SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3

Effect of Chemical Castration Using High Osmolarity Solutions on Spermatological Parameters in Rats

Ratlarda Yüksek Osmolariteli Solüsyonlar Kullanılarak Yapılan Kimyasal Kastrasyonun Spermatolojik Parametrelere Etkisi

Şeyma Özer Kaya(FIRAT UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-9970-9364
İbrahim Canpolat(FIRAT UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-7196-5529
Hasan Akın(FIRAT UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-6563-7561
Pages
236–243
Publication Date
2025-10-03
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion; it has been concluded that giving high osmolarity solutions in combination with calcium chloride will be much more effective in the intratesticular chemical sterilization process.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:In our study, the changes in spermatological parameters in rats subjected to chemical castration with high osmolarity solutions were investigated.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In the study, they were divided into 8 groups, with 8 rats in each group, and a total of 64 Wistar albino male rats were used.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion; it has been concluded that giving high osmolarity solutions in combination with calcium chloride will be much more effective in the intratesticular chemical sterilization process.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Kimyasal kastrasyon · spermatolojik parametreler · rat

Abstract

In our study, the changes in spermatological parameters in rats subjected to chemical castration with high osmolarity solutions were investigated. In the study, they were divided into 8 groups, with 8 rats in each group, and a total of 64 Wistar albino male rats were used. No chemicals were applied to the rats in the control group. Rats in the second group were sterilized surgically. 0.9% physiological saline was administered to the 3rd group, 0.9% physiological saline and 10% calcium chloride to the 4th group, 20% mannitol to the 5th group, 20% mannitol and 10% calcium chloride to the 6th group, 20% dextrose to the 7th group, 20% dextrose and 10% calcium chloride solutions were administered intratesticularly to the 8th group at a dose of 0.1 ml/100gr. Andrological findings compared to the control group; it was determined that there was a significant difference in sperm motility and sperm density (p<0.001) in groups 3, 5, and 7. However, it was observed that there was no difference in the rate of abnormal spermatozoon. In groups 2, 4, 6, and 8, motility, density, abnormal sperm count and epididymis weights could not be measured because sperm cells could not be collected. In addition, it was determined that the weights of the epididymis and right cauda epididymis in groups 3, 5, 7 decreased compared to the control (p<0.05), while in groups 2, 4, 6, 8, measurements could not be made because tissue samples could not be taken, and the weights of testicles, vesicle seminalis and prostate decreased significantly (p<0.001) compared to the control. In conclusion; it has been concluded that giving high osmolarity solutions in combination with calcium chloride will be much more effective in the intratesticular chemical sterilization process.

Özet

Çalışmamızda, yüksek osmolariteli solüsyonlarla kimyasal kısırlaştırma oluşturulan ratlarda spermatolojik parametrelerin değişimi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, her grupta 8 rat kullanılarak 8 gruba ayrıldı ve toplam 64 Wistar albino erkek rat kullanıldı. Kontrol grubundaki ratlara herhangi bir kimyasal uygulanmadı. 2. gruptaki ratlar cerrahi olarak kısırlaştırıldı. 3. gruba % 0.9’luk serum fizyolojik, 4. gruba %0.9’luk serum fizyolojik ile %10 kalsiyum klorür, 5. gruba %20 mannitol, 6. gruba %20 mannitol ile %10 kalsiyum klorür, 7. gruba %20 dekstroz, 8. gruba %20 dekstroz ile %10 kalsiyum klorür solüsyonları 0.1ml/100 gr dozda intratestiküler uygulandı. Androlojik bulgular kontrol grubuyla kıyaslandığında; 3, 5, 7. gruplarda sperm motilitesi ve sperma yoğunluğunda (p<0,001) önemli derecede farklılık olduğu belirlendi. Ancak anormal spermatozoon oranında fark olmadığı görüldü. 2, 4, 6, 8. gruplarında ise sperm hücresi alınamadığından motilite, yoğunluk, anormal sperm sayısı ve epididimis ağırlıkları ölçümü yapılamadı. Ayrıca 3, 5, 7 gruplarında epididimis ve sağ kauda epididimis ağırlıklarının kontrole göre (p<0,05) düştüğü, 2, 4, 6, 8 gruplarında ise doku örneği alınamadığından ölçüm yapılamadığı ve testis, vezikula seminalis, prostat ağırlıklarının ise kontrole göre önemli derecede (p<0,001) düştüğü belirlendi. Sonuç olarak; testis içi yapılan kimyasal kısırlaştırma işleminde, yüksek osmolariteli solüsyonların kalsiyum klorür ile kombine olarak verilmesinin çok daha etkili olacağı kanaatine varılmıştır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Kaya, Ş. Ö., Canpolat, İ., Akın, H. (2025). Effect of Chemical Castration Using High Osmolarity Solutions on Spermatological Parameters in Rats. Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 236–243. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1674274

