Journals / İş ve İnsan Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

The Role of Earthquake Risk Perception in the Relationship between Post-Earthquake Stress and Employee Performance in Türkiye

Türkiye'de Deprem Sonrası Stres ve İşgören Performansı İlişkisinde Deprem Risk Algısının Rolü

Hüseyin Tolga Çağatay(Başkent University Vocational School of Health Services)0000-0001-5228-3223
Yüksel Demirel(Başkent University Vocational School of Health Services)0000-0002-2011-4481
Bekir Ertuğrul(Başkent University Vocational School of Health Services)0000-0003-2787-0869
Esin Başaran(Başkent University Vocational School of Health Services)0000-0002-6193-3395
Serap Salimoğlu(Başkent University Vocational School of Health Services)0000-0003-0589-1538
Mustafa Gülşen(Başkent University Vocational School of Health Services)0000-0002-8826-8524
Pages
107–117
Publication Date
2025-10-29
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Research on earthquake risk can help organizations in earthquake-prone regions in strategic planning, disaster preparedness, and stress management, and can positively affect employee performance.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Two consecutive earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş have significantly impacted life and business in Türkiye at 2023.
📊
Key Findings & Data:This study examines the mediating role of earthquake risk perception in the relationship between post-earthquake stress and employee performance.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Research on earthquake risk can help organizations in earthquake-prone regions in strategic planning, disaster preparedness, and stress management, and can positively affect employee performance.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2023 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Deprem risk algısı · Algılanan stres · Çalışan performansı

Abstract

Two consecutive earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş have significantly impacted life and business in Türkiye at 2023. It is thought that risk perception, which is expressed as the perceived probabilities of the consequences of the earthquake hazard and the perceived intensity of the effects of this hazard, plays a role in this impact. This study examines the mediating role of earthquake risk perception in the relationship between post-earthquake stress and employee performance. The study was conducted among 1780 employees in Ankara, Türkiye in March-April 2023, one month after the earthquakes in the Kahramanmaraş region. The study found a negative relationship between perceived stress and employee performance, a positive relationship between perceived stress and earthquake risk perception, and a negative relationship between earthquake risk perception and employee performance. Earthquake risk perception mediates the stress-performance relationship. Research on earthquake risk can help organizations in earthquake-prone regions in strategic planning, disaster preparedness, and stress management, and can positively affect employee performance.

Özet

Kahramanmaraş'ta 2023 yılında art arda meydana gelen iki deprem, Türkiye'de yaşamı ve iş dünyasını önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Bu etkilenmede deprem tehlikesinin sonuçlarına yönelik algılanan olasılıklar ve bu tehlikenin etkilerini algılanma şiddeti olarak ifade edilen risk algısının rolünün olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma, deprem sonrası stres ve çalışan performansı arasındaki ilişkide deprem risk algısının aracılık rolünü incelemektedir. Araştırma, Türkiye’de Mart-Nisan 2023 döneminde, Kahramanmaraş bölgesinde yaşanan depremlerden bir ay sonra Ankara’da 1780 çalışan üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, algılanan stres ile çalışan performansı arasında negatif, algılanan stres ile deprem risk algısı arasında pozitif ve deprem risk algısı ile çalışan performansı arasında negatif bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Deprem risk algısı, stres-performans ilişkisine aracılık etmektedir. Deprem riskine ilişkin araştırmalar, deprem riski taşıyan bölgelerdeki kuruluşlara stratejik planlama, afete hazırlık ve stres yönetimi konularında yardımcı olabilir ve çalışan performansını olumlu yönde etkileyebilir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Çağatay, H. T., Demirel, Y., Ertuğrul, B., Başaran, E., Salimoğlu, S., Gülşen, M. (2025). The Role of Earthquake Risk Perception in the Relationship between Post-Earthquake Stress and Employee Performance in Türkiye. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 107–117. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.1572944

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (61)

