SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi / 2020 / Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2

The Comparison Of Physical Capacities, In-Game Activity Profiles And Decision-Making Skills Of Football Referees According To Their Experience Level

Hakan Karabalcık(MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-6880-592X
Özcan Saygın(MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-0380-586X
Halil İbrahim Ceylan(ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-1133-5511
Pages
219–229
Publication Date
2020-09-06
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It was found that less-experienced referees made more incorrect decisions in the match than experienced referees (9.60±4.21 and 20.20±2.68) (p<0.05).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The aim of this study was to compare the physical capacities, in-game activity profiles and decision-making skills of experienced and less experienced football referees during the match.
📊
Key Findings & Data:A total of 10 football referees, 5 experienced (>5 years) and 5 less experienced (<5 years) participated in this study voluntarily.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:It was found that less-experienced referees made more incorrect decisions in the match than experienced referees (9.60±4.21 and 20.20±2.68) (p<0.05).
🔬Design:Olgu Sunumu
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Activity Profile · Decision-Making · Football Referee

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the physical capacities, in-game activity profiles and decision-making skills of experienced and less experienced football referees during the match. A total of 10 football referees, 5 experienced (>5 years) and 5 less experienced (<5 years) participated in this study voluntarily. As a result of statistical analysis; aerobic capacity of experienced referees (61.14±3.31 ml/kg/min) was significantly higher than less-experienced referees (54.67±2.93 ml/kg/min.) (p<0.05). As compared with less-experienced referees (9.09±1.08 km), the total distance covered (10.73±.41 km) and sprint distance of experienced referees (experienced: 686.95±140.93 m, less-experienced: 459.85±168.37 m) were significantly higher in the match. There was no significant difference in the total decision scores in two football competitions between experienced and less experienced referees (184.80 ± 21.25 and 193.40±26.12) (p>0.05). It was found that less-experienced referees made more incorrect decisions in the match than experienced referees (9.60±4.21 and 20.20±2.68) (p<0.05). Experienced referees had higher in-game activity profiles than less-experienced referees, and their incorrect decision making scores were lower. In addition, in order to minimize the incorrect decision scores of the experienced and especially less-experienced referees in the match, it is thought that it is important to include exercises related to perceptual-motor skills in training programs as well as physical training.

🔖

Cite This Article

Karabalcık, H., Saygın, Ö., Ceylan, H. İ., *, Ö. S. (2020). The Comparison Of Physical Capacities, In-Game Activity Profiles And Decision-Making Skills Of Football Referees According To Their Experience Level. Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 219–229. https://ajindex.com/articles/1234332

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (43)

