Journals / Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 74

UNIFIED PARADIGM OF INDUSTRY 5.0, CITY 5.0 AND AGRICULTURE 5.0 FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

ÇEVRE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİĞİ İÇİN ENDÜSTRİ 5.0, ŞEHİR 5.0 VE TARIM 5.0 BİRLEŞİK PARADİGMASI

İsmail Yoşumaz(KÜTAHYA DUMLUPINAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ, KÜTAHYA SOSYAL BİLİMLER MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU)0000-0002-2287-4994
Pages
216–236
Publication Date
2026-05-04
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Based on the findings, the study discusses how the ICA 5.0 model can be structured and what contributions it may offer in the context of environmental sustainability.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study adopts a holistic perspective to examine the approaches of Industry 5.0, City 5.0, and Agriculture 5.0, which hold potential for contributing to environmental sustainability goals, and aims to propose the AI-supported ICA 5.0 model as an integrated framework for these three domains.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In this context, the study seeks to answer the research question: "How can the paradigms of Industry 5.0, Agriculture 5.0, and City 5.0 be structured within a holistic model to support environmental sustainability goals?" Within the proposed ICA 5.0 model, it is demonstrated that all three domains are structured on the basis of transferring data from physical environments to digital platforms via sensors and analyzing these data using AI-driven techniques.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Based on the findings, the study discusses how the ICA 5.0 model can be structured and what contributions it may offer in the context of environmental sustainability.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2021 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Dijital dönüşüm · Endüstri 5.0 · Tarım 5.0

Abstract

This study adopts a holistic perspective to examine the approaches of Industry 5.0, City 5.0, and Agriculture 5.0, which hold potential for contributing to environmental sustainability goals, and aims to propose the AI-supported ICA 5.0 model as an integrated framework for these three domains. In this context, the study seeks to answer the research question: "How can the paradigms of Industry 5.0, Agriculture 5.0, and City 5.0 be structured within a holistic model to support environmental sustainability goals?" Within the proposed ICA 5.0 model, it is demonstrated that all three domains are structured on the basis of transferring data from physical environments to digital platforms via sensors and analyzing these data using AI-driven techniques. At the core of the model, it is proposed that data obtained through this process be analyzed within a centralized public cloud infrastructure alongside strategies developed by policymakers, through an interdisciplinary approach that supports the formulation of environmentally conscious policies. In addition, the use of blockchain technology in the data collection infrastructure is emphasized to ensure data security and transparency. The study employs qualitative research methods, combining document analysis, descriptive content analysis and case study method. The ICA 5.0 model has been exemplified through a case study focused on Türkiye. The sample of the study consists of 49 research articles published between 01.01.2021 and 31.12.2024 in the Scopus database that are relevant to the research topic. Based on the findings, the study discusses how the ICA 5.0 model can be structured and what contributions it may offer in the context of environmental sustainability.

