Journals / Demiryolu Mühendisliği / 2026 / Sayı: 23

A Job Shop-Based Approach to the Train Scheduling Problem: Case Studies from Türkiye

Tren Çizelgeleme Problemine Karmaşık Atölye Tabanlı Bir Yaklaşım: Türkiye Uygulama Örnekleri

Selma Saka Sezer(TCDD Taşımacılık A.Ş.)0009-0000-6400-9467
Ertan Güner(GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)
Pages
18–35
Publication Date
2026-01-19
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Deriving section and station processing times based on the TCDD 2025 Network Statement and related activity reports, defining train types according to national operational priorities, and jointly analyzing blocking, delay, and computation time under different demand scenarios constitute the main original contributions of this study.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:This study addresses the train scheduling problem by applying the Parallel Machine Assignment (PMA) model proposed in literature to two single-track, bidirectional railway corridors selected from the Turkish railway network (Fevzipaşa–Toprakkale and Irmak–Boğazköprü).
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Key Findings & Data:Using precedence variables from the disjunctive graph formulation, the blocking-constrained train scheduling problem is formulated as a mixed-integer programming model and tested under four different demand levels (8, 10, 12, and 15 trains) and various train type combinations using the IBM ILOG CPLEX solver.
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Conclusion & Impact:Deriving section and station processing times based on the TCDD 2025 Network Statement and related activity reports, defining train types according to national operational priorities, and jointly analyzing blocking, delay, and computation time under different demand scenarios constitute the main original contributions of this study.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2025 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Tren Çizelgeleme · Karmaşık Atölye Tipi Çizelgeleme · Bloklama

Abstract

This study addresses the train scheduling problem by applying the Parallel Machine Assignment (PMA) model proposed in literature to two single-track, bidirectional railway corridors selected from the Turkish railway network (Fevzipaşa–Toprakkale and Irmak–Boğazköprü). Using precedence variables from the disjunctive graph formulation, the blocking-constrained train scheduling problem is formulated as a mixed-integer programming model and tested under four different demand levels (8, 10, 12, and 15 trains) and various train type combinations using the IBM ILOG CPLEX solver. The results, evaluated in terms of total delay, blocking percentage, bottleneck sections, and computation time, show that the Irmak–Boğazköprü corridor, due to its longer and more uneven station spacing, generates significantly higher blocking, delay, and computational effort compared to the Fevzipaşa–Toprakkale corridor. The study provides a mixed-integer programming modeling and test data set template for complex job-shop-based, blocking-constrained train scheduling problems in the Turkish railway network and distinguishes itself from the literature by being the first to adapt such a model to two real corridors in Turkey. Deriving section and station processing times based on the TCDD 2025 Network Statement and related activity reports, defining train types according to national operational priorities, and jointly analyzing blocking, delay, and computation time under different demand scenarios constitute the main original contributions of this study.

Özet

Bu çalışmada, literatürde önerilen Paralel Makine Atama (PMA) modeli kullanılarak bloklama kısıtlı tren çizelgeleme problemi ele alınmış ve model, Türkiye demiryolu ağından seçilen iki tek hatlı–çift yönlü koridor (Fevzipaşa–Toprakkale ve Irmak–Boğazköprü) üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Ayrık graf formülasyonundaki öncelik değişkenleriyle karma tam sayılı programlama yapısına aktarılan model, dört farklı talep düzeyi (8, 10, 12 ve 15 tren) ve farklı tren tipi birleşimleri altında IBM ILOG CPLEX çözücüsü ile test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar; toplam gecikme, bloklanma yüzdesi, darboğaz kesitleri ve çözüm süreleri açısından karşılaştırıldığında, daha uzun ve dengesiz istasyon aralıklarına sahip Irmak–Boğazköprü koridorunun Fevzipaşa–Toprakkale koridoruna kıyasla daha yüksek bloklanma, gecikme ve hesaplama süresi ürettiği gösterilmiştir. Çalışma, Türkiye demiryolu ağı için karmaşık atölye tabanlı, bloklama kısıtlı tren çizelgeleme problemlerine yönelik bir MIP modelleme ve test veri seti şablonu sunmakta; gerçek iki Türk koridoruna ilk kez uygulanması, işlem sürelerinin TCDD 2025 Şebeke Bildirimi ve ilgili raporlara dayalı olarak türetilmesi, tren tiplerinin işletme önceliklerine göre tanımlanması ve farklı talep senaryolarında bloklanma–gecikme–hesaplama süresinin birlikte analiz edilmesi bakımından literatüre özgün katkılar sağlamaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Sezer, S. S., Güner, E. (2026). A Job Shop-Based Approach to the Train Scheduling Problem: Case Studies from Türkiye. Demiryolu Mühendisliği, Sayı: 23, 18–35. https://doi.org/10.47072/demiryolu.1841796

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