SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Yükseköğretim Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

Free Time Management and Social Media Disorder Among University Students

Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Boş Zaman Yönetimi ve Sosyal Medya Bozukluğu

Belgin Varol(Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Gülhane Hemşirelik Fakültesi)0000-0001-7138-9007
Gamze Sarıkoç(SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, GÜLHANE HEMŞİRELİK FAKÜLTESİ, HEMŞİRELİK BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0003-1651-4308
Safiye Dalfidan(Konya Kulu Devlet Hastanesi)0009-0000-9782-5444
Emine Öksüz(SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, GÜLHANE HEMŞİRELİK FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0001-6970-7408
Pages
37–47
Publication Date
2026-03-16
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this context, universities should provide various programs and opportunities to help students improve their leisure time management skills.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Leisure time management is important for individuals to use their time efficiently.
📊
Key Findings & Data:This cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study was conducted with 850 students studying in nursing, health services, health sciences, pharmacy, medicine, dentistry, and physical therapy and rehabilitation programs at a public university in Türkiye during the 2021–2022 academic year.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In this context, universities should provide various programs and opportunities to help students improve their leisure time management skills.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:2021–2022 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Boş Zaman Yönetimi · Sosyal Medya Kullanım Bozukluğu · Zaman Yönetimi Becerileri

Abstract

Leisure time management is important for individuals to use their time efficiently. Individuals who fail to manage their leisure time effectively may develop problematic social media use. This study aimed to determine the relationship between problematic social media use and leisure time management among university students. This cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study was conducted with 850 students studying in nursing, health services, health sciences, pharmacy, medicine, dentistry, and physical therapy and rehabilitation programs at a public university in Türkiye during the 2021–2022 academic year. Of the participants, 79.4% were female (n = 675) and 20.6% were male (n = 175). Data were collected through an online survey using a Descriptive Information Form, the Social Media Disorder Scale (SMDS), and the Leisure Time Management Scale (LTMS). The mean SMDS score of the students was 15.39 ± 11.03, while the mean total LTMS score was 52.54 ± 7.79. A statistically significant, moderate negative correlation was found between the mean SMDS scores and the total LTMS scores (r = −0.33, p = 0.001). These findings highlight the importance of leisure time management in reducing problematic social media use. In this context, universities should provide various programs and opportunities to help students improve their leisure time management skills.

Özet

Boş zaman yönetimi, bireylerin zamanlarını verimli bir şekilde kullanmaları açısından önemlidir. Serbest zamanlarını etkili biçimde yönetemeyen bireylerde sosyal medya kullanım bozuklukları görülebilmektedir. Bu çalışma, üniversite öğrencileri arasında sosyal medya kullanım bozuklukları ile boş zaman yönetimi arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kesitsel, tanımlayıcı ve ilişkisel çalışma, 2021–2022 akademik yılında Türkiye’de bir kamu üniversitesinde hemşirelik, sağlık hizmetleri, sağlık bilimleri, eczacılık, tıp, diş hekimliği ile fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon alanlarında öğrenim gören 850 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcıların %79,4’ü kadın (n=675) ve %20,6’sı erkektir (n=175). Araştırma verileri, Tanımlayıcı bilgi formu, Sosyal medya bozukluğu ölçeği (SMBÖ) ve Serbest zaman yönetimi ölçeği (SZYÖ) kullanılarak çevrim içi bir anket yoluyla toplanmıştır. Öğrencilerin SMBÖ’den aldıkları ortalama puan 15,39 ± 11,03, SZYÖ toplam puanı ise 52,54 ± 7,79’dur. SMBÖ ortalama puanları ile SZYÖ toplam puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve orta düzeyde negatif bir ilişki bulunmuştur (r = -0,33; p = 0,001). Bu bulgular, sosyal medya kullanım bozukluklarının azaltılmasında boş zaman yönetiminin önemli bir rol oynayabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, üniversitelerin öğrencilerin boş zaman yönetimi becerilerini geliştirmelerine yönelik programlar ve fırsatlar sunmaları önem taşımaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Varol, B., Sarıkoç, G., Dalfidan, S., Öksüz, E. (2026). Free Time Management and Social Media Disorder Among University Students. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.53478/yuksekogretim.1638113

