SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 35

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE FUTURE OF WORK: A HUMAN-CENTERED PERSPECTIVE FROM THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

YAPAY ZEKÂ VE ÇALIŞMANIN GELECEĞİ: SOSYAL BİLİMLERDEN İNSAN MERKEZLİ BİR BAKIŞ

Cumali Kılıç(MARDİN ARTUKLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-1564-1938
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-07-21
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Developed within a conceptual framework, this study offers guidance for future research and policymaking, highlighting the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure that AI not only enhances efficiency but also promotes justice, well-being, and sustainability.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the future of work from a human-centered, interdisciplinary perspective.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Drawing on insights from sociology, ethics, education and organizational behavior studies, it highlights how AI reshapes job roles, skills, workplace dynamics and labor identities.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Developed within a conceptual framework, this study offers guidance for future research and policymaking, highlighting the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure that AI not only enhances efficiency but also promotes justice, well-being, and sustainability.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Yapay Zeka · İşin Geleceği · İnsan Merkezli Tasarım

Abstract

This study examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the future of work from a human-centered, interdisciplinary perspective. Drawing on insights from sociology, ethics, education and organizational behavior studies, it highlights how AI reshapes job roles, skills, workplace dynamics and labor identities. The paper emphasizes that AI is not a neutral or inevitable force but a socio-technical system shaped by power, culture and policy. Key challenges include algorithmic management, digital exclusion, emotional labor and a lack of ethical opacity. To address these issues, the study advocates for policies that prioritize transparency, inclusivity and human agency through educational reform, robust labor protections and ethical AI governance. Furthermore, the paper underscores that social scientists should not remain mere observers of these processes but can act as active agents in shaping a fair and equitable integration of AI into work life. Developed within a conceptual framework, this study offers guidance for future research and policymaking, highlighting the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure that AI not only enhances efficiency but also promotes justice, well-being, and sustainability.

Özet

Bu çalışma, yapay zekânın (YZ) çalışma hayatı üzerindeki dönüştürücü etkilerini insan merkezli ve disiplinlerarası bir bakış açısıyla incelemektedir. Sosyoloji, etik, eğitim ve örgütsel davranış alanlarından yararlanarak, YZ’nin iş rolleri, beceriler, işyeri dinamikleri ve emek kimliklerini nasıl yeniden şekillendirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, YZ’nin tarafsız veya kaçınılmaz bir güç değil; aksine iktidar, kültür ve politika tarafından biçimlendirilen sosyo-teknik bir sistem olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, YZ dönüşümünde karşılaşılabilecek başlıca zorluklar arasında algoritmik yönetim, dijital dışlanma, duygusal emek ve etik şeffaflık eksikliği yer almaktadır. Bu sorunları aşmak adına ise çalışmada, eğitim reformu, güçlü iş gücü korumaları ve etik YZ yönetişimi aracılığıyla şeffaflık, kapsayıcılık ve insan iradesini önceleyen politikaların geliştirilmesi savunulmaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışmada sosyal bilimcilerin yalnızca gözlemci olarak bir rol oynamadığı, aynı zamanda adil bir YZ entegrasyonunu şekillendiren aktif aktörler olarak rol alabilecekleri sunulmaktadır. Kavramsal bir çerçevede hazırlanan bu çalışma, gelecekteki araştırmalar ve politikalar için bir çerçeve sunmakta; YZ’nin verimliliği artırırken aynı zamanda adalet, refah ve sürdürülebilirliği de teşvik etmesini sağlamak için disiplinlerarası iş birliğinin gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Kılıç, C. (2026). ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE FUTURE OF WORK: A HUMAN-CENTERED PERSPECTIVE FROM THE SOCIAL SCIENCES. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 35. https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1696733

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (114)

  1. Aghaziarati, S., & Darbani, S. (2023). Ai and the future of work: Adapting to change while ensuring social equity. Aitechbesosci, 1(2), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.aitech.1.2.1
