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Journals / Turkish Journal Of Field Crops / 2026 / Volume: 31 Issue: 2

Determination of Inheritance of Spike Traits Through Five Parameter Model in Segregating Populations of Wheat

Mehboob Ahmad(The University of Haripur)0000-0001-5624-8580
Izhar Hussain(The University of Haripur)0000-0002-7999-3871
Muhammad Tehseen Zaheer Tanoli(Hazara Agricultural Research station,Abbottabad)0009-0008-6662-7216
Naushad Ali(The University of Haripur)0000-0002-4980-1373
Sajid Muhammad(Agricultural Extension department, KPK, Pakistan)0009-0000-3679-4947
Mubashar Ahmad Khan(Hazara Agricultural Research station,Abbottabad)0009-0003-2212-7272
Sher Aslam Khan(The University of Haripur)0000-0002-6662-4786
Maria Sultan(The University of Haripur)0009-0006-7577-0853
Sehrish Khan(COMSATS University (Abbottabad campus), Islamabad)0009-0008-8388-5380
Taskin Ur-Rahman(Hazara University, Mansehra)0009-0003-8762-0949
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-09-11
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Therefore early generation selection is effective for spike length and spikelets per spike, while selection should be conducted in later generations for awn length.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The present study was carried out to assess the inheritance of bread wheat for spike related traits by developing five generations (P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, and F₃) from seven bread wheat cross combinations.
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Key Findings & Data:Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant effect of environment on all the traits.
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Conclusion & Impact:Therefore early generation selection is effective for spike length and spikelets per spike, while selection should be conducted in later generations for awn length.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Spike · Awn · Spikelets

Abstract

The present study was carried out to assess the inheritance of bread wheat for spike related traits by developing five generations (P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, and F₃) from seven bread wheat cross combinations. The multi-location testing and five parameter model was applied to get a clear insight into gene effects controlling the traits. All generations of each cross were sown at two locations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant effect of environment on all the traits. Significant to highly significant differences were observed among generations (P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, and F₃) in most of the cross combinations. Significant generation × location interaction was also noted in most crosses. The data on generation means indicated that the Maxipak variety and its segregating generations exhibited the highest mean values for spikelets per spike (22.7) and awn length (8.6 cm). The highest mean for spike length was recorded in the F₁, F₂, and F₃ generations of RK-23 × Gold. Gene action studies revealed that the inheritance of spike length and spikelets per spike was predominantly controlled by additive and epistatic gene effects in most cross combinations. Awn length was mainly influenced by dominance × dominance gene effects in most crosses, although some cross combinations also exhibited dominant and additive types of gene action. Therefore early generation selection is effective for spike length and spikelets per spike, while selection should be conducted in later generations for awn length.

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Cite This Article

Ahmad, M., Hussain, I., Tanoli, M. T. Z., Ali, N., Muhammad, S., Khan, M. A., Khan, S. A., Sultan, M., Khan, S., Ur-Rahman, T. (2026). Determination of Inheritance of Spike Traits Through Five Parameter Model in Segregating Populations of Wheat. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, Volume: 31 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1923514

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