011). Bilinçli farkındalık ölçeği’ni Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 36(160).
  37. Pouyanfard, S., Mohammadpour, M., ParviziFard, A. A., & Sadeghi, K. (2020). Effectiveness of mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavior therapy on anxiety, depression and hope in multiple sclerosis patients: a randomized clinical trial. Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy, 42, 55-63. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2020-4203
  38. Rand, K. L., Shanahan, M. L., Fischer, I. C., & Fortney, S. K. (2020). Hope and optimism as predictors of academic performance and subjective well-being in college students. Learning and Individual differences, 81, 101906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101906
  39. Rueger, S. Y., Worthington, Jr, E. L., Davis, E. B., Chen, Z. J., Cowden, R. G., Moloney, J. M., & Glowiak, K. J. (2023). Development and initial validation of the Persevering Hope Scale: Measuring wait-power in four independent samples. Journal of Personality Assessment, 105 (1), 58-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2022.2032100
  40. Sadoughi, M., Mehrzad, V., & MohammadSalehi, Z. (2017). The relationship of optimism and hope with depression and anxiety among women with breast cancer. IJNR, 12(2), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.21859/ijnr-12023
  41. Satıcı, B., & Satıcı, S. A. (2022). Mindfulness and subjective happiness during the pandemic: Longitudinal mediation effect of hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 197, 111781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111781
  42. Schreiter, S., Pijnenborg, G. H. M., & Aan Het Rot, M. (2013). Empathy in adults with clinical or subclinical depressive symptoms. Journal of affective disorders, 150(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.03.009
  43. Shapiro, S. L., Schwartz, G. E., & Bonner, G. (1998). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on medical and premedical students. Journal of behavioral medicine, 21, 581-599.
  44. Silananda, U. (1995). The four foundations of mindfulness. Simon and Schuster.
  45. Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological inquiry, 13(4), 249-275. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01
  46. Spreng, R. N., McKinnon, M. C., Mar, R. A., & Levine, B. (2009). The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire: Scale development and initial validation of a factor-analytic solution to multiple empathy measures. Journal of personality assessment, 91(1), 62-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802484381
  47. Strohmaier, S., Jones, F. W., & Cane, J. E. (2022). One-session mindfulness of the breath meditation practice: A randomized controlled study of the effects on state hope and state gratitude in the general population. Mindfulness, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01780-9
  48. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4^th. ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.
  49. Tan, L. B., Lo, B. C., & Macrae, C. N. (2014). Brief mindfulness meditation improves mental state attribution and empathizing. PloS one, 9(10), e110510. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110510
  50. Trent, N. L., Park, C., Bercovitz, K., & Chapman, I. M. (2016). Trait socio-cognitive mindfulness is related to affective and cognitive empathy. Journal of Adult Development, 23, 62-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-015-9225-2
  51. Zhang, H. B., Ou, H., Meng, D. H., Lu, Q., Zhang, L., Lu, X., Yin, Z., He, C., & Shen, Y. (2021). Impaired cognitive empathy in outpatients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a cross-sectional study. Neural Plasticity, 2021, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4430594