  2. Aifan, H. (2021). Implementing a project-based collaborative learning approach using powerpoint to improve students’ 21st- century skills. E-Learning and Digital Media, 19(3), 258-273. https://doi.org/10.1177/20427530211030642
  3. Akter, M. (2024). Interdisciplinary insights: integrating artificial intelligence with environmental science for sustainable solutions. JAIGS, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.60087/jaigs.v1i1.28
  4. Alwi, S., Mukhlis, M., Siregar, Z., Iqbal, M., & Fithra, H. (2024). Community psychology and the acceptance of rohingya refugees in aceh: local identity, humanitarian needs, and islamic law. Hikmatuna Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies, 10(1), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.28918/hikmatuna.v10i1.6899
  5. Autor, D. H. (2015). Why are there still so many jobs? The history and future of workplace automation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.3.3
  6. Autor, D., Mindell, D., & Reynolds, E. (2020). The Work of the Future: Building Better Jobs in an Age of Intelligent Machines. MIT Work of the Future Initiative. https://workofthefuture.mit.edu/research-post/the-work-of-the-future-building-better-jobs-in-an-age-of-intelligent-machines/
  7. Baako, I. (2025). A bibliometric investigation of artificial intelligence in technical and vocational education training (ai-tvet): Trends and insights for a decade. Research Square (Preprint). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6431518/v1
  8. Bannon, L. J. (2011). Reimagining HCI: Toward a more human-centered perspective. Interactions, 18(4), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1145/1978822.1978833
  9. Barocas, S., & Selbst, A. D. (2016). Big data’s disparate impact. California Law Review, 104(3), 671–732. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2477899
  10. Bell, D. (1973). The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting. Basic Books. Benjamin, R. (2019). Race After Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code. Polity.
  11. Berg, J. (2016). Income security in the on-demand economy: Findings and policy lessons from a survey of crowdworkers. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal, 37(3), 543–576.
  12. Bokhari, S., & Myeong, S. (2023). The impact of ai applications on smart decision-making in smart cities as mediated by the internet of things and smart governance. Ieee Access, 11, 120827-120844. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3327174
  13. Bowen, D. (2021). A human experience (hx) perspective on emotional labor and service: building a service climate on a foundation of authenticity and justice. Journal of Service Management Research, 5(4), 229-240. https://doi.org/10.15358/2511-8676-2021-4-229
  14. Bradshaw, J., Bunch, L., Prietula, M., Queen, E., Uszok, A., & Venable, K. (2024). From bench to bedside: Implementing ai ethics as policies for ai trustworthiness. AAAI-SS, 4(1), 102-105. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v4i1.31778
  15. Braverman, H. (1974). Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century. Monthly Review Press.
  16. Brumberger, E., & Lauer, C. (2019). A day in the life: Personas of professional communicators at work. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 50(3), 308-335. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047281619868723
  17. Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W.W. Norton & Company.
  18. Buchanan, C., Howitt, M., Wilson, R., Booth, R., Risling, T., & Bamford, M. (2020). Predicted influences of artificial intelligence on the domains of nursing: Scoping review. Jmir Nursing, 3(1), e23939. https://doi.org/10.2196/23939
  19. Cao, J., & Song, Z. (2024). An incoming threat: the influence of automation potential on job insecurity. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 17(1), 116-135. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjba-07-2022-0328
  20. Chen, N., Li, Z., & Tang, B. (2022). Can digital skill protect against job displacement risk caused by artificial intelligence? Empirical evidence from 701 detailed occupations. Plos One, 17(11), e0277280. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277280
  21. Chui, M., Manyika, J., & Miremadi, M. (2016). Where machines could replace humans—and where they can’t (yet). McKinsey Quarterly. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/where-machines-could-replace-humans-and-where-they-cant-yet
  22. Costakis, H., Gruhlke, H., & Su, Y. (2020). Implications of emotional labor on work outcomes of service workers in not-for-profit human service organizations. Human Services Organizations Management Leadership & Governance, 45(1), 29-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2020.1818157
  23. Crawford, K. (2021). Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence. Yale University Press.
  24. Daugherty, P. R., & Wilson, H. J. (2018). Human + Machine: Reimagining Work in the Age of AI. Harvard Business Review Press.
