SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara Series C Biology / 2026 / Volume: 35 Issue: 1

Testing The Effectiveness of Short Cytochrome-Oxidase I Sequences on The Phylogenetic Study of Miniopterus schreibersii and Miniopterus pallidus

Emre Barlas(ANKARA UNIVERSITY)0000-0006-7683-1566
Derya Çetintürk(ANKARA UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-1323-4311
Nuri Yiğit(ANKARA UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-8426-2144
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-06-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It is also emphasized that the COI gene, even if short, is effective in distinguishing closely-related species.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The present study aimed to evaluate the usefulness and efficiency of 183 base pair length Cytochrome-oxidase I (COI) sequence data for the differentiation of the closely related Miniopterus schreibersii and Miniopterus pallidus.
📊
Key Findings & Data:These two bat species were previously recognised as the same species under the name M. schreibersii complex, and as a result of some studies involving mitochondrial DNA, M. pallidus was upgraded to species status.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:It is also emphasized that the COI gene, even if short, is effective in distinguishing closely-related species.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Cytochrome-oxidase I · Miniopterus · Mitochondrial DNA

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the usefulness and efficiency of 183 base pair length Cytochrome-oxidase I (COI) sequence data for the differentiation of the closely related Miniopterus schreibersii and Miniopterus pallidus. These two bat species were previously recognised as the same species under the name M. schreibersii complex, and as a result of some studies involving mitochondrial DNA, M. pallidus was upgraded to species status. The results of the Bayesian Inference tree and the Median-joining network, as well as mean genetic distance and fixation index values, were compared with the results in the literature and were found to be compatible with each other. Consequently, analyses with short COI sequences support the validity of the aforementioned miniopterine species. It is also emphasized that the COI gene, even if short, is effective in distinguishing closely-related species.

🔖

Cite This Article

Barlas, E., Çetintürk, D., Yiğit, N. (2026). Testing The Effectiveness of Short Cytochrome-Oxidase I Sequences on The Phylogenetic Study of Miniopterus schreibersii and Miniopterus pallidus. Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara Series C Biology, Volume: 35 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.53447/communc.1760950

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (75)

  1. Ibáñez, C., Juste, J., Family Miniopteridae (Long-fingered Bats). In: Wilson, D.E., Mittermeier, R.A. Editors. Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, (2019), 674-709.
  2. Tate, G.H.H., Results of the Archbold expeditions No. 40. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78 (1941), 567-597.
  3. Ellerman, J.R., Morrison-Scott T.C.S., Checklist of Palearctic and India Mammals 1758-1946. British Museum (Natural History): London, UK, 1951.
  4. Corbet, G.B., The mammals of the Palearctic region: a taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History): London, UK, 1978.
  5. Koopman, K.F., Order Chiroptera. In: Wilson, D.E., Reeder, D.M. Editors. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, (1993), 137-241.
  6. Koopman K.F., Chiroptera: Systematics. University of California, W. De Gruyter, 1994.
  7. Richarz, K., Limbrunner, A., The World of Bats. The Flying Goblins of the Night. T.F.H. Publications, Inc: Neptune City (NJ), USA, 1993.
  8. Hutson, A.M., Mickleburgh, S.P., Racey, P.A., Microchiropteran Bats: Global Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Chiroptera Specialist Group: Gland, Switzerland, 2001.
  9. Simmons, N.B. Order Chiroptera. In: Wilson, D.E., Reeder, D.M. Editors. Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, 312-529.
