SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Coğrafya Dergisi / 2025 / Sayı: 51

Modeling Of Climate Change-Induced Coastal Erosion And Its Impact On The Nesting Areas Of Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta Caretta): A Case Of Iztuzu Beach

Hasan Akpınar(SULEYMAN DEMIREL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-8066-7459
Selahattin Akşit(PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-9782-0245
Pages
123–132
Publication Date
2025-12-31
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results show that the coastline is continuously retreating and the beach is narrowing significantly.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The aim of this research is to model long-term (1984-2024) coastal changes in İztuzu Beach and determine the potential risks to the nesting areas of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta).
📊
Key Findings & Data:Landsat 5 TM and 8 OLI/TIRS satellite images of different years and modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) image normalization techniques were used for coastal change analysis.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The results show that the coastline is continuously retreating and the beach is narrowing significantly.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2024 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Climate change · Coastal erosion · Loggerhead sea turtles

Abstract

The aim of this research is to model long-term (1984-2024) coastal changes in İztuzu Beach and determine the potential risks to the nesting areas of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Sea level rise is among the most important consequences of global climate change, which can cause coastal erosion and have negative effects on coastal ecosystems. Therefore, analyzing coastal change and creating future projections are essential for protecting the ecosystem. Landsat 5 TM and 8 OLI/TIRS satellite images of different years and modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) image normalization techniques were used for coastal change analysis. For the analysis of shoreline changes, statistical analyses with 99% confidence interval, including net shoreline movement (NSM), end point rate (EPR) and linear regression rate (LRR), were carried out using the digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS). The results show that the coastline is continuously retreating and the beach is narrowing significantly. Future projections predict a retreat of 20 m or more on the beach in the next 20 years. This will lead to a gradual shrinkage of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nesting areas. Therefore, it is of great importance to closely monitor and analyze changes in the morphology of the beach. This research provides valuable information for the early detection of coastal changes and the development of protection measures.

🔖

Cite This Article

Akpınar, H., Akşit, S. (2025). Modeling Of Climate Change-Induced Coastal Erosion And Its Impact On The Nesting Areas Of Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta Caretta): A Case Of Iztuzu Beach. Coğrafya Dergisi, Sayı: 51, 123–132. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2025-1663902

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (41)