  1. Agorastos, A., & Chrousos, G. P. (2022). The neuroendocrinology of stress: the stress-related continuum of chronic disease development. Molecular Psychiatry, 27(1), 502–513. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01224-9
  2. Aksa, F. I., Utaya, S., Bachri, S., & Handoyo, B. (2020). The role of knowledge and fatalism in college students related to the earthquake-risk perception. Jàmbá - Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 12(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba. v12i1.954
  3. Ao, Y., Zhang, H., Yang, L., Wang, Y., Martek, I., & Wang, G. (2021). Impacts of earthquake knowledge and risk perception on earthquake preparedness of rural residents. Natural Hazards, 107(2), 1287–1310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04632-w
  4. Armaş, I., Cretu, R. Z., & Ionescu, R. (2017). Self-efficacy, stress, and locus of control: The psychology of earthquake risk perception in Bucharest, Romania. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 22, 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.02.018
  5. Avunduk, Y. (2021). The relationship between the performance and the perceived stress of employees. Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 6(1), 102–112.
  6. Babu, T. S., & Balamurugan, A. (2022). Exploring the post-disaster conceptual ımpact and its effect on employee performance. Webology, 19(4), 572–-577.
  7. Blaug, R., Kenyon, A., & Lekhi, R. (2007). Stress at work. London: The Work Foundation.
  8. Bodemer, N., & Gaissmaier, W. (2015). Risk perception. Los Angeles, California: Sage.
  9. Bronfman, N. C., Cisternas, P. C., Repetto, P. B., Castañeda, J. V, & Guic, E. (2020). Understanding the relationship between direct experience and risk perception of natural hazards. Risk Analysis, 40(10), 2057–2070. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13526
  10. Byron, K., & Peterson, S. (2002). The impact of a large-scale traumatic event on individual and organizational outcomes: Exploring employee and company reactions to September 11, 2001. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(8), 895–910. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.176
  11. Cheng, H., Ye, Q., & Liang, J. (2022). A review: the safety risk perception of the workplace. Economics & Management Information, 1(1 SE-Human Resource Management),1–9. https://doi.org/10.58195/emi.v1i1.19
  12. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385–396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
  13. Cui, K., & Han, Z. (2019). Association between disaster experience and quality of life: The mediating role of disaster risk perception. Quality of Life Research, 28(2), 509–513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-2011-4
  14. Çöl, G. (2008). Algılanan güçlendirmenin işgören performansı üzerine etkileri. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 9(1), 35–46.
  15. Dahal, H. R., Kumar, D. S., & Thapa, D. (2018). Prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorders among the survivors of 2015 Nepal earthquake, in Dhading, Nepal. Sleep and Hypnosis (Online), 20(2), 128–139. https://doi.org/10.5350/Sleep.Hypn.2017.19.0145
  16. Daniel, C. O. (2019). Effects of job stress on employee’s performance. International Journal of Business, Management and Social Research, 6(2), 375–382.
  17. Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkiran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). The adaptation of the perceived stress scale into Turkish: A reliability and validity analysis. New Symposium Journal, 51(3), 132–140.
  18. Fabeil, N. F., Marzuki, K. M., Razli, I. A., Majid, M. R. A., & Pawan, M. T. A. (2019). The impact of earthquake on small business performance: evidence from small accommodation services in Ranau, Sabah. International Academic Journal of Business Management, 6(1), 301–313.
  19. Falco, A., Girardi, D., Dal Corso, L., Yıldırım, M., & Converso, D. (2021). The perceived risk of being infected at work: An application of the job demands–resources model to workplace safety during the COVID-19 outbreak. PLOS ONE, 16(9), e0257197. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257197
  20. Farlis, F., Bachtiar, N., Rifai, H. A., & Ridwan, E. (2022). The quality of working life in disasterprone areas. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 21 (Special Issue 2), 1–11.
  21. Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression‑based approach (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Publications.
  22. Hu, M. D., Lawrence, K. G., Gall, M., Emrich, C. T., Bodkin, M. R., Jackson, W. B., MacNell, N., Kwok, R. K., Engel, L. S., & Sandler, D. P. (2021). Natural hazards and mental health among US Gulf Coast residents. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 31(5), 842–851. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-021-00301-z
  23. Ionescu, D., Iacob, C. I., Avram, E., & Armaș, I. (2021). Emotional distress related to hazards and earthquake risk perception. Natural Hazards, 109(3), 2077–2094. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04911-6