  10. Appleton, B.R., McKenzie, J.A., Christidis, L., Molecular systematics and biogeography of the bent-wing bat complex Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1817) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31 (2004), 431-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2003.08.017
  11. Bilgin, R., Gürün, K., Maraci, Ö., Furman, A., Hulva, P., Çoraman, E., Lučan, R.K, Bartonička, T., Horáček, I., Syntopic occurrence in Turkey supports separate species status for Miniopterus schreibersii schreibersii and M. schreibersii pallidus (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Acta Chiropterologica, 14 (2012), 279-289. https://doi.org/10.3161/150811012x661611
  12. Cardinal, B.R., Christidis, L., Mitochondrial DNA and morphology reveal three geographically distinct lineages of the large bentwing bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) in Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 48 (2000), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1071/zo99067
  13. Karataş, A., Sözen, M., Contribution to karyology, distribution and taxonomic status of the Long-winged Bat, Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), in Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East, 33(2004), 51-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2004.10638063
  14. Tian, L., Liang, B., Maeda, K., Metzner, W., Zhang, Z., Molecular studies on the classification of Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences. Folia Zoologica-Praha, 53 (2004), 303-311.
  15. Bilgin, R., Karataş, A., Coraman, E., Pandurski, I., Papadatou, E., Morales, J.C., Molecular taxonomy and phylogeography of Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1817) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), in the Eurasian transition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 87 (2006), 577-582. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00591.x
  16. Bilgin, R., Karataş, A., Çoraman, E., Disotell, T., Morales, J.C., Regionally and climatically restricted patterns of distribution of genetic diversity in a migratory bat species, Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8 (2008), 209. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-209
  17. Miller-Butterworth, C.M., Murphy, W.J., O'Brien, S.J., Jacobs, D.S., Springer, M.S., Teeling, E.C., A family matter: conclusive resolution of the taxonomic position of the long-fingered bats, Miniopterus. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24 (2007), 1553-1561. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msm076
  18. Furman, A., Coraman, E., Bilgin, R., Karataş, A., Molecular ecology and phylogeography of the bent‐wing bat complex (Miniopterus schreibersii) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Asia Minor and adjacent regions. Zoologica Scripta, 38 (2009), 129-141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00365.x
  19. Furman, A., Öztunç, T., Postawa, T., Çoraman, E., Shallow genetic differentiation in Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) indicates a relatively recent re-colonization of Europe from a single glacial refugium. Acta Chiropterologica, 12 (2010), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.3161/150811010x504581
  20. Furman, A., Öztunç, T., Çoraman, E., On the phylogeny of Miniopterus schreibersii schreibersii and Miniopterus schreibersii pallidus from Asia Minor in reference to other Miniopterus taxa (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Acta Chiropterologica, 12 (2010), 61-72. https://doi.org/10.3161/150811010x504590
  21. Furman, A., Postawa, T., Öztunç, T., Çoraman, E., Cryptic diversity of the bent-wing bat, Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), in Asia Minor. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10 (2010), 121. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-121
  22. Šrámek, J., Gvoždík, V., Benda, P., Hidden diversity in bent-winged bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) of the Western Palaearctic and adjacent regions: implications for taxonomy. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 167 (2013), 165-190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00870.x
  23. Akmali, V., Mehdizadeh, R., Chaghamirza, K., Moradi, M., Sharifi, M., Taxonomic evaluation of the bent-winged bat (Miniopterus) populations occurring in Iran inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome-b sequences. Mammalia, 79 (2015), 449-455. https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2014-0002
  24. Puechmaille, S.J., Allegrini, B., Benda, P., Gürün, K., Šrámek, J., Ibanez, C., Juste, J., Bilgin, R., A new species of the Miniopterus schreibersii species complex (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) from the Maghreb Region, North Africa. Zootaxa, 3794 (2014), 108-124. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3794.1.4
  25. Dufresnes, C., Dutoit, L., Brelsford, A., Goldstein-Witsenburg, F., Clément, L., López-Baucells, A., Palmeirim, J., Pavlinić, I., Scaravelli, D., Ševčík, M., Christe, P., Goudet, J., Inferring genetic structure when there is little: population genetics versus genomics of the threatened bat Miniopterus schreibersii across Europe. Scientific reports, 13 (2023), 1523. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27988-4
  26. Bajić, B., Budinski, I., Rajičić, M., Miljević, M., Rončević, A., Blagojević, J., A first look at mitochondrial genetic diversity in Miniopterus schreibersii in Serbia. Archives of Biological Sciences, 76 (2024), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.2298/abs240208006b
  27. Derouiche, L, Aissi, A., Bouali, K., Phylogenetic study of the genus Miniopterus. Genetics & Biodiversity Journal, 8 (2024), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v8i2.395