  25. De Stefano, V. (2015). The rise of the “just-in-time workforce”: On-demand work, crowdwork, and labor protection in the gig economy. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal, 37(3), 471–504.
  26. De Stefano, V., & Wouters, M. (2020). AI and digital tools in workplace management and evaluation: In search of a human-centered approach. European Labour Law Journal, 11(1), 18–35.
  27. Dehing, A., Jochems, W., & Baartman, L. (2013). The development of engineering students professional identity during workplace learning in industry: A study in Dutch bachelor education. Engineering Education, 8(1), 42-64. https://doi.org/10.11120/ened.2013.00007
  28. Dennis, A., & Smith, G. (2015). Interactionism, symbolic. In: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 352-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.32079-7
  29. Ehsan, U., & Riedl, M. (2020). Human-centered explainable ai: Towards a reflective sociotechnical approach. Arxiv.org (preprint). https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2002.01092
  30. Eslit, E. (2023). The future is now: how colleges and universities can prepare students for the jobs of 2030 and beyond. Preprints.org (preprint). https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1288.v1
  31. Eubanks, V. (2018). Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor. St. Martin’s Press.
  32. Ferris, T., & Shepley, M. (2013). The design of neonatal incubators: A systems-oriented, human-centered approach. Journal of Perinatology, 33(S1), S24-S31. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2013.11
  33. Fourman, M. (2016). Measuring the broadband access divide. CTD '16: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. https://doi.org/10.1145/2909609.2909616
  34. Francis, D., & Weller, C. (2021). Economic inequality, the digital divide, and remote learning during covid-19. The Review of Black Political Economy, 49(1), 41-60. https://doi.org/10.1177/00346446211017797
  35. Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerization? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 254–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019
  36. Gabsi, A. E. H. (2024). Integrating artificial intelligence in industry 4.0: Insights, challenges, and future prospects-A literature review. Annals of Operations Research, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-024-06012-6
  37. Gini, A. (1998). Work, Identity and Self: How We Are Formed by the Work We Do. Journal of Business Ethics, 17(7), 707–714.
  38. Grandey, A., & Melloy, R. (2017). The state of the heart: emotional labor as emotion regulation reviewed and revised. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 407-422. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000067
  39. Grittner, A. (2023). Carefully curated/for heart and soul: Sensing place identity in sex workplaces. Sexes, 4(4), 473-492. https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes4040031
  40. Hall, A., Murray, P., Boring, R., & Agarwal, V. (2024). Human-centered and explainable artificial intelligence in nuclear operations. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 68(1), 1563-1568. https://doi.org/10.1177/10711813241276463
  41. Han, Y., Su, A., Xuli, Y., Lv, Y., & Jing, F. (2025). The mediating role of perceived overqualification in the relationship between emotional labor and mindfulness among nurses in china. Frontiers in Public Health, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1519192
  42. Hayles, N. K. (1999). How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. University of Chicago Press.
  43. He, W., Zhang, B., & Zhang, J. (2024). The impact of technology on the labor market: an analysis of the changing landscape, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2024), 498-504. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-408-2_56
  44. Heldal, F., Kongsvik, T., & Håland, E. (2019). Advancing the status of nursing: reconstructing professional nursing identity through patient safety work. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4222-y
  45. Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. University of California Press.
  46. Hsieh, C., & Guy, M. (2008). Performance outcomes. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 29(1), 41-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371x08326767
  47. Humphrey, R., Ashforth, B., & Diefendorff, J. (2015). The bright side of emotional labor. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(6), 749-769. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2019
  48. İzci, Y., & Kılıç, C. (2025). Exploring the impact of social climate on job satisfaction: A comprehensive analysis. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences/Uluslararasi Avrasya Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(59). https://doi.org/10.70736/ijoess.551
  49. Jaiswal, A., & Dyaram, L. (2019). Perceived diversity and employee well-being: mediating role of inclusion. Personnel Review, 49(5), 1121-1139. https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-12-2018-0511