  24. Jansen, S. J. T. (2020). Place attachment, distress, risk perception and coping in a case of earthquakes in the Netherlands. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 35(2), 407–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-019-09706-7
  25. Jingwen, Y., Rahman, A. A., & Tong, T. (2022). Research on the ımpact of BMI on enterprise performance based on the antecedence of risk perception. Sustainability, 14(23), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315844
  26. Kalish, Y., Luria, G., Toker, S., & Westman, M. (2015). Till stress do us part: on the interplay between perceived stress and communication network dynamics. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(6), 1737–1751. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000023
  27. Kirkman, B. L., & Rosen, B. (1999). Beyond self-management: Antecedents and consequences of team empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 42(1), 58–74. https://doi.org/10.5465/256874
  28. Kung, Y.-W., & Chen, S.-H. (2012). Perception of earthquake risk in Taiwan: Effects of gender and past earthquake experience. Risk Analysis, 32(9), 1535–1546. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01760.x
  29. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer publishing company.
  30. Lee, J.-S., Joo, E.-J., & Choi, K.-S. (2013). Perceived stress and self-esteem mediate the effects of work-related stress on depression. Stress and Health, 29(1), 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2428
  31. Li, X., & Lyu, H. (2021). Epidemic risk perception, perceived stress, and mental health during Covid-19 pandemic: A moderated mediating model. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(563741), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.563741
  32. López-Vázquez, E., & Marvan, M. L. (2003). Risk perception, stress and coping strategies in two catastrophe risk situations. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 31(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.1.61
  33. López Vazquez, E. (2001). Risk perception interactions in stress and coping facing extreme risks. Environmental Management and Health, 12(2), 122–133. https://doi.org/10.1108/09566160110389889
  34. McKibben, J. B. A., Fullerton, C. S., Ursano, R. J., Reissman, D. B., Kowalski-Trakofler, K., Shultz, J. M., & Wang, L. (2010). Sleep and arousal as risk factors for adverse health and work performance in public health workers involved in the 2004 Florida hurricane season. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 4(Special Issue 1), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2010.9
  35. Meunier, S., Bouchard, L., Coulombe, S., Doucerain, M., Pacheco, T., & Auger, E. (2022). The association between perceived stress, psychological distress, and job performance during the Covid-19 pandemic: The buffering role of health-promoting management practices. Trends in Psychology, 30(3), 549–569. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-021-00136-5
  36. Miranda, A. R., Rivadero, L., Bruera, J. Á., Villarreal, V., Bernio, L. Y., de Los Ángeles Baydas, L., Brizuela, M. L., & Serra, S. V. (2020). Examining the relationship between engagement and perceived stress-related cognitive complaints in the argentinian working population. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 16(1), 12–31. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i1.1832
  37. Mızrak, S., Özdemir, A., & Aslan, R. (2021). Adaptation of hurricane risk perception scale to earthquake risk perception and determining the factors affecting women’s earthquake risk perception. Natural Hazards, 109(3), 2241–2259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04918-z
  38. Moyo, N., Bhappu, A. D., Bhebhe, M., & Ncube, F. (2022). Perceived risk of Covid-19 and employee decision-making: How psychological distress during the pandemic increases negative performance outcomes among healthcare workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19(11), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116762
  39. Nieuwenhuijsen, K., de Boer, A. G. E. M., Verbeek, J. H. A. M., Blonk, R. W. B., & van Dijk, F. J. H. (2003). The Depression anxiety stress scales (DASS): Detecting anxiety disorder and depression in employees absent from work because of mental health problems. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60(1), 77–82. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.60.suppl_1.i77
  40. Omidi, L., Karimi, H., Pilbeam, C., Mousavi, S., & Moradi, G. (2023). Exploring the relationships among safety leadership, safety climate, psychological contract of safety, risk perception, safety compliance, and safety outcomes. Frontiers in Public Health, 11(1235214), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1235214
  41. Park, J. (2007). Work stress and job performance. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.
  42. Paton, D., Anderson, E., Becker, J., & Petersen, J. (2015). Developing a comprehensive model of hazard preparedness: Lessons from the Christchurch earthquake. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 14, 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.11.011
