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Journals / İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 89 Sayı: 3

ASSOCIATION OF DIETARY INFLAMMATORY INDEX WITH SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION IN WELL-CONTROLLED TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Fatma Yigitoglu Tumer(Özel Klinik)0000-0003-3608-9652
Bedia Fulya Çalıkoğlu(İstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi)0000-0002-0964-5142
Hülya Hacişahinoğulları(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, İSTANBUL FACULTY OF MEDICINE, İSTANBUL MEDICINE PR.)0000-0001-9989-6473
Özlem Soyluk Selçukbiricik(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, İSTANBUL FACULTY OF MEDICINE, İSTANBUL MEDICINE PR.)0000-0003-0732-4764
Ayşe Kubat Uzum(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, İSTANBUL FACULTY OF MEDICINE, İSTANBUL MEDICINE PR.)0000-0003-0478-1193
Kubilay Karşıdağ(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, İSTANBUL FACULTY OF MEDICINE, İSTANBUL MEDICINE PR.)0000-0002-9332-1262
Pages
211–216
Publication Date
2026-08-14
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These findings suggest that dietary inflammatory potential may contribute to residual cardiometabolic risk beyond glycemic control.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Low-grade chronic inflammation contributes to residual cardiometabolic risk in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), even among patients who achieve glycemic targets.
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Key Findings & Data:Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) quantifies the inflammatory potential of habitual diet; however, its association with systemic inflammatory markers in well-controlled T2DM remains unclear.
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Conclusion & Impact:These findings suggest that dietary inflammatory potential may contribute to residual cardiometabolic risk beyond glycemic control.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Dietary Inflammatory Index · Type 2 diabetes mellitus · Interleukin-6

Abstract

Objective: Low-grade chronic inflammation contributes to residual cardiometabolic risk in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), even among patients who achieve glycemic targets. Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) quantifies the inflammatory potential of habitual diet; however, its association with systemic inflammatory markers in well-controlled T2DM remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between DII scores and circulating inflammatory markers in adults with well-controlled T2DM. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 120 adults with T2DM and 30 healthy controls. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 7-day food frequency questionnaire, and DII scores were calculated. Patients with T2DM were stratified into DII quartiles. Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), along with metabolic parameters, were measured. Associations were evaluated using correlation and regression analyses, and effect sizes were estimated using Cohen’s d. Results: DII scores were positively correlated with IL-6 (r=0.421, p<0.001) and hs–CRP (r=0.312, p=0.002). IL 6 levels increased progressively across DII quartiles (p for trend <0.001), with a large effect size between the lowest and highest quartiles (Cohen’s d=0.84). Higher DII scores were associated with lower intakes of dietary fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, magnesium, and vitamin C (all p<0.05). Serum uric acid levels also increased across DII quartiles (p=0.044). No significant association was observed between DII and TNF-α. Conclusions: In adults with well-controlled T2DM, a more proinflammatory diet is associated with higher systemic inflammation, particularly elevated IL 6 levels. These findings suggest that dietary inflammatory potential may contribute to residual cardiometabolic risk beyond glycemic control.

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Cite This Article

Tumer, F. Y., Çalıkoğlu, B. F., Hacişahinoğulları, H., Selçukbiricik, Ö. S., Uzum, A. K., Karşıdağ, K. (2026). ASSOCIATION OF DIETARY INFLAMMATORY INDEX WITH SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION IN WELL-CONTROLLED TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 89 Sayı: 3, 211–216. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.1885285

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