  50. Jasanoff, S. (2004). States of Knowledge: The Co-production of Science and the Social Order. Routledge.
  51. Kang, D., Yang, J., Choi, W., Ham, S., Kang, S., & Lee, W. (2019). Anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance among customer-facing workers. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 34(48). https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e313
  52. Khamaisi, R., Prati, E., Peruzzini, M., Raffaeli, R., & Pellicciari, M. (2021). Ux in ar-supported industrial human–robot collaborative tasks: A systematic review. Applied Sciences, 11(21), 10448. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110448
  53. Kılıç, C. (2024). Sustainable human development and human resource management strategies in building sustainable cities. Kent Akademisi, 17(Sürdürülebilir İnsani Kalkınma ve Kent), 153-173. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1501835
  54. Kılıç, C., & Atilla, G. (2024). The changing nature of the workforce: A qualitative exploration across selected countries. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences/Uluslararasi Avrasya Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(56). https://doi.org/10.35826/ijoess.4449
  55. Kruml, S., & Geddes, D. (2000). Exploring the dimensions of emotional labor. Management Communication Quarterly, 14(1), 8-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318900141002
  56. Kulkov, I., Kulkova, J., Rohrbeck, R., Menvielle, L., Kaartemo, V., & Makkonen, H. (2023). Artificial intelligence ‐ driven sustainable development: Examining organizational, technical, and processing approaches to achieving global goals. Sustainable Development, 32(3), 2253-2267. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2773
  57. Lee, J., Hong, M., & Cho, J. (2024). Development of a content framework of artificial intelligence integrated education considering ethical factors. International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering and Information Technology, 14(1), 205-213. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.14.1.19558
  58. Lee, Y., Choi, H., & Lee, S. (2025). Development of personas and journey maps for artificial intelligence agents supporting the use of health big data: Human-centered design approach. Jmir Formative Research, 9, e67272. https://doi.org/10.2196/67272
  59. Levy, K. E. C. (2015). The contexts of control: Information, power, and truck-driving work. The Information Society, 31(2), 160–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2015.998105
  60. Liu, C. (2021). The effect of emotional labor on job engagement of university archivists: the mediating role of job burnout. International Journal of New Developments in Education, 3(5). https://doi.org/10.25236/ijnde.2021.030509
  61. Liu, Z., & Sang, G. (2024). Research on iot design strategies based on hcd in smart city development. Proceedings of the 5th Management Science Informatization and Economic Innovation Development Conference, MSIEID 2023. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.8-12-2023.2344472
  62. Mateescu, A., & Nguyen, A. (2019). Algorithmic management in the workplace. Data & Society Report. https://datasociety.net/library/algorithmic-management-in-the-workplace/
  63. Mazarakis, A., Bernhard-Skala, C., Braun, M., & Peters, I. (2023). What is critical for human-centered ai at work? – Toward an interdisciplinary theory. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1257057
  64. McKenzie, S., Burgess, A., & Mellis, C. (2020). A taste of real medicine: Third year medical students’ report experiences of early workplace encounters. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 11, 717-725. https://doi.org/10.2147/amep.s230946
  65. Melles, M., Albayrak, A., & Goossens, R. (2020). Innovating health care: key characteristics of human-centered design. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 33(Supplement_1), 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzaa127
  66. Mirbabaie, M., Brünker, F., Frick, N., & Stieglitz, S. (2021). The rise of artificial intelligence – Understanding the ai identity threat at the workplace. Electronic Markets, 32(1), 73-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-021-00496-x
  67. Moore, P. V. (2018). The Quantified Self in Precarity: Work, Technology and What Counts. Routledge.
  68. Moran, C. (2022). The ‘connected migrant’: A scoping review. Convergence the International Journal of Research Into New Media Technologies, 29(2), 288-307. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565221090480
  69. Morley, J., Floridi, L., Kinsey, L., & Elhalal, A. (2019). From what to how: An initial review of publicly available ai ethics tools, methods and research to translate principles into practices. Science and Engineering Ethics, 26(4), 2141-2168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-019-00165-5
  70. Nemitz, P. (2018). Constitutional democracy and technology in the age of artificial intelligence. Philosophy & Technology, 31, 505–540.
