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Dergiler / Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2

Bir Kargo Firmasında Zaman ve Kapasite Kısıtlı Araç Rotalama Problemi

Time and Capacity Constrained Vehicle Routing Problem in a Cargo Company

Fatma Çetintaş, Emre Aslan

Sayfa
377–399
Yayın Tarihi
2026-06-18
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Özet

Bu çalışmada, Elazığ ilinde bir kargo firmasının merkez deposundan ilçedeki şubelere kargo dağıtım ve toplanmasında maliyeti minimize edecek şekilde araç rotalarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Mevcut durumda eşit kapasitedeki üç araç üç ayrı rotada dağıtım ve toplama işlemini gerçekleştirmektedir. İlk rota Kovancılar-Palu-Karakoçan, ikinci rota Sivrice-Maden-Alacakaya-Arıcak, üçüncü rota ise Baskil-Keban-Ağın ilçelerinden oluşmaktadır. Her araç hafta içi her gün sabah il merkezindeki depodan dağıtılacak kargoları alıp mesai saatleri içerisinde ilçelere kargo dağıtım ve toplama faaliyetini gerçekleştirerek gün sonunda tekrar merkez depoya dönmektedir. Mevcut durum bilgilerinden yola çıkılarak eş zamanlı dağıtım-toplamalı, kapasite ve zaman kısıtlı araç rotalama probleminin matematiksel modeli kurulmuş ve farklı kargo yoğunluğu durumları için türetilen problemler GAMS programı kullanılarak çözülmüş ve mevcut durum ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Kargoların 1 gün ertelenmesine izin verilen modelde bazı günlerde 1 saat fazla mesai kullanılarak mevcut duruma göre maliyetin ortalama %18,2, mesafenin ortalama %20,5 oranında azaltılabildiği, mevcut durumda %24,8 olan ortalama araç doluluk oranının %39,1’e çıkarılabildiği hesaplanmıştır. Ertelemenin olmadığı modelde ise günde 1 saat fazla mesai kullanılarak mevcut duruma göre maliyetin ortalama %11,6, mesafenin ortalama %14,7 oranında azaltılabildiği, mevcut durumda %24,8 olan araç doluluk oranının %37,2’ye çıkarılabildiği hesaplanmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Araç rotalama problemi, Kargo firmaları, Matematiksel model JEL Sınıflandırması: C69, L87, M11

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to determine vehicle routes in a way that will minimize the cost in cargo distribution and collection from the central warehouse of a cargo company in Elazığ province to branches in the district. In the current situation, three vehicles with equal capacity perform the distribution and collection process on three separate routes. The first route consists of Kovancılar-Palu-Karakoçan, the second route consists of Sivrice-Maden-Alacakaya-Arıcak, and the third route consists of Baskil-Keban-Ağın districts. Each vehicle picks up the cargo to be distributed from the warehouse in the city center every weekday morning, performs cargo distribution and collection activities to the districts during working hours and returns to the central warehouse at the end of the day. Based on the current situation information, a mathematical model of the simultaneous distribution-collection, capacity and time constrained vehicle routing problem was established and the problems derived for different cargo density situations were solved using the GAMS program and compared with the current situation. In the model where cargoes were allowed to be postponed for 1 day, it was calculated that by using 1 hour of overtime on some days, the cost could be reduced by an average of 18.2% and the distance by an average of 20.5% compared to the current situation, and the average vehicle capacity utilization rate, which is currently 24.8%, could be increased to 39.1%. In the model where there was no postponement, it was calculated that by using 1 hour of overtime per day, the cost could be reduced by an average of 11.6% and the distance by an average of 14.7% compared to the current situation, and the vehicle capacity utilization rate, which is currently 24.8%, could be increased to 37.2%. Keywords: Vehicle routing problem, Cargo companies, Mathematical model JEL Classification: C69, L87, M11

Anahtar kelimeler
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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Çetintaş, F., Aslan, E. (2026). Bir Kargo Firmasında Zaman ve Kapasite Kısıtlı Araç Rotalama Problemi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2, 377–399. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1665581

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