A Group of Phaselis Type 3 Amphorae by the Base of the Phaselis Central Tower: A New Pottery Dumpster (Bothros) and Amphora Production Area

Abstract

In 2021, seven test trenches were excavated by the base of the Central Tower using random sampling techniques. The purpose of the excavation was to assess the potential for conservation and landscaping projects planned for the area north of the Phaselis city center. Although the trenches are independent from each other, they were determined systematically. The finds indicate the production of ceramics and amphorae. In relation to this production organization, numerous fragments of broken or incomplete amphorae were also found in the area. Their discovery sheds light on the production organization of Phaselis. Among them are locally produced Phaselis amphorae, which have recently been introduced to the literature, as well as imported and imitation amphorae. New types of Phaselis amphorae were also identified based on their morphological characteristics. This study focuses on the forms belonging to Type 3 Phaselis amphorae, as faulty examples of this type were identified. The studies conducted in these test trenches revealed a new ceramic dumpster (bothros) and amphora production area in addition to the Hellenistic Temple Area. The production of ceramics and amphorae was carried out in different areas in a process-dependent manner, as shown chronologically. The aim is to reveal the production and consumption organization in the area from the fifth century BC to the third century BC. A new ceramic dumpsite and amphora production area are introduced to the literature.