SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Antropoloji / 2023 / Sayı: 47

The outline of tourism anthropology

Turizm antropolojisinin ana hatları

Nurgül Çalışkan(NEVŞEHİR HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-4350-2396
Zeynep Çokal(NEVŞEHİR HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-5729-3228
Yener Bektaş(NEVŞEHİR HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-4423-1519
Pages
26–38
Publication Date
2023-12-31
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Thus, an attempt has been made to outline a general framework for tourism anthropology.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:In an increasingly globalized world, the fact that tourism as a stage for encounters between cultures and/or subcultures brings tourism and anthropology together in pragmatic ways.
📊
Key Findings & Data:However, it is noteworthy that the connections between tourism and anthropology are not sufficiently established in the national literature.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Thus, an attempt has been made to outline a general framework for tourism anthropology.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Turizm · Antropoloji · Kültürleşme

Abstract

In an increasingly globalized world, the fact that tourism as a stage for encounters between cultures and/or subcultures brings tourism and anthropology together in pragmatic ways. However, it is noteworthy that the connections between tourism and anthropology are not sufficiently established in the national literature. As a response to this gap in the literature, this study aims to review the major turning points in the discourse and the changing nature of tourism anthropology since its inception. In this context, the study primarily examines the relationship between tourism and anthropology and discusses how tourism anthropology gained legitimacy as a sub-discipline. Subsequently, the questions anthropologists ask about tourism, focusing on “guests” and “hosts”, are divided into two main themes (the nature of tourism and its impacts) and a summary of the topics discussed under these themes is presented. Thus, an attempt has been made to outline a general framework for tourism anthropology.

Özet

Giderek küreselleşen dünyada turizmin kültürler ve/veya alt kültürler arasında bir karşılaşmaya sahne olması, turizm ve antropolojiyi pragmatik yollarla bir araya getirmektedir. Buna karşın, ulusal literatürde turizm ve antropoloji arasındaki bağlantıların yeterince kurulmadığı dikkat çekmektedir. Literatürdeki eksikliğe bir yanıt olarak bu çalışma ile turizm antropolojisinin doğuşundan bu yana söylemindeki önemli dönüm noktalarının ve değişen doğasının gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede, çalışmada öncelikle turizm ve antropoloji arasındaki ilişki irdelenmiş ve turizm antropolojisinin bir alt disiplin olarak nasıl meşruiyet kazandığı tartışılmıştır. Ardından, antropologların “misafirler” ve “ev sahiplerine” odaklanarak turizme yönelik sordukları sorular iki ana temaya (turizmin doğası ve etkileri) ayrılmış ve bu temalar altında tartışılan konuların bir özeti sunulmuştur. Böylece turizm antropolojisine ilişkin genel bir çerçeve çizilmeye çalışılmıştır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Çalışkan, N., Çokal, Z., Bektaş, Y. (2023). The outline of tourism anthropology. Antropoloji, Sayı: 47, 26–38. https://doi.org/10.33613/antropolojidergisi.1398776

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (103)