Özet

Bu çalışma, çevresel sürdürülebilirlik hedeflerine katkı sunma potansiyeli taşıyan Endüstri 5.0, Şehir 5.0 ve Tarım 5.0 yaklaşımlarını bütüncül bir perspektiften ele almakta ve bu üç alanı entegre edebilecek yapay zekâ destekli bir çerçeve olarak ICA 5.0 modelini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, "Endüstri 5.0, Tarım 5.0 ve Şehir 5.0 paradigmaları çevresel sürdürülebilirlik hedeflerini desteklemek üzere bütüncül bir model kapsamında nasıl yapılandırılabilir?" sorusuna yanıt aranmaktadır. Önerilen ICA 5.0 modeli kapsamında, her üç alanın da fiziksel ortamlardan elde edilen verilerin sensörler aracılığıyla dijital ortama aktarılması ve bu verilerin yapay zekâ temelli analizine dayalı olarak yapılandığı ortaya konulmuştur. Modelin merkezinde, çevre odaklı politika geliştirme süreçlerini desteklemek üzere, disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımla elde edilen verilerin politika yapıcılar tarafından üretilen stratejilerle birlikte merkezi bir kamu bulutu altyapısında analiz edilmesi önerilmektedir. Ayrıca, veri güvenliği ve şeffaflığın sağlanması amacıyla veri toplama altyapısında blockchain teknolojisinin kullanımına vurgu yapılmıştır. Araştırmada nitel yöntemlerden doküman analizi, betimleyici içerik analizi ve örnek olay metodu birlikte kullanılmıştır. Örnek olay kapsamında ICA 5.0 modeli Türkiye örneği sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın örneklemini, 01.01.2021-31.12.2024 tarihleri arasında Scopus veri tabanında yayımlanmış ve araştırma konusuyla ilişkili 49 araştırma makalesi oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda ICA 5.0 modelinin nasıl yapılandırılabileceği ve bu modelin çevresel sürdürülebilirlik bağlamında sağlayabileceği katkılar tartışılmıştır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Yoşumaz, İ. (2026). UNIFIED PARADIGM OF INDUSTRY 5.0, CITY 5.0 AND AGRICULTURE 5.0 FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Sayı: 74, 216–236. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1595210

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (65)

  1. Abd Al Ghaffar, H. t. A. N. (2024). Government Cloud Computing and National Security. Review of Economics and Political Science, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-09-2019-0125
  2. Adriaensen, A., Pintelon, L., Costantino, F., Di Gravio, G., & Patriarca, R. (2023). Systems-theoretic interdependence analysis in robot-assisted warehouse management. Safety Science, 168. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SSCI.2023.106294
  3. Asif, M., Searcy, C., & Castka, P. (2023). ESG and Industry 5.0: The role of technologies in enhancing ESG disclosure. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 195. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2023.122806
  4. Asmara Dewi, W. W., Avicenna, F., & Meideline, M. M. (2020). Purchase Intention of Green Products Following an Environmentally Friendly Marketing Campaign: Results of a Survey of Instagram Followers of InnisfreeIndonesia. Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research, 8(2), 160–177. https://doi.org/10.15206/ajpor.2020.8.2.160
  5. Avsec, S., Jagiełło-Kowalczyk, M., Żabicka, A., Gil-Mastalerczyk, J., & Gawlak, A. (2024). Human-Centered Systems Thinking in Technology-Enhanced Sustainable and Inclusive Architectural Design. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(22), 1–45. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU16229802/S1
  6. Bairagi, K., Golam Rabiul Alam, M., Ndikumana, A., Shirajum Munir, M., Redchuk, A., Walas Mateo, F., Pascal, G., & Eloy Tornillo, J. (2023). Adoption Case of IIoT and Machine Learning to Improve Energy Consumption at a Process Manufacturing Firm, under Industry 5.0 Model. Big Data and Cognitive Computing 2023, Vol. 7, Page 42, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/BDCC7010042
  7. Becker, J., Chasin, F., Rosemann, M., Beverungen, D., Priefer, J., Brocke, J. vom, Matzner, M., del Rio Ortega, A., Resinas, M., Santoro, F., Song, M., Park, K., & Di Ciccio, C. (2023). City 5.0: Citizen involvement in the design of future cities. Electronic Markets, 33(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12525-023-00621-Y/TABLES/6
  8. Breque, M., De Nul, L., & Petridis, A. (2021). Industry 5.0 Towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry. https://doi.org/10.2777/308407
