Journals / Beykoz Akademi Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2

COMPARISON OF MEAN-VARIANCE MODEL AND FIREFLY ALGORITHM PERFORMANCE: BIST 30 INDEX APPLICATION

ORTALAMA-VARYANS MODELİ İLE ATEŞ BÖCEĞİ ALGORİTMASININ PERFORMANS KARŞILAŞTIRMASI: BIST 30 ENDEKSİ UYGULAMASI

Diler Türkoğlu(SAMSUN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-5247-1590
Pages
470–486
Publication Date
2025-12-17
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The analysis's high sharpe ratio and expected return demonstrate that the firefly algorithm outperforms the mean-variance model; however, when assessing the findings, it's important to keep in mind that, given the constraints on risk management, the firefly algorithm may have certain drawbacks due to the higher downside risk it detected than the mean-variance model.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Market participants manage their portfolios with the goal of maximizing profits and avoiding risk, and portfolio optimization is crucial to this process.
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Key Findings & Data:By quantifying risk, Markowitz's mean-variance model (1952) opened up new avenues for portfolio optimization.
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Conclusion & Impact:The analysis's high sharpe ratio and expected return demonstrate that the firefly algorithm outperforms the mean-variance model; however, when assessing the findings, it's important to keep in mind that, given the constraints on risk management, the firefly algorithm may have certain drawbacks due to the higher downside risk it detected than the mean-variance model.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2018 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Portföy Optimizasyonu · Ortalama Varyans · Ateş Böceği Algoritması.

Abstract

Market participants manage their portfolios with the goal of maximizing profits and avoiding risk, and portfolio optimization is crucial to this process. By quantifying risk, Markowitz's mean-variance model (1952) opened up new avenues for portfolio optimization. However, in the last several years, advances in finance and many other fields have been illuminated by artificial intelligence algorithms. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the Firefly algorithm with Markowitz's mean-variance model, this research will focus on optimization issues, as this method is one of the ways to solve difficulties. The performance metrics of the portfolios, which include expected return, risk, sharpe ratio, coefficient of variation, and downside risk, were determined using data from the companies listed in the BIST30 Index between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2023, in accordance with the conventional mean variance model. The performance of the two models was then compared when the metrics in issue were recalculated using the Firefly algorithm, a Meta-Heuristic artificial intelligence technique, taking into account the data from 2023, when the most successful results were attained. The analysis's high sharpe ratio and expected return demonstrate that the firefly algorithm outperforms the mean-variance model; however, when assessing the findings, it's important to keep in mind that, given the constraints on risk management, the firefly algorithm may have certain drawbacks due to the higher downside risk it detected than the mean-variance model.

Özet

Portföy optimizasyonu getiriyi maksimize ederek riski minimum düzeyde tutma hedefiyle piyasa katılımcılarının portföy yönetiminde önem teşkil etmektedir. Markowitz (1952)’in öne sürdüğü ortalama-varyans modeli ise riski matematikselleştirerek portföy optimizasyonuna yeni bir bakış açısı kazandırmıştır. Ancak son dönemlerde yapay zeka algoritmaları bir çok alanda olduğu gibi finans alanında da yeniliklere ışık tutmaktadır. Ateş böceği algoritmasının dinamik bir şekilde optimizasyon problemlerine odaklanarak, sorunları çözmek için kullanılan tekniklerden biri olması motivasyonu altında bu çalışmanın amacı Markowitz’in ortalama-varyans modeli ile Ateş böceği algoritmasının performans karşılaştırmasının yapılmasıdır. Bu doğrultuda 01/01/2018 ile 31/12/2023 tarihleri arasında BİST30 Endeksinde faaliyet gösteren firmalardan elde edilen verilerle yıl bazında portföylerin performans metrikleri (beklenen getiri, risk, sharpe oranı, değişim katsayısı ve downside riski) geleneksel model olan ortalama varyans modeline göre hesaplanmıştır. Ardından en başarılı sonuçların alındığı 2023 yılı verileri dikkate alınarak Meta-Sezgisel bir yapay zekâ yöntemi olan Ateş böceği algoritmasıyla söz konusu metrikler tekrar hesaplanarak her iki modelin performans karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde ateş böceği algoritmasının performansından elde edilen yüksek sharpe oranı ve beklenen getiri ortalama-varyans modelinden daha başarılı performans sergilediğini gözler önüne sermektedir; ancak sonuçlar değerlendirilirken ortalama varyans modeline göre tespit edilen daha yüksek downside riski ateş böceği algoritmasının risk yönetimi açısından kısıtlar dahilinde bazı dezavantajlar sağlayabileceği de göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.

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Cite This Article

Türkoğlu, D. (2025). COMPARISON OF MEAN-VARIANCE MODEL AND FIREFLY ALGORITHM PERFORMANCE: BIST 30 INDEX APPLICATION. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 470–486. https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1579573

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