Journals / İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 88 Sayı: 2

HOW DID THE PANDEMIC LOCKDOWN AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS’ SOCIAL AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS? A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY FROM TÜRKİYE

PANDEMİ KARANTİNASI BEBEKLERİN SOSYAL VE İLETİŞİM BECERİLERİNİN GELİŞİMİNİ NASIL ETKİLEDİ? TÜRKİYE'DEN RETROSPEKTİF BİR ÇALIŞMA

Öykü Özbörü Aşkan(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF CHILDREN'S HEALTH, DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL PEDIATRICS)0000-0002-4139-5497
Gonca Keskindemirci(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, İSTANBUL FACULTY OF MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF CHILD HEALTH AND DISEASES, SOCIAL PEDIATRICS)0000-0003-1797-2802
Melike Mete(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, İSTANBUL FACULTY OF MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF CHILD HEALTH AND DISEASES, SOCIAL PEDIATRICS)0000-0002-7985-0731
Ümran Çakıroğlu(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, İSTANBUL FACULTY OF MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF CHILD HEALTH AND DISEASES, GENERAL PEDIATRICS (MEDICINE))0000-0002-2011-6145
Shabnam Aliyeva(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, İSTANBUL FACULTY OF MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF CHILD HEALTH AND DISEASES, GENERAL PEDIATRICS (MEDICINE))0000-0001-9486-6873
Pınar Yeşil(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, İSTANBUL FACULTY OF MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF CHILD HEALTH AND DISEASES, GENERAL PEDIATRICS (MEDICINE))0000-0002-8271-4714
Gülbin Gökçay(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF CHILDREN'S HEALTH, DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL PEDIATRICS)0000-0003-1042-0407
Pages
128–134
Publication Date
2025-04-28
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It is important to monitor the development of communication skills as a part of paediatric health monitoring and to closely follow up with early interventions.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Limited socialisation during the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the factors that may affect children’s social and communication skills.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In this study, we assessed the social communication skills of children aged 1-2 years during the COVID-19 pandemic period and compare them with the pre-pandemic era.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:It is important to monitor the development of communication skills as a part of paediatric health monitoring and to closely follow up with early interventions.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:COVID-19 · dil gelişimi · sosyal iletişim

Abstract

Objective: Limited socialisation during the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the factors that may affect children’s social and communication skills. In this study, we assessed the social communication skills of children aged 1-2 years during the COVID-19 pandemic period and compare them with the pre-pandemic era. Material and Methods: Children who were two years old before the pandemic (Group 1) and children who were two years old during the pandemic quarantine (Group 2) were included in the study. For both groups, demographic information, anthropometric measurements at birth, ages at reaching developmental milestones, Social Communication Area Screening Test for Infants (SCASI) scores at 15 and 24 months [total, pre-speech skills (F1a), vocabu lary (F1b), awareness skills scores (F2; n)], and screen time exposu re were collected from medical records. Comparative analyses of these variables between the two groups were performed. Results: A total of 202 children (Group 1; n=123, Group 2; n=79) were included in the study. The rate of girls was higher in Group 2 (p=0.041). No significant difference was found in terms of birth weeks, birth height, weight, head circumference measurements and the initial times of head holding, sitting without support and walking independently. The screen exposure duration for ≥2 hours at 15 and 24 months was higher in Group 2 (p=0.110; p=0.014, respectively). In the Social Communication assessments, the rate of children with risky SCASI results was higher in Group 2, both at 15 and 24 months (p=0.312; p=0.004, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic might have an impact on the social communication skills of children aged 1–2 years. It is important to monitor the development of communication skills as a part of paediatric health monitoring and to closely follow up with early interventions.