  1. Aramberri, J. (2001). The host should get lost: Paradigms in the tourism theory. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(3), 738-761. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(00)00075-X
  2. Aspelin, P. L. (1977). The anthropological analysis of tourism: Indirect tourism and political economy in the case of the Mamainde of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Annals of Tourism Research, 4(3), 135-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(77)90005-6
  3. Badone, E., ve Roseman, S.R. (Ed.) (2004). Intersecting journeys: The anthropology of pilgrimage and tourism. University of Illinois Press.
  4. Beals, R. L., ve Hoijer, H. (1991). Antropolojinin konusu ve alanı. G. Erginer (çev.), Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(2), 9-34. https://doi.org/10.1501/Dtcfder_0000001124
  5. Berno, T., ve Ward, C. (2005). Innocence abroad: A pocket guide to psychological research on tourism. American Psychologist, 60(6), 593. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0003-066X.60.6.593
  6. Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(6), 697-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013
  7. Berry, J. W. (2006). Contexts of acculturation. D. L. Sam ve J. W. Berry (Ed.) içinde, The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology içinde (s. 27-42). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511489891.006
  8. Berry, J. W. (2009). A critique of critical acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33(5), 361-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.06.003
  9. Bispo, M. S. (2016). Tourism as practice. Annals of Tourism Research, 61, 170-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.10.009
  10. Boissevain, J. (1979). The impact of tourism on a dependent island: Gozo, Malta. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(1), 76-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(79)90096-3
  11. Boissevain, J. (1996). Introduction. J. Boissevain (Ed.) içinde, Coping with tourists: European reactions to mass tourism (s. 1-26). Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv287sc2h.4
  12. Boorstin, D. J. (1961). The image: A guide to pseudo-events in America. Harper & Row.
  13. Bourhis, R. Y., Moise, L. C., Perreault, S., ve Senecal, S. (1997). Towards an interactive acculturation model: A social psychological approach. International Journal of Psychology, 32(6), 369-386. https://doi.org/10.1080/002075997400629
  14. Britton, S. G. (1982). The political economy of tourism in the Third World. Annals of Tourism Research, 9(3), 331-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(82)90018-4
  15. Bruner, E. M. (1991). Transformation of self in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 18(2), 238-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(91)90007-X
  16. Bruner, E. M. (1994). Abraham Lincoln as authentic reproduction: A critique of postmodernism. American Anthropologist, 96(2), 397-415. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1994.96.2.02a00070
  17. Bruner, E. M. (1996). Tourism in Ghana: The representation of slavery and the return of the black diaspora. American Anthropologist, 98(2), 290-304. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1996.98.2.02a00060
  18. Bruner, E. M. (2005). Culture on tour: Ethnographies of travel. University of Chicago Press.
  19. Burns, G. L. (2004). Anthropology and tourism: Past contributions and future theoretical challenges. Anthropological Forum, 14(1), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/0066467042000189908
  20. Burns, P. M. (1999). An introduction to tourism and anthropology. Routledge.
  21. Cleverdon, R. (1979). The economic and social impact of international tourism in developing countries. Economic Intelligence Unit.
  22. Cohen, E. (1972). Toward a sociology of international tourism. Social Research, 39(1), 164-182.
  23. Cohen, E. (1979). The impact of tourism on the hill tribes of Northern Thailand. Internationales Asienforum, 10(1/2), 5-38.
  24. Cohen, E. (1984). The sociology of tourism: Approaches, issues, and findings. Annual Review of Sociology, 10(1), 373-392. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.10.080184.002105
  25. Cohen, E. (1988). Authenticity and commoditization in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 15(3), 371-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(88)90028-X
  26. Cohen, S. A., ve Cohen, E. (2012). Current sociological theories and issues in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(4), 2177-2202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.07.009