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (32)

  1. Ali, M. A., Seleim, M., Makady, F. M., & Shehata, S. H. (1991). Calcium Chloride, Castratıon in Donkeys (An experimental study). Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 25(49), 196-202. 10.1186/s12917-020-02530-0.
  2. Bakır, B., Gülyüz, F., Karaca, F., Yüksel, H., Şahin, A., & Uslu, B. A. (2006). Köpeklerde kimyasal kastrasyon. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 195-202.
  3. Baran, A., Ozdas, O. B., Gulcubuk, A., HAMZAOGLU, A. I., & TONGUC, M. (2010, April). Pilot study: intratesticular injection induces sterility in male cats. In Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on non-surgical methods of pet population control (pp. 8-10).
  4. Baran, A., Özdaş, Ö. B., & Sandal, A. İ. (2016). Erkek Kedi ve Köpeklerde Üremenin Önlenmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci Obstet Gynecol-Special Topics, 2(2), 9-18.
  5. Başa, A., Canpolat, İ. (2019). Chemical Sterilization in Domestic Animals. Agricultural & Veterinary Sciences 3(1), 5-9.
  6. Bowen, R. A. (2008). Male contraceptive technology for nonhuman male mammals. Animal Reproduction Science, 105(1-2), 139-143. 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.11.022.
  7. Canpolat İ, Kılıc S, Cevık A. (2006). Chemosterilization of male dogs. Indian Veterinary Journal, 83(1), 110-111.
  8. Canpolat, I., Gur, S., Gunay, C., Bulut, S., & Eroksuz, H. (2006). An evaluation of the outcome of bull castration by intra-testicular injection of ethanol and calcium chloride. Revue de médecine vétérinaire, 157(8/9), 420.
  9. Canpolat, I., Karabulut, E., & Eroksuz, Y. (2016). Chemical castration of adult and non-adult male dogs with sodium chloride solution. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 9(12), 9-11. 10.9790/2380-0912010911
  10. Coetzee, J. F., Nutsch, A. L., Barbur, L. A., & Bradburn, R. M. (2010). A survey of castration methods and associated livestock management practices performed by bovine veterinarians in the United States. BMC Veterinary Research, 6, 1-19. 10.1186/1746-6148-6-12.
  11. Çevik, M., Genç, M. D., & Yalçın, B. (2019). Erkek hayvanlarda üremenin kontrolü (Kontrasep-siyon). Çevik M, editör. Erkek Hayvanlarda İnfertilite Sorunu ve Çözüme Yönelik Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 1, 49-58.
  12. D Dursun, N. (2005). Veteriner topografik anatomi. Medisan Yayınevi, Anakara, Türkiye, 88-110.
  13. Doğan, Z., Yönez, M. K., Atalan, G., & Erol, H. (2015). Sığırlarda Skrotum Operasyonları. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci Surg-Special Topics, 1(2), 75-82.
  14. Driancourt, M. A., & Briggs, J. R. (2020). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist implants for male dog fertility suppression: a review of mode of action, efficacy, safety, and uses. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 483. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00483
  15. Fesseha, H., & Negash, G. (2020). Evaluation of single bilateral intratesticular injection of cetrimide for nonsurgical sterilization of adult male albino mice. Insights in Veterinary Science, 4(1), 025-034. 10.29328/journal.ivs.1001023
  16. Hassan, A., & Fromsa, A. (2017). Review on chemical sterilization of male dogs. International Journal of Advanced Research, 5(11), 758-770.
  17. Ibrahim, A., Ali, M. M., Abou-Khalil, N. S., & Ali, M. F. (2016). Evaluation of chemical castration with calcium chloride versus surgical castration in donkeys: testosterone as an endpoint marker. BMC Veterinary Research, 12, 1-9. 10.1186/s12917-016-0670-3.
  18. Jana, K., & Samanta, P. K. (2006). Evaluation of single intratesticular injection of calcium chloride for nonsurgical sterilization in adult albino rats. Contraception, 73(3), 289-300. 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.07.011.