Özet

Amaç: COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında sınırlı sosyalleşme, çocukların sosyal ve iletişim becerilerini etkileyebilecek faktörlerden biridir. Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde 1-2 yaş arası çocukların sosyal iletişim becerilerini değerlendirmeyi ve pandemi öncesi dönemle karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Pandemi öncesinde iki yaşında olan çocuklar (Grup 1) ve pandemi karantinası sırasında iki yaşında olan çocuklar (Grup 2) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Her iki grup için demografik bilgiler, doğumdaki antropometrik ölçümler, gelişimsel kilometre taşlarına ulaşma yaşları, 15 ve 24 aylık Bebekler İçin Sosyal İletişim Alanı Tarama Testi (SİATT) skorları (toplam, konuşma ön cesi beceriler (F1a), kelime kullanımı (F1b), farkındalık becerileri skorları (F2)) ve ekrana maruz kalma süresi tıbbi kayıtlardan toplandı. Bu değişkenlerin iki grup arasında karşılaştırmalı analizleri yapıldı. Bulgular: Toplam 202 çocuk (Grup 1; n=123, Grup 2; n=79) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Grup 2'de kız çocuklarının oranı daha yük sekti (p=0,041). Doğum haftası, doğum boyu, kilo, baş çevresi ölçümleri ve baş tutma, desteksiz oturma ve bağımsız yürüme başlangıç zamanları açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı. Grup 2'de 15 ve 24. aylarda ≥2 saat ekrana maruz kalma süresi daha yüksek saptandı (sırasıyla p=0,110; p=0,014). Sosyal İletişim değerlendirmelerinde, riskli SIATT sonuçları olan çocukların oranı hem 15. hem de 24. ayda Grup 2'de daha yüksekti (sırasıyla p=0,312; p=0,004). Sonuç: Bulgularımız, COVID-19 pandemisinin 1-2 yaş arası ço cukların sosyal iletişim becerileri üzerinde etkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Pediatrik sağlık izleminin bir parçası olarak iletişim becerilerinin gelişiminin izlenmesi ve erken müdahalelerle yakından takip edilmesi önemlidir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Aşkan, Ö. Ö., Keskindemirci, G., Mete, M., Çakıroğlu, Ü., Aliyeva, S., Yeşil, P., Gökçay, G. (2025). HOW DID THE PANDEMIC LOCKDOWN AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS’ SOCIAL AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS? A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY FROM TÜRKİYE. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 88 Sayı: 2, 128–134. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.1582447

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (29)