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (41)

  1. Akgül, B. M., & Karaküçük, S. (2015). Free time management scale: Validity and reliability analysis. Journal of Human Sciences, 12(2), 1867-1880. https://doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v12i2.3445
  2. Alnjadat, R., Hmaidi, M. M., Samha, T. E., Kilani, M. M., & Hasswan, A. M. (2019). Gender variations in social media usage and academic performance among the students of University of Sharjah. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 14(4), 390-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.05.002
  3. Boursier, V., Gioia, F., Musetti, A., & Schimmenti, A. (2020). Facing loneliness and anxiety during the COVID-19 isolation: The role of excessive social media use in a sample of Italian adults. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 586222. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.586222
  4. Büyükgebiz Koca, E., & Tunca, M. Z. (2019). İnternet ve sosyal medya bağımlılığının öğrencilerin performanslarına etkileri üzerine bir yazın taraması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(1), 1–16.
  5. Cabral, J. (2011). Is generation Y addicted to social media? The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 2(1), 5-14.
  6. Casale, S., Akbari, M., Seydavi, M., Benucci, S. B., & Fioravanti, G. (2023). Has the prevalence of problematic social media use increased over the past six years and since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic? A meta-analysis of the studies published since the development of the Bergen social media addiction scale. Addictive Behaviors, 147, 107838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107838
  7. Cheng, C., Lau, Y. C., Chan, L., & Luk, J. W. (2021). Prevalence of social media addiction across 32 nations: Meta-analysis with subgroup analysis of classification schemes and cultural values. Addictive Behaviors, 117, 106845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106845
  8. Choukas-Bradley, S., Roberts, S. R., Maheux, A. J., & Nesi, J. (2022). The perfect storm: A developmental–sociocultural framework for the role of social media in adolescent girls’ body image concerns and mental health. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 25(4), 681-701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-022-00404-5
  9. Cooper, S. (2016). Internet, social media, and television use: What effect does problematic use of technology have on one’s psychological well-being, appreciation, and life satisfaction? [Doctoral dissertation, Rutgers University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.
  10. Çobanoğlu, H. (2021). Lise öğrencilerindeki psikolojik belirtilerin sosyal medya kullanım bozukluğu ve siber zorbalık ile ilişkisi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Trabzon Üniversitesi].
  11. Erzen, E., & Odaci, H. (2021). Sosyal medya bozukluğu ölçeği: Türkçe uyarlama çalışması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 51, 520-535. https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.776333
  12. Fernandes, B., Biswas, U. N., Mansukhani, R. T., Casarín, A. V., & Essau, C. A. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on internet use and escapism in adolescents. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, 7(3), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.21134/rpcna.2020.mon.2056
  13. Gazi, M. A., Çetin, M., & Çakı, C. (2017). The research of the level of social media addiction of university students. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 3(2), 549-559. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.279705
  14. Gezgin, D. M., Mıhcı, C., & Gedik, S. (2021). The effect of free time management skills upon smartphone addiction risk in university students. Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health, 7(4), 354-366. https://doi.org/10.21891/jeseh.991910
  15. Gözel, E., & Halat, E. (2010). Primary school teachers and time management. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6, 73–89.
  16. Hjorth, L., & Hinton, S. (2019). Understanding social media. Sage.
  17. Hong, E., & Ryu, J. (2022). Effects of practical hobbies on children’s device usage and media addiction in Korea. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 32(6), 812-818. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2021.1968557
  18. Jimenez, J. J. (2017). Leisure activities and hobbies preferred by third year college students. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 5(2), 21-25.
  19. Kırık, A. M. (2013). Gelişen web teknolojileri ve sosyal medya bağımlılığı. In A. Büyükaslan & A. M. Kırık (Eds.), Sosyal medya araştırmaları 1: Sosyalleşen birey (pp. 69–102). Çizgi Kitabevi.
  20. Krasnova, H., Veltri, N. F., Eling, N., & Buxmann, P. (2017). Why men and women continue to use social networking sites: The role of gender differences. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 26(4), 261-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2017.01.004
