Journals / Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi / 2023 / Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4

Investigation of the Relationship Between the Structural Properties and Air, Water Drop and Particle Permeability of Different Masks Available in the Market

Candan Akca(MANİSA CELÂL BAYAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-5305-0296
Mehmet İsmail Katı(MANISA CELAL BAYAR UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-9225-730X
Pages
373–380
Publication Date
2023-12-29
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It has been determined that the air permeability, water drop and particle permeability behavior of the masks with different structural and morphological properties are very different.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study was performed on the masks which started to have vital importance after the Covid-19 which were first seen in China at the end of 2019 and spread all over the world in a short time and became a global epidemic.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The air permeability analysis of the masks was performed at 100 pascals pressure, in an area of 5 cm2 in 4 repetitions using Textest-Fx 3300 Air Permeability Device.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:It has been determined that the air permeability, water drop and particle permeability behavior of the masks with different structural and morphological properties are very different.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2019 Verileri
⚙️Variables:areal density · air permeability · fiber diameter

Abstract

This study was performed on the masks which started to have vital importance after the Covid-19 which were first seen in China at the end of 2019 and spread all over the world in a short time and became a global epidemic. By examining the structural and morphological properties (number of layers, fabric properties used in different layers, average fiber diameter, fiber distribution, average porosity diameter, etc.) of different masks procured from local producers, air permeability, water drop and particle permeability were investigated. Structural and morphological properties of different layers of masks were observed through SEM analysis. The air permeability analysis of the masks was performed at 100 pascals pressure, in an area of 5 cm2 in 4 repetitions using Textest-Fx 3300 Air Permeability Device. The water drop permeability analysis was carried out with 0.3 µM NaCl solution under standard atmospheric conditions in a non-pressurized environment. A crocmeter was used for particle permeability analysis. And it was tested whether the fine particulate dust passed to the back of the mask. It has been determined that the air permeability, water drop and particle permeability behavior of the masks with different structural and morphological properties are very different.

🔖

Cite This Article

Akca, C., Katı, M. İ. (2023). Investigation of the Relationship Between the Structural Properties and Air, Water Drop and Particle Permeability of Different Masks Available in the Market. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 373–380. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.1371598

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (30)

