Journals / Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Role of Slab Rigidity on the Behavior of Axially Loaded Pile Group

Radye Plak Rijitliğinin Düşey Eksenel Yüklü Kazık Grubu Davranışına Etkisi

Zehra Nil Taylan(MALTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-4813-588X
Mert Tolon(MALTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-0131-2976
Pages
118–130
Publication Date
2023-06-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It is also concluded that the raft must be sufficiently rigid to distribute the loads to the piles effectively.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Within the scope of this study, which was based on the structural modelling variations of pile foundations, three different approaches for different pile-soil interaction criteria were discussed.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In this study a 26.0m x 50.0 m piled raft foundation of a 7 - story building was examined.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:It is also concluded that the raft must be sufficiently rigid to distribute the loads to the piles effectively.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2000 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Zemin-yapı etkileşimi · Doğrusal olmayan zemin yayları · t-z eğrileri

Abstract

Within the scope of this study, which was based on the structural modelling variations of pile foundations, three different approaches for different pile-soil interaction criteria were discussed. These approaches were respectively, i. simple model: fixed supported model, ii. detailed structural model: equivalent linear spring model and iii. detailed structural model: non-linear spring model. The first two approaches were used for pre-dimensioning and were calculated for single raft thickness. In the third approach, the model was iteratively analyzed for different slab thicknesses and the load distribution transferred to piles, slab stress distribution and settlement behavior were examined. In this study a 26.0m x 50.0 m piled raft foundation of a 7 - story building was examined. In the structural models created using the SAP 2000 program, the soil-structure behavior was expressed with relevant springs, and any soil resistance contribution under the raft was not taken into account. Pile forces were obtained through definition of the actual load-deformation relationships of the raft and the piles via varying raft thickness and non-linear soil links. The deformation characteristics and load distribution among the piles were evaluated for an optimal design. Finally, conservative versus comprehensive approaches for design of a piled raft foundation under axial loading were discussed with respect to safety and feasibility where two approaches gave consistent results. It is also concluded that the raft must be sufficiently rigid to distribute the loads to the piles effectively. In this specific study, the raft functions effectively once the thickness reached 1m and above.

Özet

Kazıklı temellerin yapısal modellenme çeşitliliklerini temel alan bu çalışma kapsamında farklı kazık-zemin etkileşim kriterlerini dikkate alan üç ayrı yaklaşım ele alınmıştır. Bunlar sırasıyla, i. basit model: ankastre mesnet modeli, ii. detaylı yapısal model: eş değer lineer yay kabulü, iii. detaylı yapısal model: non-lineer zemin yayları şeklindedir. İlk iki yaklaşım kazıkların ön boyutlandırması için kullanılmış ve tek radye kalınlığı için hesaplanmıştır. Son model yaklaşımında ise farklı radye kalınlıkları için model tekrarlı şekilde çözülmüş ve kazıklara aktarılan yük dağılımı, radye gerilme dağılımı ve oturma davranışı irdelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, 26.0m x 50.0m boyutlarında radye temeli olan, yüksek bodrumlu, 7 katlı bir yapı kullanılmıştır. SAP 2000 programı kullanılarak yapılan yapısal modellerde zemin-yapı davranışı, yük-deformasyon ilişkileri şeklinde ilgili yaylar ile ifade edilip radye altında herhangi bir temel altı zemin direnci katkısı dikkate alınmamıştır. Bu şekilde radye ve kazıklar arasındaki gerçek yük-deformasyon ilişkisi nonlineer zemin yay tanımı ile farklı radye kalınlıkları için incelenmiştir. Çalışmada verimli bir tasarım için, derin temel elemanları olan kazıkların deformasyon karakteristiği ve nihayetinde kazıklar arası yük dağılımı çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, eksenel yüklü kazıklı radye temellerin geoteknik tasarımında basitleştirilmiş ve detaylı yaklaşımların kullanımının güvenlik ve uygulanabirlik açısından değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Her iki yaklaşımın uyumlu sonuç verdiği ve basitleştirmenin de eksenel yükler altında tasarım için kabul edilebilir olduğu teyit edilmiştir. Bunun yanısıra ayrıca, üst yapı yüklerinin kazıklara efektif aktarılması için radyenin yeteri derecede rijit olması gerekliliği sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışmada ele alınan modelde, radye kalınlığının en az 1m olması durumunda radye temel efektif olarak yük aktarmaya başlamıştır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Taylan, Z. N., Kılıç, İ. E., Tolon, M. (2023). Role of Slab Rigidity on the Behavior of Axially Loaded Pile Group. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 118–130. https://doi.org/10.7212/karaelmasfen.1195504

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (29)

