Journals / TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni / 2015 / Cilt: 14 - Sayı: 3

Microorganisms and their interaction with human body

Mikroorganizmalar ve insan vücudu ile olan etkileşimleri

Pages
272–278
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this review, pathogen microorganisms, flora and their relation with human beings have been attempted to consider and three major hypotheses about host discrimination between pathogens and non-pathogens have been intended to explain

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:If we compare the number of human beings to the number of bacteria living on the earth at the same time, it appears a proportion as around 1/1018 in favor of bacteria.
📊
Key Findings & Data:During the same period, chronical diseases have been increased at a great pace (dramatically) and even remission has been accepted to be quite an achievement.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In this review, pathogen microorganisms, flora and their relation with human beings have been attempted to consider and three major hypotheses about host discrimination between pathogens and non-pathogens have been intended to explain
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

If we compare the number of human beings to the number of bacteria living on the earth at the same time, it appears a proportion as around 1/1018 in favor of bacteria. Analyzing the association of the human beings in relation with such a crowded community has become a necessity. However, studies have generally been focused on the noxious bacteria and non-noxious bacteria have been ignored. This circumstance has been provided a variety of achievements including full recovery of the infection diseases. During the same period, chronical diseases have been increased at a great pace (dramatically) and even remission has been accepted to be quite an achievement. It is expected that, especially, particular etiopathogenesis of chronical diseases being associated with hypothesis and not clarified implicitly can be grounded on that, the factors inducing the diseases are not appear enough and some of them are even disregarded. Possibly, the missing point is that, the pathogens were majored on and non-pathogen bacteria's relation with human beings has not been analyzed sufficiently. Attending to this point, increasing studies faced to a big problem: how can the human body discriminate the bacteria, most of them have surface antigens, as pathogen or non-pathogen? In this review, pathogen microorganisms, flora and their relation with human beings have been attempted to consider and three major hypotheses about host discrimination between pathogens and non-pathogens have been intended to explain

Özet

Dünya üzerinde aynı anda yaşayan insan sayısını, bakteri sayısına oranlarsak karşımıza 1/1018gibi bakteriler lehine oldukça büyük bir oran çıkmaktadır. Böylesine kalabalık bir topluluk ile sürekli ilişki içinde bulanmak durumunda olan insanoğlunun bu ilişkilerini incelemek bir zorunluluk olmuştur. Ancak yapılan çalışmalarda genellikle insan için zararlı olan bakteriler ön planda tutulmuş, insan için yararlı olan bakteriler göz ardı edilmiştir. Bu durum enfeksiyon hastalıklarında tam iyileşmeye kadar varan başarılar sağlamıştır. Aynı zaman diliminde kronik hastalıklar (Tip II Diyabet, Hipertansiyon, Obezite, Metabolik Send. vb.) büyük bir hızla artmış ve bu hastalıklarda remisyon dahi başarı sayılmıştır. Özellikle, kronik hastalıkların etyopataogenezinin belli oranda hipotezlerden ibaret olması ve tam açıklama getirilememiş olması, söz konusu hastalıklara zemin hazırlayan faktörlerin yeterince anlaşılamamış, hatta bazılarının göz ardı edilmesinden kaynaklanmış olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Belki de burada kaçırılan noktalardan biri, patojen bakterilere odaklanılması ve patojenlerin haricinde insan için yararlı bakterilerin insan ile ilişkilerinin yeterince incelenmemiş olmasıdır. Bu noktaya biraz daha dikkat edilmesi ile artan araştırmaların önüne büyük bir sorun çıkmıştır: İnsan vücudu, pek çoğu yüzey antijenine sahip bu bakterileri patojen ya da non-patojen diye nasıl ayırmaktadır? Bu makalede patojen mikroorganizmalar, flora ve bunların insan ile olan ilişkileri açıklanıp patojen ve non-patojen ayrımının konak tarafından nasıl yapıldığı hakkındaki üç majör hipotez açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır

🔖

Cite This Article

ÇETİN, R., GÜVEN, G. B., TUNÇBİLEK, V., DEVELİ, S., AYKUTLUĞ, Ö., KORKMAZ, A. (2015). Microorganisms and their interaction with human body. TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni, Cilt: 14 - Sayı: 3, 272–278. https://ajindex.com/articles/125345

References (10)

  1. Sekirov I, Russell SL, Antunes LC, Finlay BB. Gut microbiota in health and disease. Physiol Rev. 2010;90(3):859-904.
  2. Curtis MM, Sperandio V. A complex relationship: the interaction among symbiotic microbes, invading pathogens, and their mammalian host. Mucosal immunol. 2011;4(2):133-8. Eberl G. A new vision of immunity: homeostasis of the superorganism. Mucosal immunol. 2010;3(5):450-60. Sansonetti PJ. To be or not to be a pathogen: that is the mucosally relevant question. Mucosal immunol. 2011;4(1):8-14.
  3. O'Hara AM, Shanahan F. The gut flora as a forgotten organ. EMBO reports. 2006;7(7):688-93.
  4. Koshland DE, Jr. Special essay. The seven pillars of life. Science. 2002;295(5563):2215-6. Signore A. About inflammation and infection. EJNMMI research. 2013;3(1):8. Medzhitov R. Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response. Nature. 2007;449(7164):819-26. Netea MG, van der Graaf C, Van der Meer JW, Kullberg BJ. Toll-like receptors and the host defense against microbial pathogens: bringing specificity to the innate-immune system. J Leukoc Biol. 2004;75(5):749-55.
  5. Janeway Jr CA, Medzhitov R. Innate immune recognition. Annu Rev Immunol. 2002;20(1):197-216.
  6. Whitman WB, Coleman DC, Wiebe WJ. Prokaryotes: the unseen majority. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1998;95(12):6578- 83. Bianconi E, Piovesan A, Facchin F, Beraudi A, Casadei R, Frabetti F, et al. An estimation of the number of cells in the human body. Ann Hum Biol. 2013;40(6):463-71.
  7. Lagier JC, Million M, Hugon P, Armougom F, Raoult D. Human gut microbiota: repertoire and variations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012;2:136. Wallace TC, Guarner F, Madsen K, Cabana MD, Gibson G, Hentges E, et al. Human gut microbiota and its relationship to health and disease. Nutr Rev. 2011;69(7):392-403.
  8. Gill SR, Pop M, DeBoy RT, Eckburg PB, Turnbaugh PJ, Samuel BS, et al. Metagenomic analysis of the human distal gut microbiome. Science. 2006;312(5778):1355-9. International Human Genome Sequencing C. Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome. Nature. 2004;431(7011):931-45.
  9. Qin J, Li R, Raes J, Arumugam M, Burgdorf KS, Manichanh C, et al. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature. 2010;464(7285):59- 65. de Vrese M, Schrezenmeir J. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2008;111:1-66.
  10. Roberfroid M, Gibson GR, Hoyles L, McCartney AL, Rastall R, Rowland I, et al. Prebiotic effects: m