  28. DeBlase, A.T., The bats of Iran: systematics, distribution, ecology. Fieldiana, Zoology: Chicago, USA, 1980.
  29. Hebert, P.D., Ratnasingham, S., De Waard, J.R., Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 270 (2003), S96-S99. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0025
  30. Waugh, J., DNA barcoding in animal species: progress, potential and pitfalls. BioEssays, 29 (2007), 188-197. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20529
  31. Zardoya, R., Meyer, A., Phylogenetic performance of mitochondrial protein-coding genes in resolving relationships among vertebrates. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 13 (1996), 933-942. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025661
  32. Pfunder, M., Holzgang, O., Frey, J.E., Development of microarray‐based diagnostics of voles and shrews for use in biodiversity monitoring studies, and evaluation of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I vs. cytochrome b as genetic markers. Molecular Ecology, 13 (2004), 1277-1286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2004.02126.x
  33. Simon, C., Buckley, T.R., Frati, F., Stewart, J.B., Beckenbach, A.T., Incorporating molecular evolution into phylogenetic analysis, and a new compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers for animal mitochondrial DNA. Annual Review of Ecology: Evolution, and Systematics, 37 (2006), 545-579. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110018
  34. Borisenko, A.V., Lim, B.K., Ivanova, N.V., Hanner, R.H., Hebert, P.D., DNA barcoding in surveys of small mammal communities: a field study in Suriname. Molecular Ecology Resources, 8 (2008), 471-479. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01998.x
  35. Tobe, S.S., Kitchener, A.C., Linacre, A.M., Reconstructing mammalian phylogenies: a detailed comparison of the cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase subunit I mitochondrial genes. PloS One, 5 (2010), e14156. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014156
  36. Yiğit, N., Çetintürk, D., Çolak, E., Phylogenetic assessment of voles of the Guentheri group (Mammalia: Microtus) in Turkish Thrace and Western Anatolia. The European Zoological Journal, 84 (2017), 252-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2017.1317041
  37. Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., Tamura, K., MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35 (2018), 1547-1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
  38. Hamming, R.W., Error detecting and error correcting codes. The Bell System Technical Journal, 29 (1950), 147-160. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1950.tb00463.x
  39. Rozas, J., Ferrer-Mata, A., Sánchez-DelBarrio, J.C., Guirao-Rico, S., Librado, P., Ramos-Onsins, S.E., Sánchez-Gracia, A., DnaSP 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large data sets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 34 (2017), 3299-3302. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx248
  40. Leigh, J.W., Bryant, D., Nakagawa, S., POPART: full-feature software for haplotype network construction. Methods in Ecology & Evolution, 6 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12410
  41. Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van Der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A., Huelsenbeck, J.P., MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61 (2012), 539-542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
  42. Posada, D., jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 25 (2008), 1253-1256. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn083
  43. Galimberti, A., Spada, M., Russo, D., Mucedda, M., Agnelli, P., Crottini, A., Ferri, E., Martinoli, A., Casiraghi, M., Integrated operational taxonomic units (IOTUs) in echolocating bats: a bridge between molecular and traditional taxonomy. PloS one, 7 (2012), e40122. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040122
  44. Rebelo, H., Ferreira, S., Amorim, F., Horta, P., Raposeira, H., Santos, H., Beja, P., Mata, V. A., Hidden in our pockets: building of a DNA barcode library unveils the first record of Myotis alcathoe for Portugal. Biodiversity Data Journal, 8 (2020), e54479. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e54479
