Journals / Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2

Parallel Mediating Effect of Mindfulness and Loneliness on the Relationship Between Insomnia and Life Satisfaction in Esports Players

Espor Oyuncularında Uykusuzluk ve Yaşam Doyumu Arasındaki İlişkiye Farkındalık ve Yalnızlığın Paralel Aracılık Etkisi

Seyhan Bekir(DEMİROĞLU BİLİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-4191-6539
Egemen Mancı(IZMIR DEMOCRACY UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-8965-4884
İpek Ergönül(DOKUZ EYLÜL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-5429-0387
Kübra Dombak(SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)
Samet Makas(SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-9896-4013
Pages
300–309
Publication Date
2026-08-31
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Understanding the insomnia of esports players and mediating its effects is crucial for improving their performance and overall health, and life satisfaction.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Understanding the insomnia of esports players and mediating its effects is crucial for improving their performance and overall health, and life satisfaction.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The study data were obtained from 340 participants, comprising 297 (87.4%) males and 43 (12.6%) females, with an average age of 18.90 (SD = 2.35).
💡
Conclusion & Impact:This study's approach thus fills a significant gap in both the esports psychology literature and the practical management of esports players' mental health, positioning itself as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers interested in the intersection of competitive sports.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:espor · uykusuzluk · yaşam doyrumu

Abstract

Understanding the insomnia of esports players and mediating its effects is crucial for improving their performance and overall health, and life satisfaction. This study also aimed to understand how the insomnia of esports players affects their life satisfaction and to shed light on the underlying mechanisms of these effects. The study data were obtained from 340 participants, comprising 297 (87.4%) males and 43 (12.6%) females, with an average age of 18.90 (SD = 2.35). The researchers investigated the parallel mediating roles of mindfulness and loneliness in the relationship between insomnia and life satisfaction among esports players, employing correlational research methods. Furthermore, the convenience sampling method was chosen for data collection. Life satisfaction was found to be negatively correlated with both insomnia and loneliness and positively correlated with mindfulness. This indicates that higher levels of insomnia and loneliness are associated with lower life satisfaction, whereas greater mindfulness is correlated with higher life satisfaction. This study's approach thus fills a significant gap in both the esports psychology literature and the practical management of esports players' mental health, positioning itself as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers interested in the intersection of competitive sports.

Özet

Espor oyuncularının uykusuzluğunu anlamak ve bu durumun etkilerini aracılık eden süreçlerle birlikte ele almak, onların performanslarını, genel sağlıklarını ve yaşam doyumlarını iyileştirmek açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma espor oyuncularının uykusuzluklarının yaşam doyumlarını nasıl etkilediğini anlamayı ve bu etkilerin altında yatan mekanizmalara ışık tutmayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışma verileri, yaş ortalaması 18.90 (SS = 2.35) olan, 297’si (%87.4) erkek ve 43’ü (%12.6) kadın toplam 340 katılımcıdan elde edilmiştir. Araştırmacılar, korelasyonel araştırma yöntemleri kullanarak, espor oyuncuları arasında uykusuzluk ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkide farkındalık ve yalnızlığın paralel aracılık rollerini incelemiştir. Ayrıca, veri toplama sürecinde kolayda örnekleme yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Yaşam doyumunun hem uykusuzluk hem de yalnızlıkla negatif yönde, farkındalıkla ise pozitif yönde ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu durum, daha yüksek düzeyde uykusuzluk ve yalnızlığın daha düşük yaşam doyumuyla ilişkili olduğunu; buna karşılık daha yüksek farkındalığın daha yüksek yaşam doyumuyla ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, hem espor psikolojisi literatüründe hem de espor oyuncularının ruh sağlığının pratik yönetiminde önemli bir boşluğu doldurmakta; rekabetçi sporların kesişiminde yer alan araştırmacılar, uygulayıcılar ve politika yapıcılar için değerli bir kaynak sunmaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Bekir, S., Mancı, E., Ergönül, İ., Dombak, K., Makas, S., *, E. M. (2026). Parallel Mediating Effect of Mindfulness and Loneliness on the Relationship Between Insomnia and Life Satisfaction in Esports Players. Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 300–309. https://ajindex.com/articles/1234024

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (55)