  27. Cohen, S. A., ve Cohen, E. (2019). New directions in the sociology of tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(2), 153-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1347151
  28. Cole, S. (2007). Beyond authenticity and commodification. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(4), 943-960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2007.05.004
  29. Crick, M. (1989). Representations of international tourism in the social sciences: Sun, sex, sights, savings, and servility. Annual Review of Anthropology, 18, 307-344. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.18.100189.001515
  30. Deem, R. (1996). Women, the city and holidays. Leisure Studies, 15(2), 105-119. https://doi.org/10.1080/026143696375657
  31. Di Giovine, M. A. (2017). Anthropology of tourism. L. L. Lowry (Ed.) içinde, The Sage international encyclopedia of travel and tourism (s. 77-81). SAGE Publications, Inc.
  32. Doxey, G.V. (1976). When enough’s enough: The natives are restless in Old Niagara. Heritage Canada, 2(2), 26-27.
  33. Durkheim (1995). The elementary forms of the religious life (K. E. Fields, Çev.). The Free Press. (Özgün eserin basımı 1912)
  34. Eade, J. (1992). Pilgrimage and tourism at Lourdes, France. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(1), 18-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(92)90104-W
  35. Ferguson, L. (2011). Promoting gender equality and empowering women? Tourism and the third Millennium Development Goal. Current Issues in Tourism, 14(3), 235-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2011.555522
  36. Finney, B. R. ve Watson, K. A. (1975). A new kind of sugar: Tourism in the Pacific. East West Center Honolulu. Graburn, N. (1977). Tourism: The sacred journey. V. L. Smith (ed.) içinde, Hosts and guests: The anthropology of tourism (1st edition) (s. 17-32). University of Pennsylvania Press.
  37. Graburn, N. (1980). Teaching the anthropology of tourism. International Social Science Journal, 32(1), 56-68.
  38. Graburn, N. (1983). The anthropology of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 10(1), 9-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(83)90113-5
  39. Graburn, N. (2017). Key figure of mobility: The tourist. Social Anthropology, 25(1), 83-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12394
  40. Greenwood, D. J. (1976). Tourism as an agent of change: A Spanish Basque case. Ethnology, 11(1), 80-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(76)90005-0 (Özgün eserin basımı 1972)
  41. Harkin, M. (1995). Modernist anthropology and tourism of the authentic. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(3), 650-670. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00008-T
  42. Harrison, F. V. (2008). Outsider within: Reworking anthropology in the global age. University of Illinois.
  43. Haviland, W. A., Prins, H. E., Walrath, D., ve McBride, B. (2008). Kültürel antropoloji (İ. Deniz, ve E. Sarıoğlu, Çev.). Kaknüs Yayınları.
  44. Henderson, K. A. (1990). The meaning of leisure for women: An integrative review of the research. Journal of Leisure Research, 22(3), 228-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1990.11969827
  45. Holtorf, C. (2005). Learning from Las Vegas: Archaeology in the experience economy. The SAA Archaeological Record. 7(3), 6-25.
  46. Jafari, J. (2001). The scientification of tourism. V. L. Smith, ve M. Brent (Ed.) içinde, Hosts and guest revisited: Tourism issues of the 21st century (s. 2841). Cognizant.
  47. Jóhannesson, G. T. (2005). Tourism translations: Actor-network theory and tourism research. Tourist Studies, 5(2), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797605066924
  48. Kay, T. (2000). Leisure, gender and family: The influence of social policy. Leisure Studies, 19(4), 247-265. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614360050118823
  49. Kinnaird, V., ve Hall, D. R. (1994). Tourism: A gender analysis. Wiley.
  50. Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. (1998). Destination culture: Tourism, museums, and heritage. University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520919488
  51. Kottak, C. P. (2002). Antropoloji: İnsan çeşitliğine bir bakış (S. Altuntek, Çev.). Ütopya Yayınevi.
  52. Lanfant, M. F., Allcock, J. B., ve Bruner, E. M. (Ed.) (1995). International tourism: Identity and change. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446250402
  53. Leach, E. (1961). Rethinking anthropology. Athlone Press.
  54. Leite, N. (2005). Journeys to an ancestral past: On diasporic tourism, embodied memory, and identity. Antropológicas, 9, 273-302.