  1. Alevkayalı, Ç., Atayeter, Y., Yayla, O., Bilgin, T., & Akpınar, H. (2023). Burdur Gölü’nde uzun dönemli kıyı çizgisi değişimleri ve iklim ilişkisi: Zamansal-mekânsal eğilimler ve tahminler. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, (82), 37-50. https://doi.org/10.17211/tcd.1287976 google scholar
  2. Alpar, B. (2009). Vulnerability of Turkish coasts to accelerated sea-level rise. Geomorphology, 107(1-2), 58-63. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.05.021 google scholar
  3. Bernstein, L., Bosch, P., Canziani, O., Chen, Z., Christ, R., Davidson, O. Yohe, G. (2008). Climate change 2007: Synthesis report: An assessment of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. IPCC. https://www.ipcc.ch google scholar
  4. Bishop-Taylor, R., Sagar, S., Lymburner, L., Alam, I., & Sixsmith, J. (2019). Sub-pixel waterline extraction: Characterizing accuracy and sensitivity to indices and spectra. Remote Sensing, 11(24), 2984. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242984 google scholar
  5. Canbolat, A. F. (2004). A review of sea turtle nesting activity along the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Biological Conservation, 116(1), 81-91. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00179-4 google scholar
  6. Cazenave, A., Cabanes, C., Dominh, K., & Mangiarotti, S. (2001). Recent sea level change in the Mediterranean Sea revealed by Topex/Poseidon satellite altimetry. Geophys Res Lett, 28(8), 1607-1610. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012628 google scholar
  7. Copernicus Climate Service. (2024). Global climate indicators and trends Retrieved from https://climate.copernicus.eu google scholar
  8. Dronkers, J. (2005). Dynamics of coastal systems (Vol. 25). World Scientific. https://books.google.com.tr google scholar
  9. Eid, A. N. M., Olatubara, C. O., Ewemoje, T. A., El-Hennawy, M. T., & Farouk, H. (2020). Inland wetland time-series digital change detection based on SAVI and NDWI induces: Wadi El-Rayan lakes, Egypt. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 19, 100347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2020.100347 google scholar
  10. Gül, M., Salihoğlu, R., Dinçer, F., & Darbaş, G. (2019). Coastal geology of Iztuzu Spit (Dalyan, Muğla, SW Turkey). Journal of African Earth Sciences, 151, 173-183. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2018.12.017 google scholar
  11. Himmelstoss, E. A., Henderson, R. E., Kratzmann, M. G., & Farris, A. S. (2021). Digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS) version 5.1 user guide (No. 2021-1091). US Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211091 google scholar
  12. Hinkel, J., Nicholls, R. J., Tol, R. S., Wang, Z. B., Hamilton, J. M., Boot, G., … Klein, R. J. (2013). A global analysis of erosion of sandy beaches and sea-level rise: An application of DIVA. Global and Planetary change, 111, 150-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.09.002 google scholar
  13. Hirth, H. F. (1980). Some aspects of the nesting behavior and reproductive biology of sea turtles. Am. Zool., 20(3), 507-523. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/20.3.507 google scholar
  14. IPCC. (2021). Assessment report 6-WGI report. IPCC. https://ntrs.nasa.gov google scholar
  15. Kaska Y, Başkale E, Urhan, R., Katılmış, Y., Gidiş, M., Sarı, F., … & Özkul, M. (2010). Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the nest-site selection of Loggerhead Turtles, Caretta caretta, on Dalaman-Sarıgerme beach in South-west Turkey: (Reptilia: Cheloniidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 50(1), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2010.10638411 google scholar
  16. Kennedy, J., Trewin, B., Betts, R., Thorne, P., Foster, P., Siegmund, P., … & Naran, B. (2024). State of the Climate 2024. Update for COP29. https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie google scholar
  17. abus, T. A. (2015). Environmental impacts—coastal erosion and coastline changes. Second assessment of climate change for the Baltic Sea basin, 381-396. https://link.springer.com google scholar
  18. Leatherman, S. P., Zhang, K. and Douglas, B. C. (2000). Sea level rise shown to drive coastal erosion. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 81(6), 55-57. doi:10.1029/00EO00034 google scholar
  19. Li, J., Meng, Y., Li, Y., Cui, Q., Yang, X., Tao, C., … & Zhang, W. (2022). Accurate water extraction using remote sensing imagery based on normalized difference water index and unsupervised deep learning. Journal of Hydrology, 612, 128202. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128202 google scholar
  20. Luna-Ortiz, A., Marín-Capuz G, Abella E, Crespo-Picazo JL, Escribano F, Félix G, … & Carreras, C. (2024). New colonizers drive the increase of the emerging loggerhead turtle nesting in the Western Mediterranean. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1506. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-51664-w google scholar
  21. Lyons, M. P., von Holle, B., Caffrey, M. A., & Weishampel, J. F. (2020). Quantifying the impacts of future sea level rise on nesting sea turtles in the southeastern United States Ecological Applications, 30(5), e02100. doi:10.1002/eap.2100 google scholar