  1. Manci E, Güdücü Ç, Günay E, Güvendi G, Campbell M, Bediz CŞ. The relationship between esports game genres and cognitive performance: A comparison between first-person shooter vs. multiplayer online battle arena games in younger adults. Entertain Comput 2024;50:100640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcom.2024.100640.
  2. Sharpe BT, Birch PDJ. Psychology of esports special issue: A catalyst for change. J Electron Gaming Esports 2025;2(1).
  3. Bonnar D, Castine B, Kakoschke N, Sharp G. Sleep and performance in E-athletes: For the win! Sleep Health 2019;5(6):647-650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2019.06.007.
  4. Guo N, Luk TT, Wu Y, Lai A, Li Y, Cheung DY, et al. Between- and within-person associations of mobile gaming time and total screen time with sleep problems in young adults: Daily assessment study. Addict Behav 2022;134:107408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107408.
  5. Killgore W, Weber M. Sleep deprivation and cognitive performance. Handb Clin Neurol 2014;125:209-229. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9087-6_16.
  6. Klier K, Seiler K, Wagner M. Influence of esports on sleep and stress. Z Sportpsychol 2022. https://doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010/a000368.
  7. Medic G, Wille M, Hemels M. Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption. Nat Sci Sleep 2017;9:151-161. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S134864.
  8. Makas S, Koç M. The mediating effect of emotional schemas in the relationship between online gaming addiction and life satisfaction. Sci Rep 2025;15(1):430. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84482-1.
  9. Yaşar P, Yıldırım A, Başkurt F, Başkurt Z, Parpucu Tİ. Sağlıklı genç yetişkinlerde basınç ağrı eşiği ile uyku kalitesi, yaşam doyumu ve genel psikolojik sağlık durumu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Med J Süleyman Demirel Univ 2022;29(3):346-355.
  10. Holding BC, Sundelin T, Lekander M, Axelsson J. Sleep deprivation and its effects on communication during individual and collaborative tasks. Sci Rep 2019;9(1):3131.
  11. Kļaviņa-Makrecka S. Sleep duration in association with subjective health and well-being. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis 2023.
  12. Yang XJ, Fan CY, Liu Q, Chu X, Song Y, Zhou Z. Parenting styles and children’s sleep quality: Examining the mediating roles of mindfulness and loneliness. Child Youth Serv Rev 2020;114:104921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104921.
  13. Brown KW, Ryan RM, Creswell JD. Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychol Inq 2007;18(4):211-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/10478400701598298.
  14. Jermann F, et al. Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction on sleep-related parameters in a community sample. Adv Integr Med 2024;11(4):273-279.
  15. Howell AJ, Digdon NL, Buro K. Mindfulness predicts sleep-related self-regulation and well-being. Pers Individ Differ 2010;48(4):419-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.11.009.
  16. González-Martín AM, et al. Effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on older adults with sleep disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023;11:1242868.
  17. Lee S, et al. Sleep characteristics and mood of professional esports athletes: A multi-national study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18(2):664.
  18. Brisbon NM, Lachman ME. Dispositional mindfulness and memory problems: The role of perceived stress and sleep quality. Mindfulness 2017;8:379-386.
  19. Suh Y, Han EK. Effects of a good sleep program on sleep quality, stress, and functional health in old-old women with insomnia: A quasi-experimental study. J Korean Acad Fundam Nurs 2024;31(4):515. https://doi.org/10.7739/jkafn.2024.31.4.515.
  20. Dombak K, Uğur E. Examining the relationship between the meaning attributed to marriage and loneliness: The mediating role of hopelessness. Int J Contemp Educ Res 2023;10(2):327-335.
  21. Büyükşakar S, Çelik E. Attachment styles and loneliness as predictors of phubbing amongst university students. Sakarya Univ J Educ 2024;14(1):18-32.
  22. Qin Y, Cho H, Zhang L. Augmentation and displacement effects of multiplayer social network games: Examining the roles of social interactions and co-players’ identities. Telemat Inform 2021;59:101558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101558.
  23. Jesmin S, Amin I. Adverse childhood experiences and sleep deprivation in older adults: The mediating role of social isolation. Innov Aging 2024;8:772. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.2509.
  24. Büyüköztürk Ş, Kılıç-Çakmak E, Akgün Ö, Karadeniz Ş. Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi; 2014.
  25. Scharkow M, Festl R, Vogelgesang J, Quandt T. Beyond the core-gamer: Genre preferences and gratifications in computer games. Comput Human Behav 2015;44:293-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.020.
  26. Toth AJ, Conroy E, Campbell MJ. Beyond action video games: Differences in gameplay and ability preferences among gaming genres. Entertain Comput 2021;38:100408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcom.2021.100408.
  27. McKay AK, Stellingwerff T, Smith ES, Martin DT, Mujika I, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, et al. Defining training and performance caliber: A participant classification framework. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021;17(2):317-331. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0451.
  28. Diener ED, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S. The satisfaction with life scale. J Pers Assess 1985;49(1):71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13.
  29. Dağlı A, Baysal N. Yaşam doyumu ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Elektron Sos Bilim Derg 2016;15(59). https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.263229.
  30. Pallesen S, Bjorvatn B, Nordhus IH, Sivertsen B, Hjørnevik MA, Morin CM. A new scale for measuring insomnia: The Bergen Insomnia Scale. Percept Mot Skills 2008;107(3):691-706. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.107.3.691-706.