  1. API-RP2A-WSD, American Petroleum Institute, 2000. Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing fixed offshore platforms- working stress design, 21st Edition, API Publishing Services, Washington D.C., USA 223 pp.
  2. Bowles, J. E., 1988. Foundation Analysis and Design, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, UK, 1023 pp.
  3. Comodromos, E. M., Bareka, S. V. 2009. Response evaluation of axially loaded fixed-head pile groups in clayey soils. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 33:1839-1865. Doi: 10.1002/nag.787
  4. Cunha, R. P., Poulos, H. G., Small, J. C. 2001. Investigation of design alternatives for a piled raft case history. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Eng., 127(8): 635-641. Doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:8(635)
  5. Kalita, M., Nath, U. K., Hazarika, P. J. 2021. Effect of pile spacing and raft thickness on the behaviour of piled-raft foundation—a parametric study using FEM. Advances in Structural Technologies, 111-122. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-5235-9_9
  6. Kumar, A., Patil, M., Choudhury, D. 2016. Soil-structure interaction in a combined pile-raft foundation – a case study. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Eng.-Geotechnical Eng., 170(2): 117-128. Doi: 10.1680.jgeen.16.00075
  7. Kutlu, Z. N., Kılıç İ. E., 2019. Pile group foundation behavior analysis of a building under axial loading. Proceedings of 8th International Geotechnical Symposium, pp. 858-869, Istanbul, Turkey.
  8. Kutlu, Y. 2011. Deniz üstü rüzgar türbini temel tasarımı ve Türkiye’de kazıklı bir uygulaması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi.
  9. Lee, J., Kim, Y., Jeong, S. 2010. Three-dimensional analysis of bearing behavior of piled raft on soft clay. Computers and Geotechnics, 37(1-2): 103–114. Doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2009.07.009
  10. Leung, Y. F., Klar, A., Soga, K. 2010. Theoretical study on pile length optimization of pile groups and piled rafts. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Eng., 136(2): 319-330. Doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000206
  11. Liang, F., Chena, L., Shib, X. 2003. Numerical analysis of composite piled raft with cushion subjected to vertical load. Computers and Geotechnics, 30(6): 443–453. Doi: 10.1016/S0266-352X(03)00057-0
  12. Lin, D., Feng, Z. 2006. A numerical study of piled raft foundations. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Eng., 29(6): 1091-1097. Doi: 10.1080/02533839.2006.9671208
  13. Long, P. D. 2010. Piled raft–a cost-effective foundation method for high-rises. Geotechnical Eng. Journal of the SEAGS & AGSSEA, 41(3): 1-12. ISSN 0046-5828
  14. Mali, S. M. 2019. 3D numerical modeling of large piled-raft foundation on clayey soils for different loadings and pile-raft configurations. Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, 42(1): 1-17. Doi: 10.2478/sgem-2019-0026
  15. Mandolini, A., Viggiani, C. 1997. Settlement of piled foundations. Gêotechnique, 47(4): 791–816. Doi: 10.1680/geot.1997.47.4.791
  16. Manjunath, N. V., Soundara, B., Ranjitham, M. 2018. Effect of modulus of subgrade reactions on the static behavior of raft foundation resting on sand. Int. J. of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 119(18): 2649-2661. ISSN: 1314-3395.
  17. Modak, R. Singh B. 2022. Parametric study of the behavior of large piled raft foundation on stiff clay. Foundation and Forensic Geotechnical Engineering, 43-54. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-6359-9_5
  18. Nguyen, D. D. C., Jo, S. B, Kim, D. S. 2013. Design method of piled-raft foundations under vertical load considering interaction effects. Computers and Geotechnics, 47: 16–27. Doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.06.007
  19. Oh, E. Y., Lin, D. G., Bui, Q. M., Huang, M. 2009. Numerical analysis of piled raft foundation in sandy and clayey soils. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechical Engineering, pp. 1159-1162, Alexandrina, Egypt.
  20. Poulos, H. G. 2001. Piled raft foundations design and applications. Gêotechnique, 51(2): 95–113. Doi: 10.1680/geot.2001.51.2.95
  21. Plaxis 3D, 2018. Tutorial manual, Bentley communities, UK, 138 pp.
  22. Randolph, M. F. 1994. Design methods for pile groups and piled rafts. Proc. 13th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, pp. 61–82, New Delhi, India.
  23. Reul, O., Randolph, M. F. 2003. Piled rafts in overconsolidated clay comparison of in situ measurements and numerical analyses. Gêotechnique, 53(3): 301–315. Doi: 10.1680/geot.2003.53.3.301
  24. Saeed, H. H. 2022. Effect of soil nonlinearity on analysis of raft foundation. Civil and Environmental Eng., 18(1): 292-300. Doi: 10.2478/cee-2022-0027
  25. Sales, M. M., Small, J. C., Poulos, H. G. 2010. Compensated Piled Rafts in Clayey Soils- Behaviour, Measurements, and Predictions. Can. Geotech. J. 47: 327–345. Doi: 10.1139/T09-106
  26. Sheil, B. B., McCabe B. A., Comodromos, E. M., Lehane, B. M. 2019. Pile groups under axial loading: an appraisal of simplified non-linear prediction models. Gêotechnique, 69(7): 565–579. Doi: 10.1680/jgeot.17.R.040
  27. Sinha, P., Wanare, R., Dalal, P., Iyer K.K.R. 2019. An analytical parametric study on behaviour of flexible raft foundation. Proc.of the Indian Geotechnical Conference, pp. 365-374, India. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6346-5_32.
  28. Tan, Y. C., Chow, C. M. 2004. Design of piled raft foundation on soft ground. GSM-IEM Forum: The roles of engineering geology & geotechnical engineering in construction works, Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
  29. Tomlinson, M., Woodward, J. 2014. Pile Design and Construction Practice, 6th Edition, CRC Press Taylor & Francis, Florida, USA, 608 pp.