  71. Norman, D. A. (2013). The Design of Everyday Things (Revised and expanded edition). Basic Books.
  72. Nweke, G., & Nweke, O. (2024). Empowering the workforce in the ai era: lessons from the uk’s consultative approach for a global legal framework. Beijing Law Review, 15(01), 219-230. https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2024.151014
  73. Oviatt, S. (2006). Human-centered design meets cognitive load theory. MM '06: Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimedia, 871-880. https://doi.org/10.1145/1180639.1180831
  74. Pandey, J. (2018). Managing emotional labor for service employees: An hrm-based approach. Human Resource Management International Digest, 26(4), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1108/hrmid-04-2017-0072
  75. Patel, S., & Ragolane, M. (2024). The implementation of artificial intelligence in south african higher education institutions: Opportunities and challenges. Technium Education and Humanities, 9, 51-65. https://doi.org/10.47577/teh.v9i.11452
  76. Pisică, R. (2022). Digital divide and the opportunity dimension of economic inequality: the case of the republic of moldova. International Journal of Management Knowledge and Learning, 11. https://doi.org/10.53615/2232-5697.11.167-175
  77. Poquet, O., & Laat, M. (2021). Developing capabilities: Lifelong learning in the age of ai. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(4), 1695-1708. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13123
  78. Presbitero, A., & Teng‐Calleja, M. (2022). Job attitudes and career behaviors relating to employees' perceived incorporation of artificial intelligence in the workplace: A career self-management perspective. Personnel Review, 52(4), 1169-1187. https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-02-2021-0103
  79. Qiu, Y., He, N., Yan, C., & Rao, Q. (2023). Whether the digital divide widens the income gap between china’s regions?. Plos One, 18(2), e0273334. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273334
  80. Rafiq, K., & Hashim, H. (2018). Augmented reality game (arg), 21st century skills and esl classroom. Journal of Educational and Learning Studies, 1(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.32698/0232
  81. Ramos, M., & Ochoa, N. (2024). Identity networks as a new frontier: conceptualizing, mapping, and analyzing identity structures and their impact on well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725241292328
  82. Rony, M., Numan, S., Johra, F., Akter, K., Akter, F., Debnath, M., … & Parvin, M. (2024). Perceptions and attitudes of nurse practitioners toward artificial intelligence adoption in health care. Health Science Reports, 7(8). https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70006
  83. Rosenblat, A., & Stark, L. (2016). Algorithmic labor and information asymmetries: A case study of Uber’s drivers. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3758–3784.
  84. Roundy, P., & Bayer, M. (2023). Life after digital displacement: analog entrepreneurship and the revitalization of legacy technologies. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 26(1), 191-211. https://doi.org/10.1108/jrme-08-2022-0100
  85. Saraiva, L. (2024). Moral agency and responsibility in ai systems. International Journal of Philosophy, 3(1), 25-36. https://doi.org/10.47941/ijp.1867
  86. Schiff, D. (2021). Education for ai, not ai for education: the role of education and ethics in national ai policy strategies. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 32(3), 527-563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00270-2
  87. Sennett, R. (2008). The Craftsman. Yale University Press.
  88. Shneiderman, B. (2022). Human-centered ai. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845290.001.0001
  89. Siau, K., & Wang, W. (2020). Artificial intelligence (ai) ethics. Journal of Database Management, 31(2), 74-87. https://doi.org/10.4018/jdm.2020040105
  90. Sigfrids, A., Leikas, J., Salo-Pöntinen, H., & Koskimies, E. (2023). Human-centricity in ai governance: A systemic approach. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.976887
  91. Strangleman, T. (2012). Picturing work in an industrial landscape: visualising labour, place and space. Sociological Research Online, 17(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.2683
  92. Su, R., Golubovich, J., & Robbins, S. (2015). Bridging science and practice: Toward a standard, evidence-based framework of 21st century skills. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 8(2), 289-294. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2015.36
  93. Suchman, L. (2007). Human-Machine Reconfigurations: Plans and Situated Actions (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  94. Sullivan, M., Kelly, A., & McLaughlan, P. (2023). Chatgpt in higher education: Considerations for academic integrity and student learning. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 6(1).
