Journals / Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Deposition of TiO2-Doped Diamond-Like Carbon Films From a New Solution and Their Characterizations

TiO2 Katkılı Elmas-Benzeri Karbon Filmlerin Yeni Bir Çözeltiden Üretilmesi ve Karakterizasyonları

Necati Başman(İSKENDERUN TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-8421-641X
Mehmet Gökçen(Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi)0000-0003-3900-4626
Cengiz Temiz(Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi)0000-0002-9265-7485
Pages
1–8
Publication Date
2022-06-01
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The obtained findings showed that TiO2 doped DLC nanocomposite films can be easily deposited with the solution proposed in this study.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are the most studied coating materials due to their mechanical and physical properties.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In our previous study, we were able to produce a titanium dioxide (TiO2) doped DLC film by electrochemical method from a mixture of methanol (CH3OH) and titanium solution obtained by dissolving titanium metal in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The obtained findings showed that TiO2 doped DLC nanocomposite films can be easily deposited with the solution proposed in this study.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Elmas-benzeri karbon · Titanyum dioksit · Nanokompozit

Abstract

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are the most studied coating materials due to their mechanical and physical properties. Many studies have been conducted on the deposition methods and doping to improve the properties of these films. Among the deposition methods, the electrochemical deposition has advantages such as convenience and inexpensive equipment. In our previous study, we were able to produce a titanium dioxide (TiO2) doped DLC film by electrochemical method from a mixture of methanol (CH3OH) and titanium solution obtained by dissolving titanium metal in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In this study, TiO2 doped DLC films were deposited by electrolysis of solutions formed from a mixture of titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) and methanol. The films deposited at two different TTIP concentrations were characterized morphologically, structurally and elementally. Scanning electron micrographs were shown that the films are homogeneous and compact. No change was observed in the morphology of the films after annealing the films at 600 0C. Chemical analyses showed that titanium was in the form of TiO2 and the amount of titanium increased with increasing TTIP concentration. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that TiO2 was amorphous in the DLC matrix and the film prepared with lower TTIP concentration had diamond content. After annealing at 600 0C, it was seen that this film was graphitized. The obtained findings showed that TiO2 doped DLC nanocomposite films can be easily deposited with the solution proposed in this study.

Özet

Elmas-benzeri karbon (EBK) filmler gösterdikleri mekanik ve fiziksel özelliklerinden dolayı en çok çalışılan kaplama malzemeleridir. Bu filmlerin özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi için üretim yöntemleri ve katkılanmaları üzerine pek çok çalışma yapılmıştır. Üretim yöntemleri arasında elektrokimyasal biriktirme yöntemi, kolaylık ve ucuz ekipman gibi avantajlara sahiptir. Daha önceki bir çalışmamızda, titanyum metalini hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) içerisinde çözündürerek elde ettiğimiz titanyum çözeltisi ile metanol (CH3OH) karışımından, elektrokimyasal yöntemle titanyum dioxide (TiO2) katkılı EBK film üretmeyi başarmıştık. Bu çalışmada ise TiO2 katkılı EBK filmler titanyum isopropoxide (TTIP) ve metanol karışımından oluşturulan çözeltilerin elektrolizi ile biriktirildi. İki farklı TTIP konsantrasyonunda üretilen filmler, morfolojik, yapısal ve elementel olarak karakterize edildi. Taramalı elektron mikroskobu fotoğrafları filmlerin homojen ve kompakt olduğunu göstermiştir. Filmlerin 600 0C ‘de tavlanmasıyla filmlerin morfolojisinde bir değişiklik gözlenmemiştir. X-ışınları fotoelektron spektroskopisi analizleri, titanyumun film içerisinde TiO2 formunda olduğunu ve TTIP konsantrasyonunun artmasıyla filmdeki titanyum miktarının arttığını göstermiştir. X-ışınları kırınımı analizleri, TiO2’nin EBK matriste amorf olarak bulunduğunu ve daha düşük TTIP konsantrasyonuyla hazırlanan filmin elmas içeriğe sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. 600 0C de tavlandıktan sonra ise bu filmin grafitize olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular, TiO2 katkılı EBK nanokompozit filmlerin bu çalışmada önerilen çözeltiyle kolaylıkla üretilebileceğini göstermiştir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Başman, N., Gökçen, M., Temiz, C. (2022). Deposition of TiO2-Doped Diamond-Like Carbon Films From a New Solution and Their Characterizations. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.7212/karaelmasfen.902067

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (34)

