KaydedilenlerDerginizi ekleyin

Dergiler / ESAM Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

TEKNO-MİLLİYETÇİLİK ÇERÇEVESİNDE ABD VE ÇİN ARASINDAKİ KUANTUM TEKNOLOJİ YARIŞININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

ASSESSMENT OF THE QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY RACE BETWEEN THE USA AND CHINA IN THE CONTEXT OF TECHNON-NATIONALISM

Muhammed Ziya Sarı

Sayfa
23–42
Yayın Tarihi
2025-04-29
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗

Özet

Bu araştırma, Tekno-Milliyetçilik (TM) çerçevesinde ABD ile Çin arasındaki kuantum teknolojilerdeki rekabeti ele almaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, iki ülkenin kuantum teknolojilerdeki Tekno-Milliyetçi politikaları doküman analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiş ve söz konusu rekabetin küresel güç dengeleri ve jeopolitik dinamikleri nasıl etkilediği tartışılmıştır. Son yıllarda ABD’nin kuantum teknolojilerine ilişkin politikalarının merkezinde, ulusal güvenlik ve stratejik üstünlük arayışının bulunduğu görülmektedir. Bu amaçla, ABD bir yandan müttefikleriyle iş birliğini güçlendirirken, diğer yandan Çin’e yönelik teknoloji transferini sınırlamaya ve kendi ulusal inovasyon kapasitesini geliştirmeye öncelik vermektedir. “National Quantum Initiative” gibi girişimler aracılığıyla akademi, endüstri ve kamu sektörü arasında kapsamlı bir koordinasyon mekanizması kurulmaya çalışılmakta; kritik kuantum teknolojilerine ayrılan yatırımlar stratejik bir öncelik haline getirilmektedir. Özellikle Biden yönetimiyle birlikte, Çin’in teknolojik ilerlemesini yavaşlatmak ABD’nin kuantum politikalarının temel hedeflerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Diğer tarafta Çin, “Made in China 2025” ve askeri-sivil entegrasyon stratejileri sayesinde kuantum teknolojilerindeki gelişimini devlet destekli programlarla hızlandırarak bağımsız bir teknoloji altyapısı oluşturmayı hedeflemektedir. Micius uydusu gibi projelerle kuantum iletişim alanında elde ettiği başarılar, küresel rekabetin seyrini etkileme potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu bağlamda Çin, ABD’nin Tekno-Milliyetçilik yaklaşımına karşılık vererek kendi stratejik hamlelerini ihtiva eden Tekno-Milliyetçi politikalar geliştirmektedir. Sonuç olarak, kuantum teknolojilerde Tekno-Milliyetçi eğilimlerin ağır bastığı bu yarış, ABD ve Çin arasındaki ekonomik, teknolojik ve jeopolitik rekabetin daha da derinleşmesine yol açmakta, yalnızca iki ülke arasındaki ilişkileri değil, küresel siyaseti, teknoloji ekosistemini ve stratejik iş birliklerini de dönüştürmektedir. Gelecekte, kuantum üstünlüğünü elde edecek tarafın, küresel güç dengeleri üzerinde ve jeopolitik güç yarışında belirleyici bir rol oynaması beklenmektedir.

Abstract

This study examines the competition in quantum technologies between the United States and China within the framework of Techno-Nationalism (TM). Adopting a document analysis approach, it investigates the Techno-Nationalist policies pursued by both countries in the field of quantum technologies and discusses how this competition affects global power balances and geopolitical dynamics. In recent years, the pursuit of national security and strategic superiority has been at the forefront of U.S. policies on quantum technologies. Accordingly, the United States prioritizes strengthening cooperation with its allies, limiting technology transfer to China, and enhancing its own national innovation capacity. Through initiatives such as the “National Quantum Initiative,” a comprehensive coordination mechanism among academia, industry, and the public sector is being established, and investments in critical quantum technologies are deemed a strategic priority. Notably, under the Biden administration, slowing down China’s technological progress has become one of the primary objectives of U.S. quantum policy. On the other hand, China aims to accelerate its development in quantum technologies through state-supported programs under strategies like “Made in China 2025” and military-civil integration, thereby seeking to establish an independent technological infrastructure. China’s achievements in quantum communication—particularly through projects such as the Micius satellite—have the potential to shape the trajectory of global competition. In this context, China counters the U.S. Techno-Nationalism approach by formulating its own Techno-Nationalist policies that encompass strategic initiatives. Consequently, this competition, characterized by a rise in Techno-Nationalist tendencies within quantum technologies, is deepening the economic, technological, and geopolitical rivalry between the United States and China, transforming not only their bilateral relations but also global politics, the technology ecosystem, and strategic partnerships. In the future, the actor that achieves quantum supremacy is expected to play a decisive role in shaping global power balances and geopolitical struggles.

