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Journals / Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

Biological Evaluation of 2,3-Dimethylnaphthazarin Derivatives as α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors: A Molecular Docking Approach

2,3-Dimetilnaftazarin Türevlerinin α-Amilaz ve α-Glukozidaz İnhibitörleri Olarak Biyolojik Değerlendirmesi: Moleküler Yerleştirme Yaklaşımı

Leyla Kaya(BULENT ECEVIT UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY)0000-0002-8013-2657
Murat Bingül(DICLE UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY)0000-0002-3909-0694
Sadık Metin Ceyhan(GEBZE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF BASIC SCIENCES)0009-0000-2726-8494
Mehmet Fatih Saglam(GEBZE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF BASIC SCIENCES)0000-0003-4292-6023
Pages
160–171
Publication Date
2026-04-21
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Consequently, compounds 10 and 14 emerged as the most promising and selective inhibitors of α-glucosidase, exhibiting IC50 values of 217.6 and 245.4 μM, respectively, exhibiting significantly better activity compared to standard Acarbose.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:In this study, the antidiabetic properties of various mono- and bis-ester derivatives of 2,3-dimethylnaphthazarin were investigated.
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Key Findings & Data:Compounds 10, 13, and 14 exhibited better specific activity against α-glucosidase relative to standard Acarbose but were found to be non-active in inhibiting α-amylase.
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Conclusion & Impact:Consequently, compounds 10 and 14 emerged as the most promising and selective inhibitors of α-glucosidase, exhibiting IC50 values of 217.6 and 245.4 μM, respectively, exhibiting significantly better activity compared to standard Acarbose.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:ADME · 3-dimetilnaftazarin · diyabet

Abstract

In this study, the antidiabetic properties of various mono- and bis-ester derivatives of 2,3-dimethylnaphthazarin were investigated. The inhibitory effects of these compounds on key enzymes involved in diabetes, particularly α-amylase and α-glucosidase, were evaluated. Furthermore, the binding potentials of these derivatives were analysed using molecular docking. Compounds 10, 13, and 14 exhibited better specific activity against α-glucosidase relative to standard Acarbose but were found to be non-active in inhibiting α-amylase. This disparity indicates a degree of selectivity toward α-glucosidase over α-amylase, suggesting that these compounds may offer a more targeted modulation of postprandial glucose levels while potentially minimizing adverse effects associated with strong α-amylase inhibition. Structural analysis of potent α-glucosidase inhibitors revealed that the presence of nitro and methyl groups as substitutions on the benzene ring were crucial for potency. This outcome was also favoured by data obtained from computational study with the strong hydrogen bonding desirable hydrophobic contacts due to the interactions with the nitro group and Arg400 as well as the methyl substitution and Pro230 residues. Consequently, compounds 10 and 14 emerged as the most promising and selective inhibitors of α-glucosidase, exhibiting IC50 values of 217.6 and 245.4 μM, respectively, exhibiting significantly better activity compared to standard Acarbose.

Özet

Bu çalışmada, 2,3-dimetilnaftazarin bileşiklerinin çeşitli tek- ve çift- ester türevlerinin antidiyabetik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Bileşiklerin diyabette rol oynayan anahtar enzimler üzerindeki, özellikle α-amilaz ve α-glukozidaz inhibitör etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu türevlerin bağlanma potansiyelleri moleküler yerleştirme kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. 10, 13 ve 14 numaralı bileşikler, standart Akarboza kıyasla α-glukozidaza karşı daha iyi spesifik aktivite sergilerken, α-amilazı inhibe etmede aktif olmadıkları bulunmuştur. Bu farklılık, söz konusu bileşiklerin α-amilaza kıyasla α-glukozidaza karşı belirgin bir seçicilik gösterdiğini ortaya koymakta olup, güçlü α-amilaz inhibisyonuyla ilişkili olumsuz etkileri en aza indirirken, yemek sonrası glikoz seviyelerinin daha hedefli bir şekilde düzenlenmesine katkı sağlayabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Güçlü α-glukozidaz inhibitörlerinin yapısal analizi, benzen halkasında nitro ve metil gruplarının sübstitüent olarak bulunmasının etkinlik için çok önemli olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu sonuç, nitro grubu ve Arg400 ile etkileşimler ve metil ikamesi ve Pro230 kalıntıları nedeniyle arzu edilen güçlü hidrojen bağları içeren hidrofobik temaslar ile elde edilen hesaplamalı çalışma verileriyle de desteklenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, 10 ve 14 numaralı bileşikler, sırasıyla 217.6 ve 245.4 μM’lik IC50 değerleri sergileyerek, standart Akarboz’a kıyasla önemli ölçüde daha iyi aktivite gösteren, α-glukozidaz için en umut vadeden ve seçici inhibitörler olarak saptanmıştır.

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Cite This Article

Kaya, L., Bingül, M., Ceyhan, S. M., Saglam, M. F., *, L. K. (2026). Biological Evaluation of 2,3-Dimethylnaphthazarin Derivatives as α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors: A Molecular Docking Approach. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 160–171. https://doi.org/10.7212/karaelmasfen.1819743

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