  1. Amin, M. S., Randeniya, L. K., Bendavid, A., Martin, P. J., Preston, E. W. 2009. Diamond & Related Materials Amorphous carbonated apatite formation on diamond-like carbon containing titanium oxide. Diam. Relat. Mater., 18(9): 1139–1144. Doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2009.02.034
  2. Basman, N., Aslan, N., Uzun, O., Cankaya, G., Kolemen, U. 2015. Electrical characterization of metal/diamond-like carbon/inorganic semiconductor MIS Schottky barrier diodes. Microelectron. Eng., 140: 18–22. Doi:10.1016/j.mee.2015.05.001
  3. Basman, N., Uzun, R., Gocer, E., Bacaksiz, E., Kolemen, U. 2018. Electrodeposition of Si–DLC nanocomposite film and its electronic application. Microsyst. Technol., 24(5): 2287–2294. Doi:10.1007/s00542-017-3635-y
  4. Basman, N., Varol, S. F. 2019. High Temperature Characterization of a MIS Schottky Diode Based on Diamond-Like Carbon Nanocomposite Film. J. Electron. Mater., 48(12): 7874–7881. Doi:10.1007/s11664-019-07621-9
  5. Basman, N. 2020. TiO2 Katkılı Elmas-Benzeri Karbon Nanokompozit Filmin Elektrokimyasal Yöntemle Biriktirilmesi. Karaelmas Fen ve Müh. Derg., 10: 94-99. Doi: 10.7212/zkufbd.v10i1.1373
  6. Bharti, B., Kumar, S., Lee, H. N., Kumar, R. 2016. Formation of oxygen vacancies and Ti3+ state in TiO2 thin film and enhanced optical properties by air plasma treatment. Scientific Reports., 6: 1–12. Doi:10.1038/srep32355
  7. Bootkul, D., Saenphinit, N., Supsermpol, B., Aramwit, C., Intarasiri, S. 2014. Synthesis of Ti-doped DLC film on SS304 steels by Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc (FCVA) technique for tribological improvement. Appl. Surf. Sci., 310: 293–299. Doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.04.053
  8. Bouabibsa, I., Alhussein, A., Lamri, S., Sanchette, F., Rtimi, S. 2020. Biological responses at the interface of Ti-doped diamond-like carbon surfaces for indoor environment application. Environ. Sci. Pollut Res. Int., 27(25): 31120–31129. Doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09376-x
  9. Caschera, D., Federici, F., Pandolfi, L., Kaciulis, S., Sebastiani, M., Bemporad, E., Padeletti, G. 2011. Effect of composition on mechanical behaviour of diamond-like carbon coatings modified with titanium. Thin Solid Films, 519(10): 3061–3067. Doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2010.12.031
  10. Chen, S. Y., Ou, K. L., Huang, W. C., Chu, K. T., Ou, S. F. 2013. Phase transformation of diamond-like carbon/silver composite films by sputtering deposition. Ceram. Intern., 39(3): 2575–2580. Doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.09.019
  11. Chen, X., Kuo, D. H., Lu, D. 2017. Visible light response and superior dispersed S-doped TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized via ionic liquid. Adv. Powder Technol., 28(4): 1213–1220. Doi:10.1016/j.apt.2017.02.007
  12. Dai, W., Ke, P., Wang, A. 2013. Influence of bias voltage on microstructure and properties of Al-containing diamond-like carbon films deposited by a hybrid ion beam system. Surf. Coat. Technol., 229: 217–221. Doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.03.076
  13. Ennaceri, H., Boujnah, M., Taleb, A., Khaldoun, A., Sáez-Araoz, R., Ennaoui, A., El Kenz, A., Benyoussef, A. 2017. Thickness effect on the optical properties of TiO2-anatase thin films prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis: Experimental and ab initio study. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 42(30): 19467–19480. Doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.06.015
  14. Erdemir, A., Donnet, C. 2006. Tribology of diamond-like carbon films: Recent progress and future prospects. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 39(18): 311–327. Doi:10.1088/0022-3727/39/18/R01
  15. He, Z., Que, W., Chen, J., He, Y., Wang, G. 2013. Surface chemical analysis on the carbon-doped mesoporous TiO2 photocatalysts after post-thermal treatment: XPS and FTIR characterization. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 74(7): 924–928. Doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2013.02.001
  16. Isildak, O., Özbek, O. 2020. Application of potentiometric sensors in real samples. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 1-14. Doi: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1711013
  17. Khun, N. W., Liu, E., Zeng, X. T. 2009. Corrosion behavior of nitrogen doped diamond-like carbon thin films in NaCl solutions. Corros. Sci., 51(9): 2158–2164. Doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2009.05.050
  18. Lin, Y. T., Weng, C. H., Lin, Y. H., Shiesh, C. C., Chen, F. Y. 2013. Effect of C content and calcination temperature on the photocatalytic activity of C-doped TiO2 catalyst. Sep. Purif. Technol., 116: 114–123. Doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2013.05.018