Anahtar kelimeler
🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Sarı, M. Z. (2025). TEKNO-MİLLİYETÇİLİK ÇERÇEVESİNDE ABD VE ÇİN ARASINDAKİ KUANTUM TEKNOLOJİ YARIŞININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. ESAM Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 23–42. https://doi.org/10.53662/esamdergisi.1609028

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

Kaynakça (45)

  1. Aliyev, T. (2020). The New Stage in the US-China Rivalry: The Quantum Computer. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(11), 214–230.
  2. Allison, G. T. (2017). Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap? Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
  3. Austin, G. (2024). Quantum Sensing: Comparing the United States and China, London: International Institute for Strategic Studies.
  4. Boateng, S. (2023). Quantum communications: How it works and its security implications. Linkedin. 7 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/quantum-communications-how-works-its-security-samuel-boateng adresinden erişildi.
  5. Cai, J. (2024). China’s quantum computing leap risks stumbling into a talent-innovation void. South China Morning Post. 2 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3283730/involution-biggest-threat-chinas-quantum-computing-field-internal-risk-expert adresinden erişildi.
  6. Capri, A. (2020). Semiconductors at the Heart of the US-China Tech War: How a New Era of Techno-Nationalism is Shaking up Semiconductor Value Chains, Singapore: Hinrich Foundation.
  7. Capri, A. (2021). Quantum Computing: A New Frontier in Techno-Nationalism, Singapore: Hinrich Foundation.
  8. Capri, A. (2024). Techno-Nationalism: How It’s Reshaping Trade, Geopolitics and Society, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  9. Chen, S. (2022). China launches new satellite in step towards global quantum network. South China Morning Post. 5 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3186802/china-launches-new-satellite-important-step-towards-global adresinden erişildi.
  10. Cory, N. (2024). The Biden administration overreacts responding to China’s role in setting standards for quantum technologies. ITIF. 10 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://itif.org/publications/2024/07/29/the-biden-administration-overreacts-in-responding-to-china-s-role-in-setting-standards-for-quantum-technologies/ adresinde erişildi.
  11. Dargan, J. (2023). A brief overview of quantum computing in the US. The Quantuminsider. 7 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://www.google.com/search?q=A+Brief+Overview+of+Quantum+Computing+in+the+US&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8 adresinden erişildi.
  12. Dupont, A. (2020). Mitigating the new Cold War: managing US-China trade, tech and geopolitical conflict, Sydney: Centre for Independent Studies.
  13. Edgerton, D. E. H. (2007). The Contradictions of Techno-Nationalism and Techno-Globalism: A Historical Perspective. New Global Studies, 1(1), 1–34.
  14. Evans, P. (2020). Techno-nationalism in China–US Relations: Implications for Universities. East Asian Policy, 12(02), 80–92.
  15. Giles, M. (2019). Explainer: what is quantum communication? , MIT Technology Review. 10 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/02/14/103409/what-is-quantum-communications/ adresinden erişildi.
  16. Grobman, S. (2020). Quantum Computing’s Cyber-Threat to National Security. PRISM, 9(1), 52–67.
  17. Hawkins, M. (2024). US Targets China With Quantum and Chip-Related Export Curbs. Bloomberg. 8 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-09-05/us-targets-china-with-new-quantum-chip-related-export-curbs adresinden erişildi.
  18. Hmaidi, A., & Lau, J. G. (2024). China’s Long View on Quantum Tech Has the US and EU Playing Catch-Up [China Tech Observatory], Berlin: MERICS.
  19. Howell, S. (2022). The United States’ Quantum Talent Shortage Is a National Security Vulnerability. Foreign Policy. 9 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/07/31/us-quantum-technology-china-competition-security/ adresinden erişildi.