  1. . Matuschek, C, et al. 2020. The History and Value of Face Masks. European Journal of Medical Research. 25(23).
  2. . Strasser, B, Schlich, T. 2020. A History of Medical Mask and The Rise of Throwaway Culture. The Art of Medicine. 396(10243): 19-20.
  3. . Oberg, T, Brosseau, L. 2007. Surgical Mask Filter and Fit Performance. American Journal of Infection Control; 36(4): 276-282.
  4. . Belkin, N. L. 1996. A century after their introduction, are surgical masks necessary? AORN Journal, 64(4), 602–607. doi:10.1016/s0001-2092(06)63628-4
  5. . Tesfaldet, Y, Ndeh, N. 2022. Assessing face masks in the environment by means of the DPSIR framework. Science of The Total Environment. 814(152859). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152859
  6. . Pullangott, G., Kannan, U., S., G., et al. 2021. A comprehensive review on antimicrobial face masks: an emerging weapon in fighting pandemics. RSC Advances, 11(12), 6544–6576. doi:10.1039/d0ra10009a
  7. . Coronavirus: the first three months as it happened https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00154-w. (accessed at 12.06.2023).
  8. . Covid-19 Coronavirus Pandemic https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ (accessed at 12.06.2023).
  9. . WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard https://covid19.who.int/ (accessed at 12.06.2023).
  10. . Martinelli L, Kopilaš V., et al. Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Simple Protection Tool With Many Meanings. Front Public Health. 2021 Jan 13;8:606635. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.606635.
  11. . Maske aşı gibidir virüsü engeller https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/saglik/maske-asi-gibidir-virusu-engeller-6053491/ (accessed at 12.06.2023).
  12. . One More Reason to Wear a Mask: You’ll Get Less Sick From COVID-19 https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2020/07/418181/one-more-reason-wear-mask-youll-get-less-sick-covid-19 (accessed at 12.06.2023).
  13. . Wearing a Mask Could Keep You from Getting Seriously Sick https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2020/wearing-a-mask-could-keep-you-from-getting-seriously-sick (accessed at 12.06.2023).
  14. . Chua, M. H, Cheng, W, Goh, S. S, Kong, J, Li, B, Lim, J. Y. C. 2020. Face Masks in the New COVID-19 Normal: Materials, Testing, and Perspectives. Research, 1–40. doi:10.34133/2020/7286735
  15. . Van Straten, B, de Man, P, van den Dobbelsteen, J, Koeleman, H, van der Eijk, A, Horeman, T. 2020. Sterilization of disposable face masks by means of standardized dry and steam sterilization processes; an alternative in the fight against mask shortages due to COVID-19. Journal of Hospital Infection. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.001
  16. . Blad, T, Nijssen, J, Broeren, F, Boogaard, B. Lampaert, S, van den Toorn, S, van den Dobbelsteen, J. 2020. A Rapidly Deployable Test Suite for Respiratory Protective Devices in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Applied Biosafety. 25(3), 161–168. doi:10.1177/1535676020947284
  17. . Carlos Rubio-Romero, J, del Carmen Pardo-Ferreira, M, Antonio Torrecilla García, J, Calero-Castro, S. 2020. Disposable masks: Disinfection and sterilization for reuse, and non-certified manufacturing, in the face of shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic. Safety Science, 104830. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104830
  18. . Begg, S, Emekwuru, N, Miché, N, Whitney, B, Ejohwomu, O. 2020. Can we use these masks? Rapid assessment of the inhalation resistance performance of uncertified medical face masks in the context of restricted resources imposed during a public health emergency. medRxiv, 2020-05.
  19. . Puro, V, Magnavita, N, Ippolito, G. 2004. SARS and masks. Journal of Hospital Infection, 56(1), 73–74. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2003.09.010
  20. . Bhat, G. S, Malkan, S. R, Islam, S. Spunbond and meltblown web formation. In Handbook of Nonwovens, Woodhead Publishing, 2022, pp 217-278.
  21. . Wilson, A. 2010. The formation of dry, wet, spunlaid and other types of nonwovens. Applications of Nonwovens in Technical Textiles, 3–17. doi:10.1533/9781845699741.1.3
  22. . Özer, A, Hacimustafaoğlu, M. 2020. What Should be the Mask Types, Features and Standards Recommended for Health İnstitutions and for the General Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic? J Pediatr Inf, 14(3), 150-154. DOI: 10.5578/ced.202054
  23. . Zhang, J, Wang, H, Chen, C, Gui, A, Zhang, X, Wang, Y, Zeng, W. 2022. Analysis of microstructure and protective performance of melt-blown materials for medical protective masks. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series Vol. 2194, No. 1, p. 012010. IOP Publishing.
  24. . Lee, B. O, Ko, J. A, Han, S. W. 2010. Characteristics of PP/PET bicomponent melt blown nonwovens as sound absorbing material. In Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 123, pp. 935-938). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
  25. . Moradi,, Ahmadi, M. S, Mashroteh, H. 2019. Development of tri-layer breathable fluid barrier nonwoven fabrics for surgical gown applications. The Journal of The Textile Institute.
  26. . Xu, J, Xio, X, Zhang, W, Xu, R, Kim, S. C, Cui, Y, Wu, E. 2020. Air-filtering masks for respiratory protection from PM2. 5 and pandemic pathgens. One Earth, 3(5), 574-589.
  27. . Shi, Y, Zhang, X, Xu, K, Jin, X, Zhao, Y, Huang, C. 2023. How will actual wearing time influence the protective effect of surgical masks?. Textile Research Journal, 93(7-8), 1641-1650.
  28. . Xu, Y, Zhang, X, Teng, D. et al. 2022. Multi-layered micro/nanofibrous nonwovens for functional face mask filter. Nano Res. 15, 7549–7558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4350-2
  29. . Xiao, Y, et al. 2019. Study on the Relationship Between Structure Parameters and Filtration Performance of Polypropylene Meltblown Nonwovens. Autex Research Journal. 20(4): 1-6.
  30. . Moradi,, Ahmadi, M. S, Mashroteh, H. 2019. Development of tri-layer breathable fluid barrier nonwoven fabrics for surgical gown applications. The Journal of The Textile Institute.