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Journals / Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 31 Sayı: 6

Hydrothermal liquefaction for bio-fuel production from loquat seeds

Hidrotermal sıvılaştırma ile malta eriği çekirdeklerinden biyo-yakıt eldesi

Koray Alper(ZONGULDAK BÜLENT ECEVİT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)
Betül Usta(KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)
Pages
1102–1107
Publication Date
2025-11-13
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Bio-char have the potential to be used as solid fuels or adsorbents.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:In this study, Loquat seeds were used as a biomass source and liquefied by hydrothermal process.
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Key Findings & Data:Hydrothermal liquefaction experiments were carried out at various temperatures (250, 300, 350 °C), reaction times (5, 15, 30, 60 min.) and, initial pressures (5, 10 and 20 bar).
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Conclusion & Impact:Bio-char have the potential to be used as solid fuels or adsorbents.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Malta eriği çekirdeği · Hidrotermal sıvılaştırma · Hafif biyo-yağ

Abstract

In this study, Loquat seeds were used as a biomass source and liquefied by hydrothermal process. Hydrothermal liquefaction experiments were carried out at various temperatures (250, 300, 350 °C), reaction times (5, 15, 30, 60 min.) and, initial pressures (5, 10 and 20 bar). The effect of experimental variables on product yields was examined. Light and heavy bio-oils were characterized by elemental analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Of the three parameters examined, it was observed that the most important parameter affecting product distribution was temperature. The increase in temperature and pressure generally decreased the bio-char yield, while it caused a decrease in the yield of light and heavy bio-oil. The higher heating value of bio-oils was found to be 27 MJ/kg. Both light and heavy bio-oil consist of hydrocarbons containing oxygen. This study revealed that Loquat seeds, which are waste biomass, can be converted into bio-oil and bio-char by hydrothermal liquefaction. After bio-oil upgrading, bio-oil can be used as fuel or as a source of chemical materials. Bio-char have the potential to be used as solid fuels or adsorbents.

Özet

Bu çalışmada biyokütle kaynağı olarak malta eriği çekirdekleri hidrotermal işlemle sıvılaştırılmıştır. Hidrotermal sıvılaştırma deneyleri 250, 300, 350 °C sıcaklıklarda farklı reaksiyon sürelerinde (5, 15, 30, 60 dk.) ve farklı başlangıç basınçlarında (5, 10 ve 20 bar) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneysel parametrelerin elde edilen hafif ve ağır biyo-yağ verimleri ve biyo-çar verimlerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Hafif ve ağır biyo-yağlar elementel analiz ve gaz kromatografisi kütle spektrometresi ile karakterize edilmişlerdir. İncelenen üç parametreden ürün dağılımını etkileyen en önemli parametrenin sıcaklık olduğu görülmüştür. Sıcaklık ve basınçtaki artış genelde biyo-çar verimini azaltırken hafif ve ağır biyo-yağ veriminde azalmaya neden olmuştur. Biyo-yağların üst ısıl değerleri 27 MJ/kg olarak bulunmuştur. Hem hafif hem de ağır biyo-yağ oksijen içeren hidrokarbonlardan oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışma atık biyokütle olan malta eriği çekirdeklerinin hidrotermal sıvılaştırma ile biyo-yağ ve biyo-çara dönüştürülebileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Biyo-yağ iyileştirmeden sonra yakıt olarak veya kimyasal hammadde kaynağı olarak kullanılabilir. Biyo-çarlar katı yakıt veya adsorbent olarak kullanım potansiyeline sahiptir.

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Cite This Article

Alper, K., Usta, B. (2025). Hydrothermal liquefaction for bio-fuel production from loquat seeds. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 6, 1102–1107. https://doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2025.93903

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