  9. Caiazzo, B., Murino, T., Petrillo, A., Piccirillo, G., & Santini, S. (2023). An IoT-based and cloud-assisted AI-driven monitoring platform for smart manufacturing: design architecture and experimental validation. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 34(4), 507–534. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-02-2022-0092/FULL/PDF
  10. Carolina Dall, A., Ferreira, A., Lenyra Meirelles Campos Titotto, S., & Cristina Santos Akkari, A. (2022). City Agriculture 5.0: An Exploratory Approach to the Food System in a Super Smart Society. International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences, 7(4), 455–475. https://doi.org/10.33889/IJMEMS.2022.7.4.030
  11. Catala-Roman, P., Segura-Garcia, J., Dura, E., Navarro-Camba, E. A., Alcaraz-Calero, J. M., & Garcia-Pineda, M. (2024). AI-based autonomous UAV swarm system for weed detection and treatment: Enhancing organic orange orchard efficiency with agriculture 5.0. Internet of Things, 28, 101418. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IOT.2024.101418
  12. Chabane, B., Komljenovic, D., & Abdul-Nour, G. (2023). Converging on human-centred industry, resilient processes, and sustainable outcomes in asset management frameworks. Environment Systems and Decisions, 43(4), 663–679. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10669-023-09943-W/FIGURES/5
  13. Chivilò, M., & Meneghetti, A. (2023). An Industry 5.0 Perspective on Feeding Production Lines. Sustainability 2023, Vol. 15, Page 16088, 15(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU152216088
  14. Corallo, A., Latino, M. E., Menegoli, M., & Signore, F. (2024). Digital Technologies for Sustainable Development of Agri-Food: Implementation Guidelines Toward Industry 5.0. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 71, 10699–10715. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2024.3403251
  15. Das, A., Debnath, B., Sengupta, A., Das, A., & De, D. (2024). Sustainability analysis of FarmFox IoT device towards Agriculture 5.0. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10668-024-05356-0/FIGURES/7
  16. De Nunzio, G., & Rizzo, R. (2024). Artificial Intelligence and Biodiversity. SCIentific RESearch and Information Technology, 14, 53–70. https://doi.org/10.2423/I22394303V14SP53
  17. Ferreira, L., Oliveira, T., & Neves, C. (2023). Consumer’s intention to use and recommend smart home technologies: The role of environmental awareness. Energy, 263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.125814
  18. Goh, K. C., Kurniawan, T. A., Zainordin, N., Arifah, I. D. C., Abas, M. A., Masrom, M. A. N., Mohamed, S., Omar, R., Khoo, S. L., Gui, H. C., Toh, T. C., & Onn, C. W. (2024). Expediting decarbonization in energy, waste, and water sector through digitalization in sustainable smart cities (SSC): Case-studies in Malaysia and China based on Industry 5.0 paradigm. Sustainable Cities and Society, 117, 105969. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCS.2024.105969
  19. Guo, L., Sun, D., Warraich, M. A., & Waheed, A. (2023). Does industry 5.0 model optimize sustainable performance of Agri-enterprises? Real-time investigation from the realm of stakeholder theory and domain. Sustainable Development, 31(4), 2507–2516. https://doi.org/10.1002/SD.2527
  20. Haloui, D., Oufaska, K., Oudani, M., & El Yassini, K. (2024). Bridging Industry 5.0 and Agriculture 5.0: Historical Perspectives, Opportunities, and Future Perspectives. Sustainability 2024, Vol. 16, Page 3507, 16(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU16093507
  21. Hazra, A., Munusamy, A., Adhikari, M., Awasthi, L. K., & Venu, P. (2024). 6G-Enabled Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication for Industry 5.0: Challenges and Future Directions. IEEE Communications Standards Magazine, 8(2), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOMSTD.0004.2300029
  22. Hazrat, M. A., Hassan, N. M. S., Chowdhury, A. A., Rasul, M. G., & Taylor, B. A. (2023). Developing a Skilled Workforce for Future Industry Demand: The Potential of Digital Twin-Based Teaching and Learning Practices in Engineering Education. Sustainability 2023, Vol. 15, Page 16433, 15(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU152316433