  45. Ruedi, M., Saikia, U., Thabah, A., Görföl, T., Thapa, S., Csorba, G., Molecular and morphological revision of small Myotinae from the Himalayas shed new light on the poorly known genus Submyotodon (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Mammalian Biology, 101 (2021), 465-480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-020-00081-3
  46. Volleth, M., Heller, K.G., Tidemann, C., Yong, H.S., Göpfert, M., Müller, S., Karyotype evolution in Vespertilionoidea: Centromere repositioning and inversions in Molossidae (Chiroptera, Mammalia). Acta Chiropterologica, 25 (2023), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2023.25.1.001
  47. Hasegawa, M., Kishino, H., Yano, T. A., Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 22 (1985), 160-174. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02101694
  48. Clary, D.O., Wolstenholme, D.R., The mitochondrial DNA molecule of Drosophila yakuba: nucleotide sequence, gene organization, and genetic code. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 22 (1985), 252-271. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02099755
  49. Wolstenholme, D.R., Animal mitochondrial DNA: structure and evolution. International Review of Cytology, 141 (1992), 173-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62066-5
  50. Nabholz, B., Glémin, S., Galtier, N., The erratic mitochondrial clock: variations of mutation rate, not population size, affect mtDNA diversity across birds and mammals. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9 (2009), 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-54
  51. Fernández-Silva, P., Enriquez, J.A., Montoya, J., Replication and transcription of mammalian mitochondrial DNA. Experimental Physiology, 88 (2003), 41-56. https://doi.org/10.1113/eph8802514
  52. Ballard, J.W.O., Whitlock, M.C., The incomplete natural history of mitochondria. Molecular Ecology, 13 (2004), 729-744. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.02063.x
  53. Aanen, D.K., Spelbrink, J.N., Beekman, M., What cost mitochondria? The maintenance of functional mitochondrial DNA within and across generations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 369 (2014), 20130438. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0438
  54. Monti, M.M., Nappo, A.G., Giorgini, M., Molecular characterization of closely related species in the parasitic genus Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 95 (2005), 401-408. https://doi.org/10.1079/ber2005371
  55. Chantangsi, C., Lynn, D.H., Brandl, M.T., Cole, J.C., Hetrick, N., Ikonomi, P., Barcoding ciliates: a comprehensive study of 75 isolates of the genus Tetrahymena. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 57 (2007), 2412-2423. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64865-0
  56. Persis, M., Chandra Sekhar Reddy, A., Rao, L.M., Khedkar, G.D., Ravinder, K., Nasruddin, K., COI (cytochrome oxidase-I) sequence based studies of Carangid fishes from Kakinada coast, India. Molecular Biology Reports, 36 (2009), 1733-1740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-008-9375-4
  57. Li, Q.Q., Li, D.Y., Ye, H., Liu, X.F., Shi, W., Cao, N., Duan, Y.Q., Using COI gene sequence to barcode two morphologically alike species: the cotton bollworm and the oriental tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Molecular Biology Reports, 38 (2011), 5107-5113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-010-0658-1
  58. Xia, Y.U.N., Gu, H.F., Peng, R.U.I., Chen, Q.I.N., Zheng, Y.C., Murphy, R.W., Zeng, X.M., COI is better than 16S rRNA for DNA barcoding Asiatic salamanders (Amphibia: Caudata: Hynobiidae). Molecular Ecology Resources, 12 (2012), 48-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03055.x
  59. Dang, N.X., Sun, F.H., Lv, Y.Y., Zhao, B.H., Wang, J.C., Murphy, R.W., Wang, W.Z., Li, J.T., DNA barcoding and the identification of tree frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae). Mitochondrial DNA Part A, 27 (2016), 2574-2584. https://doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2015.1041113
  60. Joseph, S., Poriya, P., Vakani, B., Singh, S.P., Kundu, R., Identification of a group of cryptic marine limpet species, Cellana karachiensis (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda) off Veraval coast, India, using mtDNA COI sequencing. Mitochondrial DNA Part A, 27 (2016), 1328-1331. https://doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2014.945577