  55. Leite, N., ve Graburn, N. (2009). Anthropological interventions in tourism studies. T. Jamal, ve M. Robinson (Ed.) içinde, The Sage handbook of tourism studies (s. 35-64). London: SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857021076.n3
  56. Leite, N., ve Swain, M. (2015). Anthropology, tourism. J. Jafari, ve H. Xiao (Ed.), Encyclopedia of tourism içinde (s. 1-6). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_8-1
  57. Levy, D. E., ve Lerch, P. B. (1991). Tourism as a factor in development implications for gender and work in Barbados. Gender and Society, 5(1), 67-85.
  58. MacCannell, D. (1973). Staged authenticity: Arrangements of social space in tourist settings. American Journal of Sociology, 79(3), 589-603. https://doi.org/10.1086/225585
  59. MacCannell, D. (1976). The tourist: A new theory of the leisure class. University of California Press.
  60. McKean, P.F. (1989). Towards a theoretical analysis of tourism: Economic dualism and cultural involution in Bali. V. L. Smith (Ed.) içinde, Hosts and guests: The anthropology of tourism (2nd edition) (s. 119-138). University of Pennsylvania Press. https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812208016.119
  61. Mathieson, A., ve Wall, G. (1982). Tourism: Economic, physical and social impacts. Longman Scientific & Technical.
  62. Mead, M. (1956). New lives for old: Cultural transformation—Manus, 1928-1953. William Morrow & Co.
  63. Medina, L. K. (2003). Commoditizing culture: Tourism and Maya identity. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(2), 353-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00099-3
  64. Merriman, N. (1991). Beyond the glass case: The past, the heritage and the public in Britain. Leicester University Press.
  65. Nash, D. (1977). Tourism as a form of imperialism. V. L. Smith (Ed.) içinde, Hosts and guests: The anthropology of tourism (1st edition) (s. 33-47). University of Pennsylvania Press.
  66. Nash, D. (1979). The rise and fall of an aristocratic tourist culture: Nice: 1763–1936. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(1), 61-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(79)90095-1
  67. Nash, D. (1981). Tourism as an anthropological subject [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology, 22(5), 461-481. https://doi.org/10.1086/202722
  68. Nash, D. (1989). Tourism as a form of imperialism. V. L. Smith (Ed.) içinde, Hosts and guests: The anthropology of tourism (2nd edition) (s. 37-52). University of Pennsylvania Press. https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812208016.37
  69. Nash, D. (Ed.) (2007). The study of tourism: Anthropological and sociological beginnings. Elsevier. Nash, D. ve Smith, V. L. (1991). Anthropology and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 18(1), 12-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(91)90036-B
  70. Nunez, T. A., Jr. (1963). Tourism, tradition and acculturation: Weekendismo in a Mexican village. Ethnology, 2(3), 347-52. https://doi.org/10.2307/3772866
  71. Nunez, T. A., Jr. (1989). Touristic studies in anthropological perspective-with epilogue by James Lett. V. L. Smith (Ed.) içinde, Hosts and guests: The anthropology of tourism (2nd edition) (s. 265-280). University of Pennsylvania Press.
  72. Petit-Skinner, S. (1977). Tourism and acculturation in Tahiti. B. Farrell (Ed.) içinde, The Social and economic impact of tourism on Pacific communities (s. 85-87). Center for South Pacific Studies.
  73. Picard, M. (1990). Cultural tourism in Bali: Cultural performances as tourist attraction. Indonesia, (49), 37-74. https://doi.org/10.2307/3351053
  74. Pi-Sunyer, O. (1977). Through native eyes: Tourists and tourism in a Catalan maritime community. V. L. Smith (Ed.) içinde, Hosts and guests: The anthropology of tourism (1st edition) (s. 149-155). University of Pennsylvania Press.
  75. Pi-Sunyer, O. (1989). Changing perceptions of tourism and tourists in a Catalan resort town. V. L. Smith (Ed.) içinde, Hosts and guests: The anthropology of tourism (2nd edition) (s. 187-199). University of Pennsylvania Press. https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812208016.187
  76. Redfield, R. (1936). Memorandum for the study of acculturation. American Anthropologist, 38(1), 149-152. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1936.38.1.02a00330
  77. Redfield, R. (1941). The folk culture of Yucatan. University of Chicago Press.
  78. Roberts, L., ve Andrews, H. (2013). (Un)doing tourism anthropology: Outline of a field of practice. Journal of Tourism Challenges and Trends, 6(2), 13-38.