  22. Mancino, C., Hochscheid, S., & Maiorano, L. (2023). Increase in nesting habitat suitability for green turtles in a warming Mediterranean Sea Scientific Reports, 13(1), 19906. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-46958-4 google scholar
  23. Mazaris, A. D., Matsinos, G. and Pantis, J. D. (2009). Evaluating the impacts of coastal squeeze on sea turtle nesting. Ocean & Coastal Management, 52(2), 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.10.005 google scholar
  24. NASA. (2024). Sea level change: Observations from space. Retrieved from https://climate.nasa.gov google scholar
  25. Nassar, K., Mahmod, W. E., Fath, H., Masria, A., Nadaoka, K. and Negm, A. (2019). Shoreline change detection using DSAS technique: Case of North Sinai coast, Egypt. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 37(1), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2018.1448912 google scholar
  26. Reece, J. S., Passeri, D., Ehrhart, L., Hagen, S. C., Hays, A., Long, C., … Wolf, S. (2013). Sea level rise, land use, and climate change influence the distribution of loggerhead turtle nests at the largest USA rookery (Melbourne Beach, Florida). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 493, 259-274. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10531 google scholar
  27. Sarp, G., & Özcelik, M. (2017). Water body extraction and change detection using time series: A case study of Lake Burdur, Turkey Journal of Taibah University for Science, 11(3), 381-391 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2016.04.005 google scholar
  28. Schwartz, M. L. (1967). The Bruun theory of sea-level rise as a cause of shore erosion. The Journal of Geology, 75(1), 76-92. https://doi.org/10.1086/627232 google scholar
  29. Shah, C. A. (2011). Automated lake shoreline mapping at subpixel accuracy. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 8(6), 1125-1129. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2011.2157951 google scholar
  30. Stive, M. J., Cowell, P. J., & Nicholls, R. J. (2009). Beaches, cliffs and deltas. In Geomorphology and global environmental change (pp. 158-179). Cambridge University Press. https://research.tudelft.nl google scholar
  31. Thieler, E. R., Himmelstoss, E. A., Zichichi, J. L., & Ergul, A. (2009). The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.0-an ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change (No. 2008-1278). US Geological Survey. doi:10.3133/ofr20081278 google scholar
  32. Valiela, I. (2009). Global coastal change. John Wiley & Sons. https://books.google.com.tr google scholar
  33. Varela, M. R., Patrício, A. R., Anderson, K., Broderick, A. C., DeBell, L., Hawkes, L. A., … & Godley, B. J. (2019). Assessing climate change associated sea‐level rise impacts on sea turtle nesting beaches using drones, photogrammetry, and a novel GPS. Global change biology, 25(2), 753-762. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14526 google scholar
  34. Witherington, B., Kubilis, P., Brost, B. and Meylan, A. (2009). Decreasing annual nest counts in a globally important loggerhead sea turtle population. Ecological applications, 19(1), 30-54. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0434.1 google scholar
  35. Woodworth, P. L., Melet, A., Marcos, M., Ray, R. D., Wöppelmann, G., Sasaki, Y. N., … & Merrifield, M. A. (2019). Forcing factors affecting sea level changes at the coast. Surveys in Geophysics, 40(6), 1351-1397. https://link.springer.com google scholar
  36. World Meteorological Organization. (2024). United in Science 2024: A multi-organization high-level compilation of the latest weather, climate, water and related environmental and social sciences for the future. World Meteorological Organization. https://library.wmo.int/idurl/4/69018 google scholar
  37. Yang, Z., Wang, L., Sun, W., Xu, W., Tian, B., Zhou, Y., c. & Chen, C. (2022). A new adaptive remote sensing extraction algorithm for complex muddy coast waterline. Remote Sensing, 14(4), 861. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/4/861# google scholar
  38. Yayla, O., Akpınar, H., Bilgin, T., Atayeter, Y., & Korkmaz, O. (2025). An evaluation of the long-term changes in the shoreline of Lake Eğirdir in relation to climate and anthropogenic factors. Journal of Geography, 0(50), 65-78. 4.2 google scholar
  39. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2025-1620561 google scholar
  40. Zhang, J., Ding, J., Wu, P., Tan, J., Huang, S., Teng, D., … & Chen, W. (2020). Assessing arid inland lake watershed area and vegetation response to multiple temporal scales of drought across the Ebinur Lake Watershed. Sci Rep, 10, 1354. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57898-8 google scholar
  41. Zhang, T., Yang, X., Hu, S. and Su, F. (2013). Extraction of coastline in aquaculture coast from multispectral remote sensing images: Object-based region growing integrating edge detection. Remote sensing, 5(9), 4470-4487. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5094470 google scholar