  19. Lopes, F. S., Oliveira, J. R., Milani, J., Oliveira, L. D., Machado, J. P. B., Trava-Airoldi, V. J., Lobo, A. O., Marciano, F. R. 2017. Biomineralized diamond-like carbon films with incorporated titanium dioxide nanoparticles improved bioactivity properties and reduced biofilm formation. Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 81(May): 373–379. Doi:10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.043
  20. Ma, Y., Han, L., Ma, H., Wang, J., Liu, J., Cheng, L., Yang, J., Zhang, Q. 2017. Improving the visible-light photocatalytic activity of interstitial carbon-doped TiO 2 with electron-withdrawing bidentate carboxylate ligands. Catal. Commun., 95: 1–5. Doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2017.02.025
  21. Marciano, F. R., Lima-Oliveira, D. A., Da-Silva, N. S., Diniz, A. V., Corat, E. J., Trava-Airoldi, V. J. 2009. Antibacterial activity of DLC films containing TiO2 nanoparticles. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 340(1): 87–92. Doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2009.08.024
  22. Nezar, S., Saoula, N., Sali, S., Faiz, M., Mekki, M., Laoufi, N. A., Tabet, N. 2017. Properties of TiO2 thin films deposited by rf reactive magnetron sputtering on biased substrates. Appl. Surf. Sci., 395: 172–179. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.08.125
  23. Park, Y., Kim, W., Park, H., Tachikawa, T., Majima, T., Choi, W. 2009. Carbon-doped TiO2 photocatalyst synthesized without using an external carbon precursor and the visible light activity. Appl. Catal. B. Environ., 91(1–2): 355–361. Doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.06.001
  24. Robertson, J. 2002. Diamond-like amorphous carbon.pdf. Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep., 37: 129–281. Doi:10.1016/S0927-796X(02)00005-0
  25. Sullivan, J. A., Neville, E. M., Herron, R., Thampi, K. R., Macelroy, J. M. D. 2014. Routes to visible light active C-doped TiO2 photocatalysts using carbon atoms from the Ti precursors. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 289: 60–65. Doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.05.009
  26. Thorwarth, G., Hammerl, C., Kuhn, M., Assmann, W., Schey, B., Stritzker, B. 2005. Investigation of DLC synthesized by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition. Surf. Coat. Technol., 193(1-3 SPEC. ISS.): 206–212. Doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.07.061
  27. Wachesk, C. C., Pires, C. A. F., Ramos, B. C., Trava-Airoldi, V. J., Lobo, A. O., Pacheco-Soares, C., Marciano, F. R., Da-Silva, N. S. 2013. Cell viability and adhesion on diamond-like carbon films containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Appl. Surf. Sci., 266: 176–181. Doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.11.124
  28. Wachesk, C. C., Trava-Airoldi, V. J., Da-Silva, N. S., Lobo, A. O., Marciano, F. R. 2016. The Influence of Titanium Dioxide on Diamond-Like Carbon Biocompatibility for Dental Applications. J. Nanomater., 2016: 8194516. Doi:10.1155/2016/8194516
  29. Warkhade, S. K., Gaikwad, G. S., Zodape, S. P., Pratap, U., Maldhure, A. V., Wankhade, A. V. 2017. Low temperature synthesis of pure anatase carbon doped titanium dioxide: An efficient visible light active photocatalyst. Mater. Sci. Semicond Process., 63: 18–24. Doi:10.1016/j.mssp.2017.01.011
  30. Xu, W., Zhou, K. S., Lin, S., Dai, M., Shi, Q., Wei, C. 2018. Structural properties of hydrogenated Al-doped diamond-like carbon films fabricated by a hybrid plasma system. Diam. Relat. Mater., 87(June): 177–185. Doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2018.06.012
  31. Y. Huang, W. Ho, S. Lee, L. Zahng, Y. Li, J. Y. 2008. Effect of Carbon Doping on the Mesoporous Structure of Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide and Its Solar-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of NOx. Langmuir, 24(7): 3510-3516. Doi: 10.1021/la703333z
  32. Yan, X. B., Xu, T., Yang, S. R., Liu, H. W., Xue, Q. J. 2004. Characterization of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films electrochemically deposited on a silicon substrate. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 37(17): 2416–2424. Doi:10.1088/0022-3727/37/17/012
  33. Yu, Y., & Zhang, J. 2009. Electrodeposition and characterization of Pd nanoparticles doped amorphous hydrogenated carbon films. Solid State Sci., 11(11), 1929–1932. Doi:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2009.07.012
  34. Park, Y., Kim, W., Park, H., Tachikawa, T., Majima, T., Choi, W. 2009. Carbon-doped TiO2 photocatalyst synthesized without using an external carbon precursor and the visible light activity. Appl. Catal. B. Environ., 91(1–2): 355–361. Doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.06.001