  31. Bay T, Ergun A. Validity and reliability of Bergen Insomnia Scale (BIS) among adolescents. Clin Exp Health Sci 2018;8(4):268-275. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/610876.
  32. Özyeşil Z, Arslan C, Kesici S, Deniz ME. The validity and reliability study of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. Egitim Bilim 2011;36(160):224. https://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/697.
  33. Russell D, Peplau LA, Ferguson ML. Developing a measure of loneliness. J Pers Assess 1978;42(3):290-294. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4203_11.
  34. Doğan T, Çötok NA, Tekin EG. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) among university students. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 2011;15:2058-2062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.053
  35. Hayes AF. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Publications; 2017.
  36. Karlson CW, Gallagher MW, Olson CA, Hamilton NA. Insomnia symptoms and well-being: Longitudinal follow-up. Health Psychol 2013;32(3):311-319. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028186.
  37. Bonnar D, et al. Risk factors and sleep intervention considerations in esports: A review and practical guide. Sleep Med Res 2019;10(2):59-66.
  38. Manci E, Bekir S, Makas S, Kilci AK, Çakir YN, Demetrovics Z. Investigation of life satisfaction in esports athletes in terms of mindfulness and gaming motivation. J Basic Clin Health Sci 2023;7(3):164-173. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1278933.
  39. Kidcaff, A., Coulter, T., McNulty, C., & Polman, R. (2025). Exploring sleep behaviour in esports and factors associated with sleep quality. Advanced Exercise and Health Science, 2(2), 121-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aehs.2025.04.002.
  40. Hoang, P., Deppe, M., Alvarez, B., Klaes, A. A., Billimek, J., & Kim, B. Y. (2025). Exploring associations between sleep duration and performance as well as heart rate variability in elite esports athletes. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 32729. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-18228-y.
  41. Akel S, Baysal Yiğit A, Çorakcı Yazıcıoğlu Z, Özkan Ş, Uğurlu Ü. A perspective on the daily routines of esports players: Life balance. Int J Sport Cult Sci 2023;11(4):302-314. https://doi.org/10.14486/IntJSCS.2023.693.
  42. Kong F, Wang X, Zhao J. Dispositional mindfulness and life satisfaction: The role of core self-evaluations. Pers Individ Differ 2014;56:165-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.09.002.
  43. Li X, Ma L, Li Q. How mindfulness affects life satisfaction: Based on the mindfulness-to-meaning theory. Front Psychol 2022;13:887940. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887940.
  44. Cheung RYM, Lau ENS. Is mindfulness linked to life satisfaction? Testing savoring positive experiences and gratitude as mediators. Front Psychol 2021;12:591103. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.591103.
  45. Chen LH, Wu CH, Chang JH. Gratitude and athletes’ life satisfaction: The moderating role of mindfulness. J Happiness Stud 2017;18(4):1147-1159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9764-7.
  46. Ajilchi B, Amini HR, Ardakani ZP, Zadeh MM, Kisely S. Applying mindfulness training to enhance the mental toughness and emotional intelligence of amateur basketball players. Australas Psychiatry 2019;27(3):291-296. https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856219828119.
  47. Ishak WW, Bagot K, Thomas S, Magakian N, Bedwani D, Larson D, et al. Quality of life in patients suffering from insomnia. Innov Clin Neurosci 2012;9(10):13-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23198273.
  48. Schlarb AA, Reis D, Schröder A. Sleep characteristics, sleep problems, and associations to quality of life among psychotherapists. Sleep Disord 2012;2012:806913. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/806913.
  49. Włodzimierz O. The association between affective temperaments and insomnia as mediated by satisfaction with life: A cross-sectional study. Curr Issues Pers Psychol 2023;12(3):170-177. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp/159454.
  50. Szűcs S, Drobnič S, den Dulk L, Verwiebe R. Quality of life and satisfaction with the work-life balance. In: Quality of Life and Work in Europe. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2011. p.95-117. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230299443_6.
  51. Akhondzadeh K, Abedini Z, Tehran HA, Khoramirad A. Association between mindfulness and work-life balance in medical faculty: Sleep quality as a mediator. Strides Dev Med Educ 2023;20(1):96-102. https://doi.org/10.22062/SDME.2023.198313.1168.
  52. Mancı, E., & Günay, E. (2023). Physical Activity in Turkish Esports Players: Age Differences Approach. Journal of Sport Sciences Research, 8(3), 763-774. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1352769.
  53. Mancı, E., & Özdalyan, F. (2023). Relationship between Young Esports Players' Chronotypes and Physical Activity Status. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 6(1-Cumhuriyet'in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı), 860-872. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1373133.
  54. Yaşar, O. M., Mancı, E., Ozdemir, H. Y., Bahcecioğlu, H., & Yürekli, G. (2025). Examining Health Sciences Students' Perceived Awareness, Readiness and Anxiety Levels Regarding Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Sport for All and Recreation, (Advanced Online Publication), 748-757. https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1805307.
  55. Manci, E., Yaşar, O. M., Ozdemir, H. Y., & Ulucan, B. (2024). Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesinde Eğitim Gören Öğrencilerin Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Farkındalıklarının İncelenmesi. Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3), 276-288. https://doi.org/10.33468/sbsebd.391.