Journals / Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3

Comparison of the Physical Fitness Levels between Premenarcheal and Postmenarcheal Adolescents

Premenarşeal ve Postmenarşeal Ergenler Arasındaki Fiziksel Uygunluk Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması

Elif Aycan Atak(SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0000-6801-2081
Hüseyin Aslan(Selçuk üniversitesi)0000-0003-1008-6058
Mehmet Akif Ziyagil Ziyagil(MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SPOR BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, SPOR YÖNETİCİLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0003-0984-0607
Pages
555–564
Publication Date
2025-12-31
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, this study provides a significant scientific foundation for monitoring the physical fitness levels of girls, especially during the pre-menarche period, and for developing targeted strengthening, body composition monitoring, and injury prevention strategies specific to this phase.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Research findings on understanding the critical impact of biological maturation on physical performance through research findings will enable coaches and physical educators to group adolescent athletes based on their biological maturity levels rather than chronological age.
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Key Findings & Data:This approach will allow them to design fairer, safer, and more effective training programs by identifying potential risks, such as losses in strength and speed observed during the post-menarche period, and developing strength and injury prevention strategies specific to this phase.
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Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, this study provides a significant scientific foundation for monitoring the physical fitness levels of girls, especially during the pre-menarche period, and for developing targeted strengthening, body composition monitoring, and injury prevention strategies specific to this phase.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Menarj · adölesan · fiziksel uygunluk bileşenleri.

Abstract

Research findings on understanding the critical impact of biological maturation on physical performance through research findings will enable coaches and physical educators to group adolescent athletes based on their biological maturity levels rather than chronological age. This approach will allow them to design fairer, safer, and more effective training programs by identifying potential risks, such as losses in strength and speed observed during the post-menarche period, and developing strength and injury prevention strategies specific to this phase. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of menarche on the physical fitness levels of adolescent female groups. In the study, pre-tests were administered to 26 sedentary pre-pubertal female students of different ages, measuring body weight, height, BMI, flexibility, vertical jump, handgrip strength, backward medicine ball throw, agility, and sprint speed. Nine months later, the physical fitness tests were repeated for the same participants, who were divided into two groups: those who had not yet experienced menarche (premenarcheal), with a mean age of 151.77 months (12.65 years), and those who had started menstruating (postmenarcheal), with a mean age of 166.92 months (13.91 years). Data analysis included an independent t-test to compare the two groups during pre- and post-tests and a paired sample t-test to determine the 9-month changes in physical fitness components within each group. The findings of this study reveal that menarche has complex and multifaceted effects on the physical fitness parameters of adolescent girls. During the pre- and post-tests, only the mean sprint speed of the younger premenarcheal group differed significantly from that of the older postmenarcheal group. Over the nine-month period, the premenarcheal group showed moderate effect sizes in height and small effect sizes in body weight and BMI, whereas the postmenarcheal group exhibited small effect sizes in height and body weight and a large effect size in mean sprint speed. In the younger group, non-significant increases were observed in flexibility, vertical jump, and medicine ball throw, while non-significant decreases were noted in right and left handgrip strength. In the older postmenarcheal group, non-significant increases were found in BMI and flexibility, whereas non-significant decreases were observed in right and left handgrip strength and agility. The results highlight the critical relationship between biological maturity level and physical performance, emphasizing the necessity of planning training programs based on biological maturity rather than chronological age. Specifically, the declines in handgrip strength and variability in sprint performance observed during the post-menarche period point to risks unique to this transitional phase. In light of these findings, the most important practical implication for coaches and physical education specialists is that evaluating early- and late-maturing individuals within the same groups may negatively affect performance and potentially increase the risk of injury. In conclusion, this study provides a significant scientific foundation for monitoring the physical fitness levels of girls, especially during the pre-menarche period, and for developing targeted strengthening, body composition monitoring, and injury prevention strategies specific to this phase.