  1. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 10nd Ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2018
  2. Aslan K, Saygin O, Ceylan HI. Futbol hakemlerinin farkli egzersiz siddetlerinde sezinleme zamani, kan laktat duzeyi ve karar verme becerilerinin incelenmesi. CBU Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;13(2):260-276 (In Turkish)
  3. Bangsbo J, Laia FM, Krustrup P. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test, a useful tool for evaluation of physical performance in intermittent sport, Sports Medicine. 2008;38(1):37-51
  4. Barbero-Álvarez J, Boullosa DA, Nakamura FY, Andrin G, Castagna C. Physical and physiological demands of field and assistant soccer referees during America's cup. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2012;26(5):1383-1388
  5. Castagna C, Abt G. Intermatch variation of match activity in elite Italian soccer referees. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2003;17(2):388-392 6. Castagna C, Abt G, D’Ottavio S. Physiological aspects of soccer refereeing performance and training. Sports Medicine. 2007;37(7):625-646
  6. Castagna C, Abt G, D'Ottavio S. Activity profile of international-level soccer referees during competitive matches. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2004;18(3);486-490
  7. Castagna C, Abt G, D'Ottavio S. Competitive-level differences in Yo-Yo intermittent recovery and twelve minute run test performance in soccer referees. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2005a;19(4):805-809 9. Castagna C, Abt G, D'ottavio S, Weston M. Age-related effects on fitness performance in elite-level soccer referees. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2005b;19(4):785-790
  8. Castagna C, Bizzini M, Povoas SCA, Schenk K, Büsser G, D'Ottavio S. Aerobic Fitness in top-class soccer referees. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2019;33(11):3098-3104
  9. Castagna C, Impellizzeri FM, Bizzini M, Weston M, Manzi V. Applicability of a change of direction ability field test in soccerassistant referees. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2011;25:860-866
  10. Castillo D, Camara J, Lozano D, Berzosa C, Yanci J. The association between physical performance and match-play activities of field and assistants soccer referees. Research in Sports Medicine. 2019;27(3):283-297
  11. Castillo D, Yanci J, Casajus JA, Camara J. Physical fitness and physiological characteristics of soccer referees. Science & Sports. 2016;31(1):27-35
  12. Choi Y, Roh J. Activity profile and physiological responses of Korean amateur football referees during matches. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2018;30(2):351-354
  13. Costa EC, Vieira CM, Moreira A, Ugrinowitsch C, Castagna C, Aoki MS. Monitoring external and internal loads of Brazilian soccer referees during official matches. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2013;12(3):559-564 16. Da Silva AI, Fernandes LC, Fernandez R. Energy expenditure and intensity of physical activity in soccer referees during match-play. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2008;7(3):327–334
  14. Dolanski B, Szwarc A, Heinig B, Sitek M. Physical activity profile of the referee and the assistant referee during official football matches. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport. 2017;9(3):97-105 18. Draper N, Whyte G. Here's a new running based test of anaerobic performance for which you need only a stopwatch and a calculator. Peak Perform. 1997;97:3-5
  15. Durnin JV, Womersley J. Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. British Journal of Nutrition. 1974;32(1):77-97
  16. E Silva LDL, Godey ESD, Neves EB, Vale RGS, Lopez JAH, Nunes RDAM. Heart rate and the distance performed by the soccer referees during matches: a systematic review. Arch. Med. Deporte. 2019;36(1):36-42
  17. Elsworthy N, Burke D, Dascombe JB. Factors relating to the decision-making performance of Australian football officials. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. 2014;14(2):401-410
  18. FIFA. Laws of the game 2015/16. Switzerland: Federation Internationale de Football Association; 2016
  19. Gomez-Carmona C, Pino-Ortega J. Kinematic and physiological analysis of the performance of the referee football and its relationship with decision making. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 2016;11(4):397-414
  20. Helsen W, Bultynck JB. Physical and perceptual-cognitive demands of top-class refereeing in association football. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2004;22(2):179-189
  21. Hossner EJ, Schnyder U, Schmid J, Kredel R. The role of viewing distance and viewing angle on referees’ decision-making performance during the FIFA World Cup 2014. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2019;37(13):1481-1489
  22. Ishihara Y, Naito H, Ozaki H, Yoshimura M. Aerobic fitness relation to match performance of japanese soccer referees. Football Science. 2015;12:91-97
  23. Joo CH, Jee H. Activity profiles of top-class players and referees and accuracy in foul decision-making during Korean national league soccer games. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2019;33(9):2530-2540
  24. Kokaly M, Penailillo L, Villagran C, Mackay K, Jannas S, Deldicque L, et al. changes in cortisol and immunoglobulin a concentrations in referees during a professional football match. Journal of sports science & medicine. 2018;17(4):689-690
  25. Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Physiological demands of top-class soccer refereeing in relation to physical capacity: effect of intense intermittent exercise training. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2001;19(11):881–891
  26. Krustrup P, Helsen W, Randers MB, Christensen JF, MacDonald C, Rebelo AN, et al. Activity profile and physical demands of football referees and assistant referees in international games. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2009;27(11):1167-1176
  27. Krustrup P, Mohr M, Bangsbo J. Activity profile and physiological demands of top-class soccer assistant refereeing in relation to training status. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2002;20(11):861-871
  28. Krustrup P, Mohr M, Nybo L, Majgaard JJ, Nielsen JJ, Bangsbo J. The Yo-Yo IR2 test: physiological response, reliability, and application to elite soccer. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 206; 38:1666- 1673
  29. Mallo J, Frutos PG, Juarez D, Navarro E. Effect of positioning on the accuracy of decision making of association football top-class referees and assistant referees during competitive matches. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2012;30(13):1437-1445
  30. Mallo J, Navarro E, Aranda JMG, Helsen WF. Activity profile of top-class association football referees in relation to fitness-test performance and match standard. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2009a;27(1):9-17
  31. Mallo J, Navarro E, Aranda JG, Helsen W. Physical demands of top-class soccer assistant refereeing during high-standard matches. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2009b;30(05):331-336
  32. Mazaheri R, Halabchi F, Barghi TS, Mansournia MA. Cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition of soccer referees; do these correlate with proper performance? Asian Journal of Sports Medicine. 2016;7(1): e29577
  33. McMorris T, Hale BJ. Differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition: a meta-analytical investigation. Brain and Cognition. 2012;80(3):338-351
  34. Randers MB, Mujika I, Hewitt A, Santisteban J, Bischoff R, Solano R, et al. Application of four different football match analysis systems: A comparative study. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2010;28(2):171-182
  35. Riiser A, Andersen V, Sæterbakken A, Ylvisaker E, Moe VF. Running performance and position is not related to decision-making accuracy in referees. Sports Medicine International Open. 2019;3(2):66-71
  36. Rooks CR, Thom NJ, McCully KK, Dishman RK. Effects of incremental exercise on cerebral oxygenation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy: A systematic review. Progress in Neurobiology. 2010;92(2):134–150
  37. Sanchez-Garcia M, Sanchez-Sanchez J, Rodriguez-Fernandez A, Solano D, Castillo D. Relationships between sprint ability and endurance capacity in soccer referees. Sports. 2018;6(2):28. doi: 10.3390/sports6020028 42. Saputra MY, Subarjah H, Komarudin K, Hidayat Y. The physical ability of the assistant referee in decision making in the ındonesian league. Advances in Health Sciences Research. 2019;11:164-166
  38. Schweizer G, Plessner H, Kahlert D, Brand R. A video-based training method for improving soccer referees’ intuitive decision-making skills. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2011;23(4):429-442
  39. Weston M. Match performances of soccer referees: the role of sports science. Movement & Sport Sciences-Science & Motricite. 2015;87:113-117
  40. Weston M, Castagna C, Impellizzeri FM, Bizzini M, Williams AM, Gregson W. Science and medicine applied to soccer refereeing. Sports Medicine. 2012;42(7):615-631
  41. Weston M, Castagna C, Impellizzeri FM, Rampinini E, Abt G. Analysis of physical match performance in English Premier League soccer referees with particular reference to first half and player work rates. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2007;10(6):390-397
  42. Weston M, Castagna C, Impellizzeri FM, Rampinini E, Breivik S. Ageing and physical match performance in English Premier League soccer referees. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2010;13(1):96-100 48. Weston M, Drust B, Gregson W. Intensities of exercise during match-play in FA Premier League referees and players. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2011;29(5):527-532
  43. Zagatto AM, Beck WR, Gobatto CA. Validity of the running anaerobic sprint test for assessing anaerobic power and predicting short-distance performances. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2009;23(6):1820-1827 50. Zorba E, Saygin O. Fiziksel aktivite ve fiziksel uygunluk. Ankara: Firat Maatbacilik; 2013 (In Turkish)