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Journals / Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 22 Sayı: 54

The Transformation of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations in Africa: The Partnership-Based Model and the Case of Somalia

Afrika’da Birleşmiş Milletler Barışı Koruma Operasyonlarının Dönüşümü: Ortaklık Temelli Model ve Somali Örneği

Zeynep Arıöz(Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi)0000-0001-7470-5407
Pages
323–353
Publication Date
2026-08-06
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings indicate that the operations have not fully succeeded in ending violence, have contributed only slightly to strengthening state capacity, and have failed to adequately establish local ownership.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations have long been among the primary instruments employed for conflict resolution and the restoration of peace across the African continent.
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Key Findings & Data:This transformation is reflected in the shift from the United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) I–II missions in the 1990s to the African Union (AU) Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), led by the AU with UN support after 2007, and subsequently to the AU Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS).
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Conclusion & Impact:The findings indicate that the operations have not fully succeeded in ending violence, have contributed only slightly to strengthening state capacity, and have failed to adequately establish local ownership.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2007 Verileri
⚙️Variables:BM Barışı Koruma Operasyonları · Afrika Birliği · Somali

Abstract

United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations have long been among the primary instruments employed for conflict resolution and the restoration of peace across the African continent. This study examines the recent restructuring of peace operations in Africa through the case of Somalia. It argues that peacekeeping operations in Africa have increasingly evolved towards a regionalized, partnership-based model; however, the effectiveness of this model cannot be explained solely by the division of labor between international and regional actors but is also shaped by local dynamics. Somalia represents one of the most illustrative cases of this transformation. This transformation is reflected in the shift from the United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) I–II missions in the 1990s to the African Union (AU) Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), led by the AU with UN support after 2007, and subsequently to the AU Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS). The study analyzes this process within a case study design, employing process tracing as its primary method. The findings indicate that the operations have not fully succeeded in ending violence, have contributed only slightly to strengthening state capacity, and have failed to adequately establish local ownership. In this respect, the overall performance of the mission presents a mixed picture, with the partnership-based model facing various constraints due to insufficient local ownership and complex societal dynamics. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that peace operations have become increasingly regionalized in line with broader trends in global security governance and that the partnership-based model implemented in Somalia represents an institutionalized manifestation of this transformation; however, its success remains significantly shaped by the local context.

Özet

Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) barışı koruma operasyonları, uzun süredir Afrika kıtasında çatışma çözümü ve barışın yeniden tesisi için başvurulan başlıca araçlardan biri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Afrika’da son yıllarda yürütülen barış gücü operasyonlarının yeniden yapılandırılmasını Somali örneği üzerinden incelemektedir. Çalışmanın temel argümanı, Afrika’da barışı koruma operasyonlarının giderek bölgeselleşen ve ortaklık temelli bir modele evrildiği; ancak bu modelin etkinliğinin yalnızca uluslararası ve bölgesel aktörler arasındaki iş bölümüyle değil, aynı zamanda yerel dinamikler tarafından da şekillendiğidir. Somali, bu dönüşümün en belirgin örneklerinden birini oluşturmaktadır. Bu dönüşüm, 1990’larda yürütülen BM Somali Operasyonu (UNOSOM) I–II misyonlarından, 2007 sonrasında Afrika Birliği (AU) liderliğinde ve BM desteğiyle yürütülen AU Somali Misyonu (AMISOM) ve devamında AU Somali Geçiş Misyonu (ATMIS) ile somutlaşmaktadır. Çalışma, bu süreci durum çalışması yaklaşımı ve süreç çözümleme yöntemi çerçevesinde analiz etmektedir. Bulgular, operasyonların şiddeti tamamen sona erdiremediğini, devlet kapasitesinin güçlendirilmesine yalnızca sınırlı katkı sağladığını ve yerel sahiplenmenin yeterince tesis edilemediğini göstermektedir. Bu çerçevede, misyonun performansının genel olarak karışık bir tablo sunduğu ve ortaklık temelli modelin yetersiz sahiplenme ile karmaşık toplumsal dinamikler nedeniyle çeşitli sınırlamalarla karşılaştığı ortaya konulmaktadır. Sonuç olarak çalışma, barış operasyonlarının küresel güvenlik yönetişimiyle uyumlu biçimde bölgeselleştiğini ve Somali’de uygulanan ortaklık temelli modelin bu dönüşümün kurumsallaşmış bir örneğini temsil ettiğini; ancak başarısının yerel bağlam tarafından önemli ölçüde şekillendiğini göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Arıöz, Z., *, Z. A. (2026). The Transformation of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations in Africa: The Partnership-Based Model and the Case of Somalia. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 54, 323–353. https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1869551

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