  43. Pinheiro, M., Ivandic, I., & Razzouk, D. (2017). The economic impact of mental disorders and mental health problems in the workplace. In D. Razzouk (Ed.), Mental health economics: The costs and benefits of psychiatric care (pp. 415–430). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55266-8_28
  44. Price, T., Tenan, M., Head, J., Maslin, W., & LaFiandra, M. (2016). Acute stress causes over confidence in situation awareness. Proceedings of the International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA) 21-25 March 2016, IEEE, San Diego. https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSIMA.2016.7497778
  45. Raaijmakers, R., Krywkow, J., & van der Veen, A. (2008). Flood risk perceptions and spatial multi-criteria analysis: An exploratory research for hazard mitigation. Natural Hazards, 46(3), 307–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-007-9189-z
  46. Sadovyy, M., Sánchez-Gómez, M., & Bresó, E. (2021). COVID-19: How the stress generated by the pandemic may affect work performance through the moderating role of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 180(110986), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110986
  47. Sakuma, A., Ueda, I., Shoji, W., Tomita, H., Matsuoka, H., & Matsumoto, K. (2020). Trajectories for post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among local disaster recovery workers following the great east Japan earthquake: Group-based trajectory modeling. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 742–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.152
  48. Scolobig, A., De Marchi, B., & Borga, M. (2012). The missing link between flood risk awareness and preparedness: Findings from case studies in an Alpine Region. Natural Hazards, 63(2), 499–520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0161-1
  49. Sert, H., Gulbahar Eren, M., Koc, F., & Yurumez, Y. (2023). Depression, anxiety, stress, and job performance among Turkish nurses in the early post-earthquake period. International Nursing Review, 72, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12920
  50. Selye, H. (1956). What is stress? Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 5(5), 525–530.
  51. Sigler, T. H., & Pearson, C. M. (2000). Creating an empowering culture: Examining the relationship between organizational culture and perceptions of empowerment. Journal of Quality Management, 5(1), 27–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1084-8568(00)00011-0
  52. Sjöberg, L., Moen, B.-E., & Rundmo, T. (2004). Explaining risk perception. An Evaluation of the Psychometric Paradigm in Risk Perception Research, 10(2), 612–665.
  53. Smith, A. (2001). Perceptions of stress at work. Human Resource Management Journal, 11(4), 74–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2001.tb00052.x
  54. Sullivan-Wiley, K. A., & Short Gianotti, A. G. (2017). Risk perception in a multi-hazard environment. World Development, 97, 138–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.04.002
  55. Tetrick, L. E., & LaRocco, J. M. (1987). Understanding, prediction, and control as moderators of the relationships between perceived stress, satisfaction, and psychological well-being. Journal of Applied Psychology 72(4), 538–543. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.72.4.538
  56. Trumbo, C. W., Peek, L., Meyer, M. A., Marlatt, H. L., Gruntfest, E., McNoldy, B. D., & Schubert, W. H. (2016). A Cognitive-affective scale for hurricane risk perception. Risk Analysis, 36(12), 2233–2246. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12575
  57. Wei, H.-L., & Lindell, M. K. (2017). Washington households’ expected responses to lahar threat from Mt. Rainier. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 22, 77–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.10.014
  58. Xu, J., Dai, J., Rao, R., & Xie, H. (2016). The association between exposure and psychological health in earthquake survivors from the Longmen Shan Fault area: the mediating effect of risk perception. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 417. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2999-8
  59. Ye, Y., Hu, R., Ni, Z., Jiang, N., & Jiang, X. (2018). Effects of perceived stress and professional values on clinical performance in practice nursing students: A structural equation modeling approach. Nurse Education Today, 71, 157–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.09.036
  60. Zuanon, R., Ferreira, C. L., & Monteiro, E. Z. (2023). Homeodynamic environments, homeodynamic products and intelligent biointerfaces: Affective and pleasurable design to maintain and restore human homeostasis. In V. G. Duffy, M. Ziefle, P.-L. P. Rau, & M. M. Tseng (Eds.), Human-automation interaction: Mobile computing (pp. 193–211). Switzerland AG: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10788-7_11
  61. Zvolensky, M. J., Goodie, J. L., Ruggiero, K. J., Black, A. L., Larkin, K. T., & Taylor, B. K. (2002). Perceived stress and anxiety sensitivity in the prediction of anxiety-related responding: A multichallenge evaluation. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 15(3), 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/1061580021000020699