  19. Jana, K., & Samanta, P. K. (2007). Sterilization of male stray dogs with a single intratesticular injection of calcium chloride: a dose-dependent study. Contraception, 75(5), 390-400. 10.1016/j.contraception.2007.01.022.
  20. Jana, K., Samanta, P. K., & Ghosh, D. (2002). Dose-dependent response to an intratesticular injection of calcium chloride for induction of chemosterilization in adult albino rats. Veterinary research communications, 26, 651-673. 10.1023/a:1020976905746.
  21. Jana, K., Samanta, P. K., & Ghosh, D. (2005). Evaluation of single intratesticular injection of calcium chloride for nonsurgical sterilization of male Black Bengal goats (Capra hircus): a dose-dependent study. Animal reproduction science, 86(1-2), 89-108. 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.05.021.
  22. Kwak, B. K., & Lee, S. H. (2013). Intratesticular injection of hypertonic saline: non-invasive alternative method for animal castration model. Development & Reproduction, 17(4), 435. 10.12717/DR.2013.17.4.435.
  23. Leoci, R., Aiudi, G., Cicirelli, V., Brent, L., Iaria, C., & Lacalandra, G. M. (2019). Effects of intratesticular vs intraepididymal calcium chloride sterilant on testicular morphology and fertility in dogs. Theriogenology, 127, 153-160. 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.006.
  24. Leoci, R., Aiudi, G., Silvestre, F., Lissner, E. A., & Lacalandra, G. M. (2014). Alcohol diluent provides the optimal formulation for calcium chloride non-surgical sterilization in dogs. Acta veterinaria scandinavica, 56, 1-7. 10.1186/s13028-014-0062-2.
  25. Leoci, R., Aiudi, G., Silvestre, F., Lissner, E. A., Marino, F., & Lacalandra, G. M. (2014b). A dose-finding, long-term study on the use of calcium chloride in saline solution as a method of nonsurgical sterilization in dogs: evaluation of the most effective concentration with the lowest risk. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 56, 1-8. 10.1186/s13028-014-0063-1.
  26. Maadi, M. A., Behfar, M., Rasaei, A., Shalizar-Jalali, A., Najafi, G., & Mohammadi, V. (2021). Chemical castration using an intratesticular injection of mannitol: a preliminary studyin a rat model. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 45(3), 519-530. 10.3906/vet-2010-111
  27. Oliveira, E. C., Moura, M. R. P., de Sá, M. J., Junior, V. A. S., Kastelic, J. P., Douglas, R. H., & Junior, A. P. M. (2012). Permanent contraception of dogs induced with intratesticular injection of a zinc gluconate-based solution. Theriogenology, 77(6), 1056-1063. 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.008.
  28. Pařizek, J. (1960). The third oliver bird lecture sterilization of the male by cadmium salts. Reproduction, 1(3), 294-309. https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0010294
  29. Samsar, E. (1978). Köpeklerde Scrotal Kesenin Çıkarılmasıyle Yapılan Castration. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(01), 36-47.
  30. Türk, G., & Ataman, O. (2016). Erkeklerde kullanılan cerrahi ve cerrahi olmayan kontrasepsiyon yöntemleri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi, 30(1), 67-74.
  31. Türk, G., Sönmez, M., Aydin, M., Yüce, A., Gür, S., Yüksel, M.,. & Aksoy, H. (2008). Effects of pomegranate juice consumption on sperm quality, spermatogenic cell density, antioxidant activity and testosterone level in male rats. Clinical nutrition, 27(2), 289-296. 10.1016/j.clnu.2007.12.006.
  32. Türk, G., Sönmez, M., Aydin, M., Yüce, A., Gür, S., Yüksel, M.,. & Aksoy, H. (2008). Effects of pomegranate juice consumption on sperm quality, spermatogenic cell density, antioxidant activity and testosterone level in male rats. Clinical nutrition, 27(2), 289-296. 10.1016/j.clnu.2007.12.006.