If it is made suitable for hospital use, a hospital will have the opportunity to work with this generator for many years with a single production.
📌 3 Key Takeaways
🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:44Sc is a promising PET radionuclide because of its short half-life of approximately 4 hours and its ability to emit positrons.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In this work, a 44Ti/44Sc generator was designed to produce 44Sc.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:If it is made suitable for hospital use, a hospital will have the opportunity to work with this generator for many years with a single production.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:44Sc · 44Ti · 44Ti/44Sc generator
Abstract
44Sc is a promising PET radionuclide because of its short half-life of approximately 4 hours and its ability to emit positrons. In this work, a 44Ti/44Sc generator was designed to produce 44Sc. The separation and purification studies were optimized by using 46Sc as tracer. Hydroxamate and Dowex resins were used for separation process 46Sc from titanium. Briefly a 44Ti/44Sc generator system may be a source of 44Sc production in hospitals in future. If it is made suitable for hospital use, a hospital will have the opportunity to work with this generator for many years with a single production.
Bulduk, B. G., Yasakçı, V., Tutun, E., Aras, Ö., Ünak, P. (2022). INVESTIGATIONS OF 44Ti PRODUCTION FOR 44Ti/44Sc RADIONUCLIDE GENERATOR. Turkish Journal of Nuclear Sciences, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 30–39. https://ajindex.com/articles/1142552
Alliot, C., Kerdjoudj, R., Michel, N., Haddad, F., & Huclier-Markai, S. (2015). Cyclotron production of high purity 44m,44Sc with deuterons from 44CaCO3 targets. Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 42(6), 524–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.03.002
Ayranov, M., & Schumann, D. (2010). Preparation of 26Al, 59Ni, 44Ti, 53Mn and 60Fe from a proton irradiated copper beam dump. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 286(3), 649–654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-010-0732-0
Bartoś, B., Majkowska, A., Krajewski, S., & Bilewicz, A. (2012). New separation method of no-carrier-added 47 Sc from titanium targets. Radiochimica Acta, 100(7), 457–462. https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.2012.1938
Bulduk, B. G., Ünak, P., Yurt Kılçar, A., Kozguş Güldü, Ö., & Tekin, V. (2019). Analyzing of Production Conditions of 89Zr in the Particle Accelerator. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 40(2), 388–395. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.448616
Daraban, L., Adam Rebeles, R., Hermanne, A., Tarkanyi, F., & Takacs, S. (2009). Study of the excitation functions for 43K, 43,44,44mSc and 44Ti by proton irradiation on 45Sc up to 37MeV. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 267(5), 755–759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2009.01.010
Ferreira, C. L., Yapp, D. T. T., Mandel, D., Gill, R. K., Boros, E., Wong, M. Q., … Kiefer, G. E. (2012). 68 Ga Small Peptide Imaging: Comparison of NOTA and PCTA. Bioconjugate Chemistry, 23(11), 2239–2246. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc300348d
Filosofov, D. V., Loktionova, N. S., & Rösch, F. (2010). A 44Ti/44Sc radionuclide generator for potential application of 44Sc-based PET-radiopharmaceuticals. Radiochimica Acta, 98(3). https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.2010.1701
Gagnon, K., Severin, G. W., Barnhart, T. E., Engle, J. W., Valdovinos, H. F., & Nickles, R. J. (2012). 45Ti extraction using hydroxamate resin. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1509(December), 211–214. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4773970
Hoehr, C., Oehlke, E., Benard, F., Lee, C. J., Hou, X., Badesso, B., … Schaffer, P. (2014). 44gSc production using a water target on a 13MeV cyclotron. Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 41(5), 401–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.12.016
Jokerst, J. V., & Gambhir, S. S. (2011). Molecular Imaging with Theranostic Nanoparticles. Accounts of Chemical Research, 44(10), 1050–1060. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar200106e
