SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Clinical and Experimental Ocular Trauma and Infection / 2025 / Volume: 7

Ophthalmic Implications of Avian Influenza A H5N1

Harun Ağca(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi)0000-0002-2651-2034
Pages
3–5
Publication Date
2025-12-31
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Handwashing before putting on and after taking off PPE plays a significant role in reducing the risk of infection.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The Orthomyxoviridae family comprises four genera of influenza viruses: influenza A, B, C, and D.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Sporadic infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virüs in human, with a severe case fatality of more than 50%, have been reported around the world over more than 20 years.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Handwashing before putting on and after taking off PPE plays a significant role in reducing the risk of infection.
🔬Design:Text.Serial.Journal
📍Scope:2024 Verileri
⚙️Variables:ophthalmic · influenza · infection

Abstract

The Orthomyxoviridae family comprises four genera of influenza viruses: influenza A, B, C, and D. Sporadic infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virüs in human, with a severe case fatality of more than 50%, have been reported around the world over more than 20 years. In 2024, an influenza A H5N1 virus infection was diagnosed in a dairy worker in United States, with bilateral conjunctivitis. Influenza viruses lead to conjunctivitis, uveal disorders, retinal and neuro-ophthalmic complications. Personal protective equipment should be used when working directly or closely with sick or dead animals, animal tissues, bedding, raw milk. Handwashing before putting on and after taking off PPE plays a significant role in reducing the risk of infection.

🔖

Cite This Article

Ağca, H. (2025). Ophthalmic Implications of Avian Influenza A H5N1. Clinical and Experimental Ocular Trauma and Infection, Volume: 7, 3–5. https://ajindex.com/articles/1023764

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (16)

  1. Iuliano AD, Roguski KM, Chang HH, Muscatello DJ, Palekar R, Tempia S, et al; Global Seasonal Influenza-associated Mortality Collaborator Network. Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study. Lancet. 2018;391(10127):1285-1300. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33293-2. Erratum in: Lancet. 2018;391(10127):1262. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30105-3.
  2. Nuwarda RF, Alharbi AA, Kayser V. An overview of influenza viruses and vaccines. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(9):1032. doi:10.3390/vaccines9091032.
  3. Trombetta CM, Kistner O, Montomoli E, Viviani S, Marchi S. Influenza viruses and vaccines: the role of vaccine effectiveness studies for evaluation of the benefits of influenza vaccines. Vaccines (Basel). 2022;10(5):714. doi:10.3390/vaccines10050714.
  4. World Health Organization. Cumulative number of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO, 2003–2024. Published March 28, 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/cumulative-number-of-confirmed-human-cases-for-avian-influenza-a(h5n1)-reported-to-who--2003-2024-28-march-2024 [Accessed December 31, 2025].
  5. Uyeki TM, Milton S, Abdul Hamid C, Reinoso Webb C, Presley SM, Shetty V, et al. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in a dairy farm worker. N Engl J Med. 2024;390(21):2028-2029. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2405371.
  6. Morse J, Coyle J, Mikesell L, Stoddard B, Eckel S, Weinberg M, et al. [Letter]. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(10):963-964. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2407264.
  7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC confirms second human H5 bird flu case in Michigan; third case tied to dairy outbreak. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2024/p0530-h5-human-case-michigan.html [Accessed December 31, 2025].
  8. Peacock TP, Moncla L, Dudas G, VanInsberghe D, Sukhova K, Lloyd-Smith JO, et al. The global H5N1 influenza panzootic in mammals. Nature. 2025;637(8045):304-313. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08054-z.
  9. Neumann G, Chen H, Gao GF, Shu Y, Kawaoka Y. H5N1 influenza viruses: outbreaks and biological properties. Cell Res. 2010;20(1):51-61. doi:10.1038/cr.2009.124.
  10. Kumlin U, Olofsson S, Dimock K, Arnberg N. Sialic acid tissue distribution and influenza virus tropism. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2008;2(3):147-154. doi:10.1111/j.1750-2659.2008.00051.x.
  11. Imai M, Herfst S, Sorrell EM, Schrauwen EJ, Linster M, De Graaf M, et al. Transmission of influenza A/H5N1 viruses in mammals. Virus Res. 2013;178(1):15-20. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2013.07.017.
  12. Zong Y, Qiu S, Zhang J, Yang M, Zou Y, Du J, et al. Influenza-associated ocular complications: a comprehensive review of viral subtypes, clinical presentations, and vaccination risks. Vaccines (Basel). 2025;13(9):950. doi:10.3390/vaccines13090950.
  13. Kaftan T, Nguyen NV, Begley J, Fashina T, Carag J, Yeh S. Update on ophthalmic implications of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus. Pathogens. 2025;14(9):932. doi:10.3390/pathogens14090932.
  14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing people working with or exposed to animals. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/worker-protection-ppe.html [Accessed December 31, 2025].
  15. Catalan Saenz HS, Cruz-Ausejo L. Preventive, safety and control measures against avian influenza A(H5N1) in occupationally exposed groups: a scoping review. One Health. 2024;19:100766. doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100766.
  16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus: interim recommendations for prevention, monitoring, and public health investigations. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/hpai-interim- [Accessed December 31, 2025].