  95. Sulphey, M. (2020). Can spirituality and long-term orientation relate to workplace identity? An examination using sem. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 41(9/10), 1038-1057. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-06-2020-0211
  96. Susskind, D. (2020). A World Without Work: Technology, Automation, and How We Should Respond. Metropolitan Books.
  97. Tabar, S., & Saberi, S. (2023). Beyond traditional pathways: Innovations in career counseling for the 21st century. KMAN Counsel and Psych Nexus, 1(1), 151-158. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.psychnexus.1.1.17
  98. Taheri, M. (2023). Shaping the future together: the inaugural vision for ai and tech in behavioral and social sciences. Aitechbesosci, 1(1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.aitech.1.1.1
  99. Talhouk, R., Montague, K., Garbett, A., Araújo‐Soares, V., Akik, C., Ghattas, H., … & Balaam, M. (2019). A call for embedding dignity in humanitarian technologies. C&T '19: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Communities & Technologies - Transforming Communities, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1145/3328320.3328373
  100. Tatum, A. (2018). Workplace climate and satisfaction in sexual minority populations: An application of social cognitive career theory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(5), 618-628. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000292
  101. Türkcan, B. (2025). Sürdürülebilir kalkinmada yapay zekanin rolü: Amaçlar için etkin politika formasyonu. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 34(Uygarlığın Dönüşümü-Sosyal Bilimlerin Bakışıyla Yapay Zekâ), 125-141.
  102. Twigt, M. (2018). The mediation of hope: digital technologies and affective affordances within iraqi refugee households in jordan. Social Media + Society, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118764426
  103. Ulaş, M. (2025). Akademisyenlerin yapay zekâ teknolojilerini kullanma motivasyonlari üzerine nitel bir araştırma. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 34(Uygarlığın Dönüşümü-Sosyal Bilimlerin Bakışıyla Yapay Zekâ), 142-159.
  104. van Wynsberghe, A. (2013). Designing robots for care: Care centered value-sensitive design. Science and Engineering Ethics, 19(2), 407–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-011-9343-6
  105. Villar, J., & Quirap, E. (2023). The mediating role of intercultural competence on the relationship between the 21st-century leadership skills and teachers' job satisfaction. International Journal of Research Publications, 136(1). https://doi.org/10.47119/ijrp10013611120235623
  106. Vlasceanu, M., Dudı́k, M., & Momennejad, I. (2021). Interdisciplinarity, gender diversity, and network structure predict the centrality of ai organizations. PsyArXiv Preprints. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/dp3ef
  107. Widayana, G. (2023). The influence of technical skills and 21st century skills on the job readiness of vocational students. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Vocational Education and Technology, IConVET 2022, 6 October 2022, Singaraja, Bali, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.6-10-2022.2327433
  108. Wirtz, B. W., Weyerer, J. C., & Sturm, B. J. (2020). The dark sides of artificial intelligence: An integrated AI governance framework for public administration. International Journal of Public Administration, 43(9), 818-829. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2020.1749851
  109. Woodward, R., & Jenkings, K. (2011). Military identities in the situated accounts of british military personnel. Sociology, 45(2), 252-268. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038510394016
  110. World Economic Forum. (2023). Future of Jobs Report 2023. https://www.weforum.org/reports/future-of-jobs-report-2023
  111. Yu, X., Xu, S., & Ashton, M. (2022). Antecedents and outcomes of artificial intelligence adoption and application in the workplace: The socio-technical system theory perspective. Information Technology and People, 36(1), 454-474. https://doi.org/10.1108/itp-04-2021-0254
  112. Zaber, M., Karoly, L., & Whipkey, K. (2019). Reimagining the workforce development and employment system for the 21st century and beyond. Research Report. https://doi.org/10.7249/rr2768
  113. Zoltowski, C., Oakes, W., & Cardella, M. (2012). Students' ways of experiencing human‐centered design. Journal of Engineering Education, 101(1), 28-59. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-9830.2012.tb00040.x
  114. Zuboff, S. (2019). The Age of Surveillance Capitalism. PublicAffairs.