  21. Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., Shablack, H., Jonides, J., & Ybarra, O. (2013). Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults. PloS One, 8(8), e69841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069841
  22. Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Social media. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/social%20media
  23. Öksüz, E., Guvenc, G., & Mumcu, S. (2018). Relationship between problematic internet use and time management among nursing students. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 36(1), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1097/CIN.0000000000000391
  24. Parlak Sert, H., & Başkale, H. (2023). Students’ increased time spent on social media, and their level of coronavirus anxiety during the pandemic, predict increased social media addiction. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 40(3), 262-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12448
  25. Sabuncuoğlu, Z., Paşa, M., & Kaymaz, K. (2010). Zaman yönetimi. Beta.
  26. Salari, N., Zarei, H., Hosseinian-Far, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Shohaimi, S., & Mohammadi, M. (2025). The global prevalence of social media addiction among university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Public Health, 33, 223–236.
  27. Santini, Z. I., Meilstrup, C., Hinrichsen, C., Nielsen, L., Koyanagi, A., Koushede, V., Ekholm, O., & Madsen, K. R. (2020). Associations between multiple leisure activities, mental health and substance use among adolescents in Denmark: A nationwide cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 14, 593340. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.593340
  28. Savci, M., Ercengiz, M., & Aysan, F. (2018). Turkish adaptation of the social media disorder scale in adolescents. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 55(3), 248. https://doi.org/10.5152/npa.2017.19285
  29. Statista. (2023). Number of social media users worldwide from 2017 to 2030. https://www.statista.com/statistics/278414/number-of-worldwide-social-network-users
  30. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
  31. Tiggemann, M., & Zaccardo, M. (2018). ‘Strong is the new skinny’: A content analysis of #fitspiration images on Instagram. Journal of Health Psychology, 23(8), 1003-1011. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316639436
  32. Toz, Y., & Gümüş, R. (2024). The impact of free time management skills and socio-demographic factors on internet addiction among university students. Academic Journal of Health Sciences, 39(5), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.3306/AJHS.2024.39.05.50
  33. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [TÜİK]. (2019, August 27). Hanehalkı bilişim teknolojileri (BT) kullanım araştırması, 2019 [Household information technologies (IT) usage survey, 2019]. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2019-30574
  34. van den Eijnden, R. J., Lemmens, J. S., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). The social media disorder scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 478-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.038
  35. Vannucci, A., Flannery, K. M., & Ohannessian, C. M. (2017). Social media use and anxiety in emerging adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 163-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.040
  36. Wang, W. C. (2019). Exploring the relationship among free-time management, leisure boredom, and internet addiction in undergraduates in Taiwan. Psychological Reports, 122(5), 1651-1665. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118789034
  37. We Are Social & DataReportal. (2022). Digital 2022: Global overview report. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-global-overview-report
  38. Wong, H. Y., Mo, H. Y., Potenza, M. N., Chan, M. N. M., Lau, W. M., Chui, T. K., Pakpour, A. H., & Lin, C.-Y. (2020). Relationships between severity of internet gaming disorder, severity of problematic social media use, sleep quality and psychological distress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), 1879. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061879
  39. Zhao, N., & Zhou, G. (2020). Social media use and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Moderator role of disaster stressor and mediator role of negative affect. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 12(4), 1019-1038. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12226
  40. Ziekye, J. (2016). Impact of time management on organizational effectiveness. Texila International Journal of Management, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.21522/TIJMG.2015.02.01.Art003
  41. Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Hawes, T., & Pariz, J. (2021). A closer look at appearance and social media: Measuring activity, self-presentation, and social comparison and their associations with emotional adjustment. Psychology of Popular Media, 10(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000277