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Journals / Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Evaluation of Dose-Dependent Acute Toxicity of the Pyrethroid Insecticide Deltamethrin Using the Allium cepa Test Model

Piretroid İnsektisit Deltametrinin Doza Bağlı Akut Toksisitesinin Allium cepa Test Modeli Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi

Dilek Çavuşoğlu(ISPARTA UYGULAMALI BİLİMLER ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ATABEY MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, BİTKİSEL VE HAYVANSAL ÜRETİM BÖLÜMÜ, BİTKİ KORUMA PR.)0000-0002-7963-8204
Kürşat Çavuşoğlu(SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-6457-0457
Pages
47–60
Publication Date
2026-07-24
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, deltamethrin is a multi-faceted toxic chemical agent for the bioindicator organism A. cepa.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Deltamethrin is a pesticide with harmful effects on the environment, especially on plants, animals, and humans, due to its widespread use and high non-selective potency.
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Key Findings & Data:For this purpose, A. cepa bulbs, divided into four groups, were treated with tap water (control), 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 g L-1 deltamethrin for 7 days.
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Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, deltamethrin is a multi-faceted toxic chemical agent for the bioindicator organism A. cepa.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Anatomi · büyüme · çimlenme

Abstract

Deltamethrin is a pesticide with harmful effects on the environment, especially on plants, animals, and humans, due to its widespread use and high non-selective potency. The current study was conducted to investigate the acute toxicity of deltamethrin insecticide on the model organism Allium cepa L. For this purpose, A. cepa bulbs, divided into four groups, were treated with tap water (control), 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 g L-1 deltamethrin for 7 days. All studied deltamethrin concentrations caused a significant decrease in morphophysiological properties such as germination percentage, root elongation, number of hairy roots, and fresh weight. Following the application of deltamethrin, there was a marked decrease in the mitotic index and a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleus and chromosomal abnormalities, which are cytogenetic properties. Chromosomal abnormalities observed in relation to deltamethrin administration included micronucleus formation, nuclear budding, bilobed nucleus, chromosomal agglutination, c-mitosis, sticky chromosomes, unequal chromatin distribution, chromosome fragmentation, chromosome bridges, ring chromosomes, polar shift, lagging chromosomes, and vagrant chromosomes. Furthermore, while the roots of the control bulbs treated with tap water were normal and healthy, a significant root anatomical structure damage was observed in the bulbs treated with deltamethrin. Deltamethrin-induced anatomical damages were identified as accumulation of cellular substance in epidermis and cortex cells, substance accumulation in vascular tissue, nucleus deformation, deformation of epidermis and cortex cells, disruption of structural integrity in the vascular tissue, necrosis, and thickening of the cortex cell wall. On the other hand, the deteriorations in the morpho-physiological, cytogenetic, and anatomical properties examined became more pronounced with increasing doses of deltamethrin. In conclusion, deltamethrin is a multi-faceted toxic chemical agent for the bioindicator organism A. cepa.

Özet

Deltametrin, yaygın kullanımı ve düşük seçiciliği nedeniyle çevre ve özellikle bitkiler, hayvanlar ve insanlar üzerinde zararlı etkileri olan bir böcek ilacıdır. Mevcut çalışma, Allium cepa L. deneysel model organizmasında deltametrin insektisitinin akut toksisitesini araştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, dört gruba ayrılan A. cepa bulblarına 7 gün süresince çeşme suyu (kontrol), 0.75, 1.0 ve 1.25 g L-1 deltametrin uygulanmıştır. Çalışılan tüm deltametrin konsantrasyonları, çimlenme yüzdesi, kök uzaması, adventif kök sayısı ve taze ağırlık gibi morfo-fizyolojik özelliklerde önemli bir azalmaya neden olmuştur. Deltametrin uygulamasını takiben sitogenetik özellikler olan mitotik indekste belirgin bir azalma, mikronükleus sıklığı ve kromozomal anormalliklerde belirgin bir artış meydana gelmiştir. Deltametrin uygulamasına bağlı olarak gözlenen kromozomal anormallikler arasında mikronükleus oluşumu, çekirdekte tomurcuklanma, biloblu çekirdek, kromozomal aglütinasyon, c-mitoz, yapışkan kromozomlar, kromatinin eşit olmayan dağılımı, kromozom fragmentasyonu, kromozom köprüleri, halka kromozom, kutup kayması, geri kalmış kromozomlar ve vagrant kromozom yer almıştır. Ayrıca, çeşme suyu ile muamele edilen kontrol bulblarının kökleri normal ve sağlıklı iken, deltametrin ile muamele edilen bulblarda belirgin bir kök anatomik yapı hasarı gözlenmiştir. Deltametrin kaynaklı anatomik hasarlar, epidermis ve korteks hücrelerinde hücresel madde birikimi, iletim dokusunda madde birikimi, çekirdek deformasyonu, epidermis ve korteks hücre deformasyonu, iletim dokusunda yapısal bütünlüğün bozulması, nekroz ve korteks hücre duvarında kalınlaşma olarak belirlenmiştir. Diğer yandan, incelenen morfo-fizyolojik, sitogenetik ve anatomik özelliklerdeki bozulmalar, deltametrin dozunun artmasıyla daha da belirginleşmiştir. Sonuç olarak, deltametrin biyoindikatör organizma olan A. cepa için çok yönlü toksik bir kimyasal ajandır.

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Cite This Article

Çavuşoğlu, D., Çavuşoğlu, K. (2026). Evaluation of Dose-Dependent Acute Toxicity of the Pyrethroid Insecticide Deltamethrin Using the Allium cepa Test Model. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 47–60. https://doi.org/10.7212/karaelmasfen.1831353

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