Özet

Menarş sonrası dönemde gözlemlenen kuvvet ve sürat kaybı gibi potansiyel riskleri önceden tespit edilmesi, bu döneme özgü güçlendirme ve sakatlıktan korunma stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi için biyolojik olgunlaşmanın fiziksel performans üzerindeki kritik etkisini anlaşılmasında araştırma bulgularının, antrenörler ve beden eğitimcilerin, ergen sporcuları kronolojik yaş yerine biyolojik olgunluk düzeylerine göre gruplandırmaları ve böylece daha adil, güvenli ve etkili antrenman programları tasarlamalarına olanak tanıyacaktır. Böylece bu çalışma, menarj olmanın adölesan kadın gruplarının fiziksel uygunluk düzeyine etkisinin araştırılmasını amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada farklı yaşlarda prepubertal sedanter 26 kız öğrencinin ön test ölçümlerinde vücut ağırlığı ile boy uzunluğu, BKİ, esneklik, dikey sıçrama, el kavrama kuvveti, dikey sıçrama, geriye top atma ile çeviklik ve sprint sürati testleri uygulanmıştır. Dokuz ay sonra bu gruptan ortalama yaşı 151,77 ay (12,65 yıl) olan menarj olmamış (premenarchial) ile adet görmeye başlayan (postmenarchial) ortalama yaşı 166,92 ay (13.91 yıl ve 26 adölesan katılımcının ön test sırasında fiziksel uygunluk testleri tekrarlanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde ön test ve son test sırasında iki grubun karşılaştırılmasında bağımsız t-testi ile her grupta fiziksel uygunluk bileşenlerindeki 9 aylık değişimi belirlemek için eşleştirilmiş örneklem t-testi kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, menarş olmanın ergen kızlarda fiziksel uygunluk parametreleri üzerinde karmaşık ve çok yönlü etkileri olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ön ve son testler sırasında sadece premenarşiyal düşük yaş grubunun ön test ortalama sürat değeri postmenarşiyal büyük yaş grubundan anlamlı düzeyde farklıdır. Son dokuz ayda premenarşiyal grupta boy uzunluğunda orta etki büyüklüğüne, vücut ağırlığı ve BKİ’de küçük etki büyüklüğüne yol açarken postmenarşiyal grupta boy uzunluğunda ve vücut ağırlığı ortalamaların küçük etki büyüklüğüne ve ortalama sprint süratinde büyük etki büyüklüğüne sahiptir. Küçük yaş grubunda esneklik, dikey sıçrama, sağlık topu atışta anlamlı olmayan artış varken sağ ve sol el kavrama kuvvetinde anlamlı olmayan düşüş vardır. postmenarşiyal büyük yaş grubunda BKİ ve esneklikte anlamlı olmayan artış, sağ ve sol el kavrama kuvveti ve çeviklikte anlamlı olmayan azalma gözlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, biyolojik olgunluk düzeyi ile fiziksel performans arasındaki kritik ilişkiyi vurgulayarak, antrenman programlarının kronolojik yaş yerine biyolojik olgunluğa göre planlanmasının gerekliliğini Özellikle menarş sonrası dönemde gözlemlenen el kavrama kuvvetindeki düşüşler ve sürat performansındaki değişkenlik, bu geçiş dönemine özgü risklere işaret etmektedir. Bu bulgular ışığında, antrenörler ve beden eğitimi uzmanları için en önemli pratik çıkarım, erken ve geç olgunlaşan bireyleri aynı gruplarda değerlendirmenin performansı ve muhtemelen sakatlık riskini olumsuz etkileyebileceğidir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, özellikle menarş öncesi dönemindeki kız çocuklarının fiziksel uygunluk düzeylerinin izlenmesi ve bu döneme özgü güçlendirme, vücut kompozisyonunun takibi ile sakatlıktan korunma stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi için önemli bir bilimsel alt yapı sağlamaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Atak, E. A., Aslan, H., Ziyagil, M. A. Z., *, H. A. (2025). Comparison of the Physical Fitness Levels between Premenarcheal and Postmenarcheal Adolescents. Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 555–564. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1805600

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