  61. Laopichienpong, N., Muangmai, N., Supikamolseni, A., Twilprawat, P., Chanhome, L., Suntrarachun, S., Peyachoknagul, S., Srikulnath, K., Assessment of snake DNA barcodes based on mitochondrial COI and Cytb genes revealed multiple putative cryptic species in Thailand. Gene, 594 (2016), 238-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2016.09.017
  62. Zhang, B., Chen, T.W., Mateos, E., Scheu, S., Schaefer, I., DNA-based approaches uncover cryptic diversity in the European Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus species group (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 33 (2019), 661-670. https://doi.org/10.1071/is18068
  63. Jang, H., Shin, S.E., Youm, K.J., Karagozlu, M.Z., Kim, C.B., Ko, K.S., Park, S.H., Molecular identification of necrophagous Dermestes species in South Korea using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I nucleotide sequences (genus Dermestes). Journal of Forensic Sciences, 65 (2020), 283-287. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14170
  64. Sanchez-Restrepo, A.F., Chifflet, L., Confalonieri, V.A., Tsutsui, N.D., Pesquero, M.A., Calcaterra, L.A., A species delimitation approach to uncover cryptic species in the South American fire ant decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae: Pseudacteon). PloS One, 15 (2020), e0236086. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236086
  65. Dave, A.R., Chaudhary, D.F., Mankad, P.M., Koringa, P.G., Rank, D.N., Genetic diversity among two native Indian chicken populations using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b DNA barcodes. Veterinary World, 14 (2021), 1389. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1389-1397
  66. Insani, L., Jatayu, D., Valen, F.S., Widodo, M.S., Hasan, V., Comparing genetic Mystacoleucus marginatus and Mystacoleucus padangensis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) based on cythochrome c oxidase sub unit I (COI) gene. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 9 (2022), 195-203. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v9i4.903
  67. Nasir, M.H., Bhassu, S., Mispan, M.S., Bakar, S.A., Jing, K.J., Omar, H., Molecular identification and genetic variation of Rattus species from oil palm plantations of Malaysia based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. Zoological Science, 39 (2022), 554-561. https://doi.org/10.2108/zs210093
  68. Andriollo, T., Naciri, Y., Ruedi, M., Two mitochondrial barcodes for one biological species: the case of European Kuhl's pipistrelles (Chiroptera). PloS One, 10 (2015), e0134881. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134881
  69. Walker, F.M., Williamson, C.H., Sanchez, D.E., Sobek, C.J., Chambers, C.L., Species from feces: order-wide identification of Chiroptera from guano and other non-invasive genetic samples. Plos One, 11 (2016), e0162342. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162342
  70. Tran, T.N., Tran, T.T.A., Do Thi, T.H., Nguyen, T.S., Vu, D.T., Nguyen, V.S., Hoang, T.T., Assessment of genetic relationship of some horseshoe bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in vietnam using cytochromoxydase subunit I (COI) gene sequence. VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology, 32 (2016).
  71. Benítez, Á.J., Ricardo-Caldera, D., Atencia-Pineda, M., Ballesteros-Correa, J., Chacón-Pacheco, J., Hoyos-López, R., DNA barcoding of bats (Chiroptera) from the Colombian northern region. Mammalia, 85 (2021), 462-470. https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2020-0138
  72. Biganzoli-Rangel, A.J., Leon-Alvarado, O.D., Robe, L.J., Meza, M.A., Gutiérrez, E.E., Paladini, A., Systematics and phylogeography of bats of the genus Rhynchonycteris (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae): Integrating molecular phylogenetics, ecological niche modeling and morphometric data. Plos One, 18 (2023), e0285271. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285271
  73. Mou, X., Qian, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, W., Wang, J., Li, S., A new ‘cyclotis-morphotype’ species of tube-nosed bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Murina) from China. Animals, 15 (2025), 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15010075
  74. Baker, R.J., Bradley, R.D., Speciation in mammals and the genetic species concept. Journal of Mammalogy, 87 (2006), 643-662. https://doi.org/10.1644/06-mamm-f-038r2.1
  75. Wright, S., Evolution and the Genetics of Populations, Volume 4: Variability Within and Among Natural Populations. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, IL, 1978.