  23. Holzinger, A., Schweier, J., Gollob, C., Nothdurft, A., Hasenauer, H., Kirisits, T., Häggström, C., Visser, R., Cavalli, R., Spinelli, R., & Stampfer, K. (2024). From Industry 5.0 to Forestry 5.0: Bridging the gap with Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. Current Forestry Reports 2024 10:6, 10(6), 442–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40725-024-00231-7
  24. Hsu, C.-H.;, Li, Z.-H.;, Zhuo, H.-J.;, Zhang, T.-Y., Hsu, C.-H., Li, Z.-H., Zhuo, H.-J., & Zhang, T.-Y. (2024). Enabling Industry 5.0-Driven Circular Economy Transformation: A Strategic Roadmap. Sustainability 2024, Vol. 16, Page 9954, 16(22), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU16229954
  25. Ivanov, D. (2023). The Industry 5.0 framework: viability-based integration of the resilience, sustainability, and human-centricity perspectives. International Journal of Production Research, 61(5), 1683–1695. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2022.2118892
  26. Ivanov, D., Dolgui, A., & Sokolov, B. (2022). Cloud supply chain: Integrating Industry 4.0 and digital platforms in the “Supply Chain-as-a-Service.” Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 160. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRE.2022.102676
  27. Jarrahi, M. H., Lutz, C., & Newlands, G. (2022). Artificial intelligence, human intelligence and hybrid intelligence based on mutual augmentation. In Big Data and Society (Vol. 9, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517221142824
  28. Javed, S., Tripathy, A., Deventer, J. van, Mokayed, H., Paniagua, C., & Delsing, J. (2023). An approach towards demand response optimization at the edge in smart energy systems using local clouds. Smart Energy, 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SEGY.2023.100123
  29. Kasinathan, P., Pugazhendhi, R., Elavarasan, R. M., Ramachandaramurthy, V. K., Ramanathan, V., Subramanian, S., Kumar, S., Nandhagopal, K., Raghavan, R. R. V., Rangasamy, S., Devendiran, R., & Alsharif, M. H. (2022). Realization of Sustainable Development Goals with Disruptive Technologies by Integrating Industry 5.0, Society 5.0, Smart Cities and Villages. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 14, Issue 22). https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215258
  30. Lata, M., Gupta, A., & Kumar, V. (2024). Smart cities and environmental sustainability: Industry 5.0 applications. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 23(4), 393–407. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGENVI.2024.144451
  31. Leng, J., Sha, W., Lin, Z., Jing, J., Liu, Q., & Chen, X. (2023). Blockchained smart contract pyramid-driven multi-agent autonomous process control for resilient individualised manufacturing towards Industry 5.0. International Journal of Production Research, 61(13), 4302–4321. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2022.2089929
  32. Li, X., Liu, H., Wang, W., Zheng, Y., Lv, H., & Lv, Z. (2022). Big data analysis of the Internet of Things in the digital twins of smart city based on deep learning. Future Generation Computer Systems, 128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2021.10.006
  33. Liu, Z., & Zeng, X. (2021). Hybrid Intelligence in Big Data Environment: Concepts, Architectures, and Applications of Intelligent Service. Data and Information Management, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.2478/dim-2020-0051
  34. Lu, Y., Khan, Z. A., Alvarez-Alvarado, M. S., Zhang, Y., Huang, Z., & Imran, M. (2020). A critical review of sustainable energy policies for the promotion of renewable energy sources. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 12, Issue 12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125078
  35. Lundström, C., & Lindblom, J. (2021). Care in dairy farming with automatic milking systems, identified using an Activity Theory lens. Journal of Rural Studies, 87, 386–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRURSTUD.2021.09.006
  36. Lv, Y. (2023). Transitioning to sustainable energy: opportunities, challenges, and the potential of blockchain technology. Frontiers in Energy Research, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1258044
  37. Magni, D., Del Gaudio, G., Papa, A., & Della Corte, V. (2024). Digital humanism and artificial intelligence: the role of emotions beyond the human–machine interaction in Society 5.0. Journal of Management History, 30(2), 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMH-12-2022-0084/FULL/XML