  1. Kılıçarslan Törüner E, Büyükgönenç L. Çocuk sağlığı temel hemşirelik yaklaşımları. Ankara: İrem Matbaacılık 2011:1-20. google scholar
  2. Özmert E. Gelişimin İzlenmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi. In: Gülbin Gökçay UB, editor. İlk Beş Yaşta Çocuk Sağlığı İzlemi. 2nd ed. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri 2021. p. 53-9. google scholar
  3. Bundy DA, de Silva N, Horton S, Patton GC, Schultz L, Jamison DT. Child and adolescent health and development: Realizing neglected potential. In: Bundy DA, de Silva N, Horton S, Jamison DT, Patton GC.Child and adolescent health and development. Washington: World Bank; 2017.p.1-25 [CrossRef] google scholar
  4. Ferguson KT, Cassells RC, MacAllister JW, Evans GW. The physical environment and child development: An international review. Int J Psychology 2013;48(4):437-68. [CrossRef] google scholar
  5. Davico C, Ghiggia A, Marcotulli D, Ricci F, Amianto F, Vitiello B. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults and their children in Italy. Front Psychiatry 2021;12:572997. [CrossRef] google scholar
  6. Jiao WY, Wang LN, Liu J, Fang SF, Jiao FY, Pettoello-Mantovani M, et al. Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic. J Pediatr 2020;221:264-6. e1. [CrossRef] google scholar
  7. Araüjo LAd, Veloso CF, Souza MdC, Azevedo JMCd, Tarro G. The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child growth and development: a systematic review. J Pediatr 2021;97:369-77. [CrossRef] google scholar
  8. UNICEF. Politika Notu: COVID-19 Salgınının Çocuklar Üzerindeki Etkileri 2020. google scholar
  9. Zemrani B, Gehri M, Masserey E, Knob C, Pellaton R. A hidden side of the COVID-19 pandemic in children: the double burden of undernutrition and overnutrition. Int J Equity Health 2021;20:1-4. [CrossRef] google scholar
  10. Raman S, Harries M, Nathawad R, Kyeremateng R, Seth R, Lonne B. Where do we go from here? A child rights-based response to COVID-19. BMJ Paediatrics Open 2020;4(1):e000714. [CrossRef] google scholar
  11. Konukbay D, Suluhan D. COVID-19 pandemisinde çocuk gelişimini ve bakımı etkileyen süreçler. COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinin çocukların bakımı ve çevresine etkileri 2022;1:8-14. google scholar
  12. Yogman M, Garner A, Hutchinson J, Hirsh-Pasek K, Golinkoff RM, Baum R, et al. The power of play: A pediatric role in enhancing development in young children. Pediatrics 2018;142(3):e20182058. [CrossRef] google scholar
  13. Borelli JL, Smiley PA, Rasmussen HF, Gomez A. Is it about me, you, or us? Stress reactivity correlates of discrepancies in we-talk among parents and preadolescent children. J Youth Adolesc 2016;45:1996-2010. [CrossRef] google scholar
  14. Ertem IO. The international guide for monitoring child development: enabling individualised interventions. Early Childhood Matters 2017;126:83-7. google scholar
  15. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü Çocuk ve Ergen Sağlığı Dairesi Başkanlığı Bebek, Çocuk, Ergen İzlem Protokolleri. Ankara: 2018 https://ekutuphane.saglik. gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/Bebek_Cocuk_Ergen_Izlem_ Protokolleri_2018.pdf. google scholar
  16. Kara B, Mukaddes NM, Altınkaya I, Güntepe D, Gökçay G, Özmen M. Using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in a well-child clinic in Turkey: Adapting the screening method based on culture and setting. Autism 2014;18(3):331-8. [CrossRef] google scholar
  17. Sertgil NK, Özen DŞ, Gökçay G. Bebeklik ve erken çocukluk döneminde gelişimsel risk tespiti için Sosyal İletişim Alan Tarama Testi (SİATT). Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2015;58:87-95. google scholar
  18. McDonald S, Kehler H, Bayrampour H, Fraser-Lee N, Tough S. Risk and protective factors in early child development: Results from the All Our Babies (AOB) pregnancy cohort. Res Dev Disabil 2016;58:20-30. [CrossRef] google scholar
  19. Sledge H, Lawler M, Hourihane J, Franklin R, Boland F, Dunne S, et al. Parenting a newborn baby during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative survey. BMJ Paediatrics Open 2022;6(1):e001348. [CrossRef] google scholar
  20. Byrne S, Sledge H, Franklin R, Boland F, Murray DM, Hourihane J. Social communication skill attainment in babies born during the COVID-19 pandemic: a birth cohort study. Arch Dis Child 2023;108(1):20-4. [CrossRef] google scholar
  21. Huang P, Zhou F, Guo Y, Yuan S, Lin S, Lu J, et al. Association between the COVID-19 pandemic and infant neurodevelopment: a comparison before and during COVID-19. Front Pediatr 2021;9:662165. [CrossRef] google scholar
  22. Darmiyanti A, Supriadi O, Nurlaeli A. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on language and social development for early childhood children age 4-6 years in Karawang District. IJECES 2021;10(1):27-32. google scholar
  23. Yoshikawa H, Wuermli AJ, Britto PR, Dreyer B, Leckman JF, Lye SJ, et al. Effects of the global coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic on early childhood development: short-and long-term risks and mitigating program and policy actions. J Pediatr 2020;223:188-93. [CrossRef] google scholar
  24. Alroqi H, Serratrice L, Cameron-Faulkner T. The association between screen media quantity, content, and context and language development. J Child Lang 2023;50(5):1155-83. [CrossRef] google scholar
  25. Keskindemirci G, Gökçay G. Screen exposure in children with language delay; results of pilot study. J Ist Faculty Med 2020; 83(1):30-4. google scholar
  26. Guram S, Heinz P. Media use in children: American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations 2016. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract 2018;103(2):99-101. [CrossRef] google scholar
  27. Chonchaiya W, Pruksananonda C. Television viewing associates with delayed language development. Acta Paediatrica 2008;97(7):977-82. [CrossRef] google scholar
  28. Choi EJ, King GK, Duerden EG. Screen time in children and youth during the pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Pediatrics 2023;6:100080. [CrossRef] google scholar
  29. Madigan S, Eirich R, Pador P, McArthur BA, Neville RD. Assessment of changes in child and adolescent screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2022;176(12):1188-98. [CrossRef] google scholar