  79. Sam, D. L. ve Berry, J. W. (Ed.) (2006.) The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511489891
  80. Scott, J. (1995). Sexual and national boundaries in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(2), 385-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)00083-2
  81. Scott, J., ve Selwyn, T. (2010). Introduction: Thinking through tourism – Framing the volume. J. Scott, ve T. Selwyn (ed.) içinde, Thinking through tourism (s.1-26). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003087229-1
  82. Selwyn, T. (Ed.) (1996). The tourist image: Myths and myth making in tourism. Wiley.
  83. Smith, V. L. (1976). Tourism and culture change: A symposium. Annals of Tourism Research, 3(3), 122-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(76)90003-7
  84. Smith, V. L. (Ed.) (1977a). Hosts and guests: The anthropology of tourism, (1st edition). University of Pennsylvania Press.
  85. Smith, V. L. (1977b). Introduction. V. L. Smith (Ed.) içinde, Hosts and guests: The anthropology of tourism (1st edition) (s. 1-14). University of Pennsylvania Press.
  86. Smith, V. L. (1979). Women the taste-makers in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(1), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(79)90094-X
  87. Smith, V. L. (1982). Tourism to Greenland: Renewed ethnicity? Cultural Survival Quarterly, 6(3), 26-27.
  88. Smith, V. L. (Ed.) (1989). Hosts and guests: The anthropology of tourism, (2nd edition). University of Pennsylvania Press. https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812208016
  89. Stronza, A. (2001). Anthropology of tourism: Forging new ground for ecotourism and other alternatives. Annual Review of Anthropology, 30(1), 261-283. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.30.1.261
  90. Sutton, W. A. (1967). Travel and understanding: Notes on the social structure of touring. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 8(2), 218-223. https://doi.org/10.1177/002071526700800206
  91. Swain, M. B. (1989). Gender roles in indigenous tourism: Kuna Yala and cultural survival. V. L. Smith (Ed.) içinde, Hosts and guests: The anthropology of tourism (2nd edition) (s. 83-104). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812208016.83
  92. Swain, M. B. (1995). Gender in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(2), 247-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)00095-6
  93. Taylor, J. P. (2001). Authenticity and sincerity in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(1), 7-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(00)00004-9
  94. Tucker, H., ve Boonabaana, B. (2012). A critical analysis of tourism, gender and poverty reduction. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(3), 437-455. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.622769
  95. Turner, L., ve Ash, J. (1975). The golden hordes: International tourism and the pleasure periphery. London: Constable.
  96. Turner, V. (1969). Liminality and communitas. The ritual process: Structure and anti-structure içinde (s. 94-113). Aldine Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315134666-3
  97. Turner, V. (1974). Liminal to liminoid, in play, flow, and ritual: An essay in comparative symbology. Rice Institute Pamphlet - Rice University Studies, 60(3). https://hdl.handle.net/1911/63159
  98. Turner, V. (1979). Frame, flow and reflection: Ritual and drama as public liminality. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 6(4), 465-499. https://doi.org/10.18874/jjrs.6.4.1979.465-499
  99. Turner, V., ve Turner, E. (1978). Image and pilgrimage in Christian Culture. Columbia University Press. World Tourism Organization, (2021). International tourism highlights, 2020 edition. UNWTO. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284422456.
  100. van Gennep, A. (1960). The rites of passage (M. B. Yizedom, ve G. L. Caffee, Çev.). University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226027180.001.0001 (Özgün eserin basımı 1909)
  101. Ward, C. (2008). Thinking outside the Berry boxes: New perspectives on identity, acculturation and intercultural relations. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(2), 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2007.11.002
  102. Wilkinson, P.F. ve Pratiwi, W. (1995). Gender and tourism in an Indonesian village. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(2), 283-299.
  103. Xiao, H., Jafari, J., Cloke, P., ve Tribe, J. (2013). Annals: 40–40 vision. Annals of Tourism Research, 40, 352-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.10.003