Kerdjoudj, R., Pniok, M., Alliot, C., Kubíček, V., Havlíčková, J., Rösch, F., … Huclier-Markai, S. (2016b). Scandium(III) complexes of monophosphorus acid DOTA analogues: A thermodynamic and radiolabelling study with 44Sc from cyclotron and from a 44Ti/44Sc generator. Dalton Transactions, 45(4), 1398–1409 https://doi.org/10.1039/c5dt04084a
Lange, R., D’Auria, J., Giesen, U., Vincent, J., & Ruth, T. (1999). Preparation of a radioactive target. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 423(2–3), 247–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01289-3
Lee, E.J., Kong, Y.B., Hur, M. G. (2016). Test production of Ti-44 using RFT-30 cyclotron. Cyclotrons2016, 108–109
Pruszyński, M., Loktionova, N. S., Filosofov, D. V., & Rösch, F. (2010). Post-elution processing of 44Ti/44Sc generator-derived 44Sc for clinical application. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 68(9), 1636–1641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.04.003
Radchenko, V., Meyer, C. A. L., Engle, J. W., Naranjo, C. M., Unc, G. A., Mastren, T., … Fassbender, M. E. (2016). Separation of 44Ti from proton irradiated scandium by using solid-phase extraction chromatography and design of 44Ti/44Sc generator system. Journal of Chromatography A, 1477, 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.047
Radchenko, Valery, Engle, J. W., Medvedev, D. G., Maassen, J. M., Naranjo, C. M., Unc, G. A., … Fassbender, M. E. (2017). Proton-induced production and radiochemical isolation of 44Ti from scandium metal targets for 44Ti/44Sc generator development. Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 50, 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.03.006
Roesch, F. (2012). Scandium-44: Benefits of a Long-Lived PET Radionuclide Available from the 44Ti/44Sc Generator System. Current Radiopharmaceuticals, 5(3), 187–201. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471011205030187
Sadeghi, M., Enferadi, M., & Nadi, H. (2011). 45Ti, a candidate for positron emission tomography: Study of the cyclotron production. Radiochemistry, 53(4), 411–414. https://doi.org/10.1134/S106636221104014X
Severin, G. W., Engle, J. W., Valdovinos, H. F., Barnhart, T. E., & Nickles, R. J. (2012). Cyclotron produced 44gSc from natural calcium. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 70(8), 1526–1530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.04.030
Szkliniarz, K., Sitarz, M., Walczak, R., Jastrzębski, J., Bilewicz, A., Choiński, J., … Zipper, W. (2016). Production of medical Sc radioisotopes with an alpha particle beam. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 118, 182–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.07.001
Tárkányi, F. T., Ignatyuk, A. V., Hermanne, A., Capote, R., Carlson, B. V., Engle, J. W., … Verpelli, M. (2019). Recommended nuclear data for medical radioisotope production: diagnostic gamma emitters. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 319(2), 487–531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-018-6142-4
Walczak, R., Krajewski, S., Szkliniarz, K., Sitarz, M., Abbas, K., Choiński, J., … Bilewicz, A. (2015). Cyclotron production of 43Sc for PET imaging. EJNMMI Physics, 2(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-015-0136-x
Wittwer, D., Dressler, R., Eichler, R., Gäggeler, H. W., Piguet, D., Serov, A., … Vögele, A. (2011). The thermal release of scandium from titanium metal – a simple way to produce pure 44 Sc for PET application. Radiochimica Acta, 99(3), 193–196. https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.2011.1832
Yug, A., Novgorodov, A. F., Skripnik, A. V., D.V., F., Skripnik, A. V., Kaplun, V. G., … Rösch, F. (2005). 44Ti: Investigation of target preparation, irradiation and yields in the 45 Sc ( p, 2n ) process. In: Annual Report. Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Mainz (2005), 1993.
Yug, A., Novgorodov, A. F., Skripnik, A. V., D.V., F., Skripnik, A. V., Kaplun, V. G., … Rösch, F. (2005). 44Ti: Investigation of target preparation, irradiation and yields in the 45 Sc ( p, 2n ) process. In: Annual Report. Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Mainz (2005), 1993.