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Journals / Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2

Antibacterial and Molecular Effects of Natural Compounds (Bee Venom, Red Propolis, and Juniperus spp.) on Paenibacillus larvae

Doğal Bileşiklerin (Arı Zehri, Kırmızı Propolis ve Juniperus sp.) Paenibacillus larvae Üzerindeki Antibakteriyel ve Moleküler Etkileri

Dilek Kabakcı(MUŞ ALPARSLAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-3296-0394
Pages
518–528
Publication Date
2026-08-31
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Antibiogram test results showed that the largest zone diameter was observed with Juniperus sp. extract, followed by red propolis and bee venom.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The causative agent of American foulbrood, Paenibacillus larvae, is a leading cause of significant losses in beekeeping.
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Key Findings & Data:After 18 hours, RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis were performed, and changes in gene expression levels were observed in the bacteria.
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Conclusion & Impact:Antibiogram test results showed that the largest zone diameter was observed with Juniperus sp. extract, followed by red propolis and bee venom.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Paenibacillus larvae · arı zehri · kırmızı propolis

Abstract

The causative agent of American foulbrood, Paenibacillus larvae, is a leading cause of significant losses in beekeeping. In this study, the agent was isolated, its bacteriological characteristics were identified, and the expression levels of antibiotic resistance genes were determined. The study also assessed the antibacterial effects of bee venom, red propolis, Juniperus sp. extract, and ampicillin on Paenibacillus larvae. In this molecular study, during the growth of bacteria in liquid culture medium, bee venom, red propolis, Juniperus spp. extract, and ampicillin were added to the medium at antibiogram concentrations, and bacterial growth was monitored. After 18 hours, RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis were performed, and changes in gene expression levels were observed in the bacteria. The study revealed distinct colony structures for Paenibacillus larvae in microbiological tests, exhibiting scattered borders and gram-positive, catalase-positive, and oxidase-negative characteristics. Antibiogram test results showed that the largest zone diameter was observed with Juniperus sp. extract, followed by red propolis and bee venom. Oxytetracycline and ampicillin were also effective. Expression levels for the Tet L gene region, identified as an antibiotic resistance gene, were detected in red propolis, Juniperus spp. extract, and bee venom. Similarly, expression levels for the Tet K gene region were found in Juniperus sp. extract, red propolis, and bee venom. The study found that bee venom had expression levels similar to ampicillin for both gene regions. Based on these results, it was determined that red propolis, Juniperus sp. extract, and bee venom affect the P. larvae pathogen and can be used as natural products in the treatment of honey bee diseases.

Özet

Amerikan yavru çürüklüğü etkeni Paenibacillus larvae arıcılıkta büyük kayıplara sebep olan etkenlerin başında gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada etkenin izolasyonu, mikrobiyal özellikleri ve antibiyotik direnç genlerinin ekspresyon seviyesi belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada arı zehri, kırmızı propolis, Juniperus spp ekstraktı ve ampisilin etkenlerinin Paenibacillus larvae üzerindeki antibakteriyel etkileri belirlenmiştir. Moleküler olarak gerçekleştirilen çalışma neticesinde bakterilerin sıvı besi yerinde gelişimleri esnasında; arı zehri, kırmızı propolis, Juniperus sp ekstraktı ve ampisilin etkenleri antibiyogram konsantrasyonlarında sıvı besi yerlerine katılarak gelişimleri beklenmiştir. 18 saatin sonunda bakterilerden RNA izolasyonu, cDNA sentezi ve genlerinin ekspresyon seviyelerindeki değişimler izlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda mikrobiyolojik testlerde Paenibacillus larvae için belirgin koloni yapıları izlenmiş ve dağınık kenarlı gram pozitif, katalaz pozitif ve oksidaz negatif özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Antibiyogram test sonuçlarında en geniş zon çapının Juniperus spp ekstraktı, daha sonra kırmızı porpoplis ve arı zehrinde olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte oksitetrasiklin ve ampisilinin de etkili oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Antibiyotik direnç gen bölgesi olarak belirlenen, Tet L gen bölgesi için ise ekspresyon seviyesi kırmızı propolis, Juniperus sp ekstraktı ve arı zehrinde olduğu, Tet K gen bölgesi için ise ekspresyon seviyesi Juniperus sp ekstraktı, kırmızı propolis ve arı zehrinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda her iki gen bölgesi için arı zehri ampisilinle benzer ekspresyon seviyesinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar neticesinde P. larvae etkeni üzerine kırmızı propolis, Juniperus spp ekstraktı ve arı zehrinin etkisi olduğu doğal ürün olarak bal arısı hastalıklarında kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.

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Cite This Article

Kabakcı, D. (2026). Antibacterial and Molecular Effects of Natural Compounds (Bee Venom, Red Propolis, and Juniperus spp.) on Paenibacillus larvae. Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 518–528. https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.1947350

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