  20. Howell, S. (2023). The China-US Quantum Race. CNAS. 17 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/the-china-us-quantum-race adresinden erişildi.
  21. Howell, S. (2024). The quest for qubits: Assessing U.S.-China competition in quantum computing. CNAS, 18 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://www.cnas.org/publications/reports/the-quest-for-qubits adresinden erişildi.
  22. Johnson, W. G. (2019). Governance Tools for the Second Quantum Revolutıon. Jurimetrics, 59(4), 487–522.
  23. Julienne, M. (2024). China’s quest for a quantum leap. IFRI. 20 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://www.ifri.org/en/external-articles/external-publications/chinas-quest-quantum-leap adresinden erişildi.
  24. Kania, E. B. (2021). China’s quest for quantum advantage—Strategic and defense innovation at a new frontier. Journal of Strategic Studies, 44(6), 922–952.
  25. Kania, E. B., & Costello, J. K. (2018). China’s Quantum Ambitions, Washington DC: Center for a New American Security.
  26. Krause, J. (2024). The Quantum Race: U.S.-Chinese Competition for Leadership in Quantum Technologies [Policy Brief], California: IGCC.
  27. Li, C. (1994). Techno-Nationalism vs. Techno-Globalism: East Asia in Search of a New Vision for the 21st Century. Washington DC: ICWA.
  28. Luo, Y. (2022). Illusions of techno-nationalism. Journal of International Business Studies, 53(3), 550–567.
  29. Omaar, H. (2023). The U.S. Approach to Quantum Policy, Washington DC: Center for Data Innovation.
  30. Omaar, H. & Makaryan, M. (2024). How innovative is China in quantum? ITIF. 21 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://itif.org/publications/2024/09/09/how-innovative-is-china-in-quantum/ adresinden erişildi.
  31. Padula, R., & Pizetta, D. E. (2022). The Increasing Dispute Between USA And China Over International Standardization. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 65(1), 1-20.
  32. Park, S. A. (2022). The Review Article on Technonationalism, Basel: Preprints.
  33. Parker, E., Gonzales, D., Kochhar, A. K., Litterer, S., O’Connor, K., Schmid, J., Scholl, K., Silberglitt, R., Chang, J., Eusebi,
  34. C. A., & Harold, S. W. (2022). An Assessment of the U.S. and Chinese Industrial Bases in Quantum Technology, California: RAND Corporation.
  35. Parker, E. (2024). The Chinese Industrial Base and Military Deployment of Quantum Technology, California: RAND Corporation.
  36. Schwartz, A. (2024). U.S. Quantum Technology Leadership Hinges on Federal Policy in the 118th Congress, Washington DC: Innovation Frontier Project.
  37. Shim, Y., & Shin, D.-H. (2016). Neo-techno nationalism: The case of China’s handset industry. Telecommunications Policy, 40(2), 197–209.
  38. Stevens, C. (1990). Technoglobalism vs Technonationalısm-The corporate dilemma. Columbia Journal of World Business, 25(3), 42–49.
  39. Sun, H. (2019). U.S.-China Tech War. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 05(02), 197–212.
  40. Swayne, M. (2024). U.S. overreach on quantum standards risks undermining private sector leadership, policy expert warns. The Quantum Insider. 15 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://thequantuminsider.com/2024/08/10/u-s-overreach-on-quantum-standards-risks-undermining-private-sector-leadership-policy-expert-warns/ adresinden erişildi.
  41. Vizard, S. (2024). Quantum sensors: A booming market. Business Leader. 16 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://www.businessleader.co.uk/quantum-sensors-a-booming-market/ adresinden erişildi.
  42. Williams, B. K. (2023). The Innovation Race: US-China Science and Technology Competition and the Quantum Revolution, Washington DC: Wilson Center.
  43. Yamada, A. (2000). Neo-techno-nationalism: How and why it grows. CIAO. 15 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/isa/yaa01/ adresinden erişildi.
  44. Zhang, K. H. (2024). Geoeconomics of US-China tech rivalry and industrial policy. Asia and the Global Economy, 4(2), 1-9.
  45. Zhang, Q., Xu, F., Li, L., Liu, N.-L., & Pan, J.-W. (2019). Quantum information research in China. Quantum Science and Technology, 4(4), 1-7.