  38. Margherita, E. G., & Braccini, A. M. (2021). Managing industry 4.0 automation for fair ethical business development: A single case study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 172. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2021.121048
  39. Martini, B., Bellisario, D., & Coletti, P. (2024). Human-Centered and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence in Industry 5.0: Challenges and Perspectives. Sustainability 2024, Vol. 16, Page 5448, 16(13), 5448. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU16135448
  40. Martos, V., Ahmad, A., Cartujo, P., & Ordoñez, J. (2021). Ensuring agricultural sustainability through remote sensing in the era of agriculture 5.0. In Applied Sciences (Switzerland) (Vol. 11, Issue 13). https://doi.org/10.3390/app11135911
  41. Masoomi, B., Sahebi, I. G., Ghobakhloo, M., & Mosayebi, A. (2023). Do industry 5.0 advantages address the sustainable development challenges of the renewable energy supply chain? Sustainable Production and Consumption, 43, 94–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SPC.2023.10.018
  42. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis (2nd ed., Vol. 1). Sage. https://vivauniversity.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/milesandhuberman1994.pdf
  43. ORAN, I. B., & CEZAYIRLIOGLU, H. R. (2021). AI- Robotic Applications in Logistics Industry and Savings Calculation. Journal of Organizational Behavior Research, 6, 148–165. https://doi.org/10.51847/JUXQMVCVQF Osello, A., Del Giudice, M., Donato, A. J., & Fratto, A. (2024). Towards Climate Neutrality – The key role of the Digital Twin in Industry 5.0. AGATHÓN | International Journal of Architecture, Art and Design, 15, 276–285. https://doi.org/10.19229/2464-9309/15222024
  44. Polymeni, S., Plastras, S., Skoutas, D. N., Kormentzas, G., & Skianis, C. (2023). The Impact of 6G-IoT Technologies on the Development of Agriculture 5.0: A Review. In Electronics (Switzerland) (Vol. 12, Issue 12). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122651
  45. Ragazou, K., Garefalakis, A., Zafeiriou, E., & Passas, I. (2022). Agriculture 5.0: A New Strategic Management Mode for a Cut Cost and an Energy Efficient Agriculture Sector. Energies, 15(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093113
  46. Rastogi, R. (2023). Examining Rental House Data With MRL Analysis: An Empirical Approach for Future Perspective of E-Business for Smart Cities and Industry 5.0. International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCBPL.333474
  47. Rupa, Ch., Midhunchakkaravarthy, D., Hasan, M. K., Alhumyani, H., Saeed, R. A., Rupa, Ch., Midhunchakkaravarthy, D., Hasan, M. K., Alhumyani, H., & Saeed, R. A. (2021). Industry 5.0: Ethereum blockchain technology based DApp smart contract. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 2021 5:7010, 18(5), 7010–7027. https://doi.org/10.3934/MBE.2021349
  48. San Emeterio de la Parte, M., Martínez-Ortega, J. F., Castillejo, P., & Lucas-Martínez, N. (2024). Spatio-temporal semantic data management systems for IoT in agriculture 5.0: Challenges and future directions. In Internet of Things (Netherlands) (Vol. 25). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2023.101030 Sarkar, B. D., Shardeo, V., Dwivedi, A., & Pamucar, D. (2024). Digital transition from industry 4.0 to industry 5.0 in smart manufacturing: A framework for sustainable future. Technology in Society, 78. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHSOC.2024.102649
  49. Satyro, W. C., Contador, J. C., Gomes, J. A., Monken, S. F. de P., Barbosa, A. P., Bizarrias, F. S., Contador, J. L., Silva, L. S., & Prado, R. G. (2024). Technology-Organization-External-Sustainability (TOES) Framework for Technology Adoption: Critical Analysis of Models for Industry 4.0 Implementation Projects. Sustainability, 16(24), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU162411064
  50. Shahzadi, S., Iqbal, M., & Chaudhry, N. R. (2021). 6G Vision: Toward Future Collaborative Cognitive Communication (3C) Systems. IEEE Communications Standards Magazine, 5(2), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOMSTD.001.2000044
