Mu'tezilizm'den Arta Kalan Mu'tezile

Özet

Öz Mu?tazilism is the name of a political project(mihna) al-Wathiq put into practice in the theological, entellectual and cultural areas. The idea of ?Created Qur?an? was the basic argument of this political project. The founders of this political strategy were the Mu?tazili representatives. Around the year 850, Caliph al-Mutawakkil as the revivalist of the sunna, started the counter-mihna process. Thus anti-Mu?tazili process began. After its defeat at the hands of the traditionalists(ahl al-hadith) in 850, the Mu?tazilite school of thought has been outlawed, its teachings and writings were banned. In the following years, the Baghdad Mu?tazila in particular, and the school of Basra as well, fell into political disfavor. Both schools subjected popular resentment and mistrust. This article is about the Mu?tazila?s survival through the opposition of the traditionalists. During the struggle of the Mu?tazili teachings were spread by activities of Mu?tazili theologians in different regions of Islamic World. The pupils trained by the Mu?tazili theologians propagated the Mu?tazili teachings in many regions such as Baghdad, Basra, Khurasan, Spain, Egypt, Rayy, Transoxiana, Nishapur, Khwarazm and Yemen. Especially the Zaydi branch of Shi?a hold to Mu?tazilite doctrines. During the final phase of Mu?tazilism, the Baghdad school gradually merged into the Zaydi school.