  51. Sheik, A. G., Kumar, A., Ansari, F. A., Raj, V., Peleato, N. M., Patan, A. K., Kumari, S., & Bux, F. (2024). Reinvigorating algal cultivation for biomass production with digital twin technology- a smart sustainable infrastructure. Algal Research, 84, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ALGAL.2024.103779 Singh, J., Ahuja, I. S., Singh, H., & Singh, A. (2023). Application of Quality 4.0 (Q4.0) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in Agricultural Manufacturing Industry. AgriEngineering, 5(1), 537–565. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRIENGINEERING5010035
  52. Taj, I., & Jhanjhi, N. Z. (2022). Towards Industrial Revolution 5.0 and Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Opportunities. International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems, 12(1), 285–310. https://doi.org/10.12785/ijcds/120124
  53. Talla, A., & McIlwaine, S. (2024). Industry 4.0 and the circular economy: using design-stage digital technology to reduce construction waste. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-03-2022-0050
  54. Taverner, C., Trojan, L., Simion, O., & Szkudlarek3, E. (2021). Design Culture in the Era of Industry 5.0: A Review of Skills and Needs. Cultural Management: Science and Education, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.30819/cmse.5-1.03
  55. Tombe, R., & Smuts, H. (2023). Society 5.0-Inspired Digitalization Framework for Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture. EPiC Series in Computing, 93. https://doi.org/10.29007/xc5q
  56. Várallyai, L., Botos, S., Bálint, L. P., Kovács, T., & Szilágyi, R. (2024). Agricultural and business digitalisation degree in achieving sustainable development goals. International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Management and Informatics, 10(3), 327–345. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSAMI.2024.139725
  57. Vargas-Canales, J. M., Brambila-Paz, J. de J., Pérez-Cerecedo, V., Rojas-Rojas, M. M., López-Reyna, M. del C., & Omaña-Silvestre, J. M. (2022). Trends in science, technology, and innovation in the agri-food sector. Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/25729861.2022.2115829
  58. Varol, M., & Tokatlı, C. (2022). Seasonal variations of toxic metal(loid)s in groundwater collected from an intensive agricultural area in northwestern Turkey and associated health risk assessment. Environmental Research, 204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111922
  59. Victor, N., Maddikunta, P. K. R., Mary, D. R. K., Murugan, R., Chengoden, R., Gadekallu, T. R., Rakesh, N., Zhu, Y., & Paek, J. (2024). Remote Sensing for Agriculture in the Era of Industry 5.0-A Survey. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 17, 5920–5945. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3370508
  60. Wang, Z. J., Chen, Z. S., Xiao, L., Su, Q., Govindan, K., & Skibniewski, M. J. (2023). Blockchain adoption in sustainable supply chains for Industry 5.0: A multistakeholder perspective. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JIK.2023.100425
  61. Williamson, S. M., & Prybutok, V. (2024). Integrating human-centric automation and sustainability through the NAToRM framework: A neuromorphic computing approach for resilient industry 5.0 supply chains. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 4(2), 100278. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JJIMEI.2024.100278
  62. Yoşumaz, İ., & Uzun, H. (2024). The relationship between industry 5.0 Process and ESG process: A qualitative analysis in the context of Türkiye’s BIST Sustainability 25 Index white good sector. Environmental Research and Technology, 7(4), 512–529. https://doi.org/10.35208/ERT.1431800
  63. Zhang, Y. (2024). A path to sustainable development of agri-industries: Analysis of agriculture 5.0 versus industry 5.0 using stakeholder theory with moderation of environmental policy. Sustainable Development, 32(5), 4829–4843. https://doi.org/10.1002/SD.2923
  64. Zhang, Y., & Li, Y. (2023). Society 5.0 versus Industry 5.0: An examination of industrialization models in driving sustainable development from a normative stakeholder theory perspective. Sustainable Development, 31(5), 3786–3795. https://doi.org/10.1002/SD.2625
  65. Hsu, C.-H.;, Li, Z.-H.;, Zhuo, H.-J.;, Zhang, T.-Y., Hsu, C.-H., Li, Z.-H., Zhuo, H.-J., & Zhang, T.-Y. (2024). Enabling Industry 5.0-Driven Circular Economy Transformation: A Strategic Roadmap. Sustainability 2024, Vol. 16, Page 9954, 16(22), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU16229954